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Continuum of care in hepatitis C screening and treatment: a survey among clients of low-threshold programs for people who use drugs
Věžníková, Martina ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
Background: Half of the people with hepatitis C virus infection in the Czech Republic are injecting drug users. Low-threshold harm reduction-based treatment programs are an important pillar in the prevention and elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV);and for the continuity of care, it is essential to actively search for people with the infection (high rate of testing) and to follow up with further diagnosis and treatment.Identifying and responding to client barriers is necessary to maintain the continuum of care. Objectives: Theaim of the bachelor thesis was to describe the continuum of care in case of hepatitis C virus in clients of an outpatient and outreach programme for substance abusers in a low-threshold centre in Jihlava, from anti-HCV antibody screening to treatment entry and completion, and to describe the factors that influence the continuum of care. Methods: In June and July 2022, aquantitative analysis of existing data was conductedamong clients of a low-threshold facility for drug users in Jihlava. For the monitored period from 2017 to 2021, 243 clients of the outpatient program and 171 clients of the outreach program were included in the research. The obtained data were analysed in Microsoft Excel using descriptive statistics. Results: The research shows that 81 (33 %) clients of the...
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Mapping of application of menus for clients with hepatitis C in selected therapeutic communities for drug users in the Czech Republic
Stará, Iveta ; Čablová, Lenka (advisor) ; Starnovská, Tamara (referee)
BACKGROUND: Studies which were realized in the Czech Republic and also abroad found that hepatitis C is spreading among injection drug users. Literature wrote how would a person with HCV should eat in addition to development and pharmacotherapy of this disease. Literature recommends which food stuff is good for HCV person, how to prepare meal. Foreign studies have shown that nutrition counseling is good for whole process of treatment for addicted people. AIMS: The main aim of this research was to find if therapeutic communities for drug users had a special menu for clients with HCV. It was important to know how to enable the special boarding, which processes and food stuff were used. Subsequently menus of each community were evaluated in terms of supply energy, proteins, carbohydrates, fat and fieber. METHODS: The process of obtaining the data was conducted via email and telephone communications with each of the therapeutic community. The base of the research was one week menu from each community. Menus were evaluated in terms of nutritional composition. Food stuff were finally entered into the program Kalorické tabulky, which assed the amount of the basic nutrients in the meals. RESULTS: Special menu for people with HCV had only 3 communities. The other communities tried to include the dietary...
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High school students information of hepatitis C virus
Jelínek, Martin ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Zvírotský, Michal (referee)
The theoretical part presents detailed information about hepatitis C. This part consists of definitions and findings associated with hepatitis C, especially in the area of transmission, causes, clinical features, treatment, and prevention. Main goal of the practical part of this work is to determine how much know the students of the selected grammar students in the Karlovy Vary Region about hepatitis C, from which sources did adolescents learn about the disease, what they know about the prevention, what they learn about the disease in the school and in which extent they learn about it. The work includes both qualitative and quantitative research. Key informations were obtained by: a questionnaire method for students Sokolov grammar school and conversation with the doctor of Carlsbad Regional Hospital. By quantitative research has been demonstrated low awareness of selected high school students about hepatitis C. Respondents were also often wrong in the answers to basic questions of the survey. The doctor of infectious department said detailed and interesting informations about hepatitis C in an interview.
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Continuum of care in HCV treatment among clients of low-threshold programmes for PWUDs in Prague
Havlíková, Petra ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
Background: Viral hepatitis C (HCV) represents a major public health problem worldwide and also in the Czech Republic. There are as many as 80,000 people have been living with chronic HCV in Czechia since 2015, most of them are/were drug addicts who have been infected by contaminated syringes. Global and national efforts to eliminate HCV are currently underway, focusing primarily on improving the quality of treatment continuity (sustainability, uninterrupted treatment) which involves ensuring the availability of testing for all patients, patients' involvement in their own treatment, sustaining treatment, achieving a response rate and the necessary follow-up care. Objective: To describe the HCV continuum of care in people who inject drugs (mapping testing rate, treatment uptake and treatment completion), and to describe the factors that affect this process. Based on the collected data, to formulate recommendations for addiction care professionals in order to improve HCV continuum of care. Methodology: A questionnaire survey among clients of low-threshold centres in Prague was carried out. The convenient sample consisted of a total of 60 respondents, 20 from each of the three centres. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Data collection was realised in August 2019. Results: Out of the 60...
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Mapping of application of menus for clients with hepatitis C in selected therapeutic communities for drug users in the Czech Republic
Stará, Iveta ; Čablová, Lenka (advisor) ; Starnovská, Tamara (referee)
BACKGROUND: Studies which were realized in the Czech Republic and also abroad found that hepatitis C is spreading among injection drug users. Literature wrote how would a person with HCV should eat in addition to development and pharmacotherapy of this disease. Literature recommends which food stuff is good for HCV person, how to prepare meal. Foreign studies have shown that nutrition counseling is good for whole process of treatment for addicted people. AIMS: The main aim of this research was to find if therapeutic communities for drug users had a special menu for clients with HCV. It was important to know how to enable the special boarding, which processes and food stuff were used. Subsequently menus of each community were evaluated in terms of supply energy, proteins, carbohydrates, fat and fieber. METHODS: The process of obtaining the data was conducted via email and telephone communications with each of the therapeutic community. The base of the research was one week menu from each community. Menus were evaluated in terms of nutritional composition. Food stuff were finally entered into the program Kalorické tabulky, which assed the amount of the basic nutrients in the meals. RESULTS: Special menu for people with HCV had only 3 communities. The other communities tried to include the dietary...
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High school students information of hepatitis C virus
Jelínek, Martin ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Zvírotský, Michal (referee)
The theoretical part presents detailed information about hepatitis C. This part consists of definitions and findings associated with hepatitis C, especially in the area of transmission, causes, clinical features, treatment, and prevention. Main goal of the practical part of this work is to determine how much know the students of the selected grammar students in the Karlovy Vary Region about hepatitis C, from which sources did adolescents learn about the disease, what they know about the prevention, what they learn about the disease in the school and in which extent they learn about it. The work includes both qualitative and quantitative research. Key informations were obtained by: a questionnaire method for students Sokolov grammar school and conversation with the doctor of Carlsbad Regional Hospital. By quantitative research has been demonstrated low awareness of selected high school students about hepatitis C. Respondents were also often wrong in the answers to basic questions of the survey. The doctor of infectious department said detailed and interesting informations about hepatitis C in an interview.
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Paramedics' awareness of blood-borne infections
DALIHODOVÁ, Andrea
My bachelor's thesis focuses on identifying paramedics' awareness of blood-borne infections. The issue of infections transmitted by blood is very extensive and complicated. Much emphasis is placed on prevention by health care employees who are threatened by infections of this kind in their day-to-day practice. For the sake of structure, the thesis is divided into two main parts. The theoretical portion presents a comprehensive overview of blood-borne diseases paramedics are exposed to while performing their work. It also explains terms such as paramedic and the importance of first aid service. The practical portion contains the actual survey and the evaluation of results. This section of the thesis uses quantitative research method via questionnaires. Data was obtained through questioning using anonymous questionnaires. The surveyed group included 90 paramedics. The aim of the work was to identify paramedics' awareness of blood-borne infections, find out what kind of personal protective equipment, if any, they use, and whether applicable regulations are being complied with. Based on the results obtained from the survey, I have concluded that paramedics are not sufficiently aware of blood-borne diseases. I also found out that 33% of the respondents violate applicable legislation by improper handling used by paramedics to the fullest possible extent. The most important aspects, I believe, are compliance with sanitary and epidemic regulations, vaccination, the availability of quality protective equipment and training as part of general prevention measures. In my opinion, more attention should be paid to providing health care workers with quality post-graduate education, the prevention of blood-borne infections, compliance with applicable regulations and the use of personal protective equipment.
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Prevention of social aspects of an ilness
ŠAMÁNEK, Petr
The primary aim of this bachelor degree work was to investigate and describe the relationship between the number of injection sets distributed among drug addicts under needle exchange programmes and type B and type C hepatitis incidence rates, based on available information sources. The secondary aim was to evaluate the demand for exchange programme services. Described in the theoretical section are the basic themes relating to spread of infectious diseases among drug addicts. This section also deals with social aspects of drug addiction and drug abuse as a social aspect which may lead to the occurrence of other diseases. The practical section contains a secondary analysis of data obtained from quarterly annual reports that are published by the Drug Epidemiology Department of the Praque´s Hygiene Station and include the required nationwide information. The processed data are evaluated and the discovered facts are highlighted by graphic representation in this section of the work which begins with a table outlining all data used to obtain the results. The investigation focused on data from the recent five years (2005 {--} 2009) for South Bohemia and Ústecký Regions. The source of demographic data for these regions was the Czech Statistical Office. It was found that the hypothesis presuming a decline in the type B and type C hepatitis occurrence rates in relation to the number of injection sets distributed within exchange programmes was not confirmed. It was also found that the scope of distribution of injection sets became slightly reduced in one of the regions under survey (Ústecký Region) between 2008 and 2009 in spite of the increase in the nationwide distribution of injection sets. However, the overall tendency in the period under survey could still be described as increasing.
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Incidence of Blood-Born and Sexually Transmitted Infectious Diseases with Focus on HBV and HCV in the Central Bohemia Region.
VELEKOVÁ, Petra
Viral hepatitides B and C are among the most widespread and at the same time most serious blood-born and sexually transmitted infectious diseases. The World Health Organisation considers the incidence of both infections to be an epidemic and, according to its estimates, there are 2 billion of people infected by hepatitis B virus and over 170 million of people infected by hepatitis C virus worldwide. Viral hepatitides B and C are diseases infecting the liver frequently becoming chronic and presenting a major factor in hepatocellular carcinoma development. Acute hepatitis C allegedly develops into chronic condition in approximately 85 % of CASE, and around one third of chronic hepatitis C patiens develop cirrhosis and many of them a liver carcinoma. There is a direct correlation between the incidence of acute hepatitis B developing into a chronic condition and possibly leading to cirrhosis or a hepatocellular carcinoma and the patientś age, it is indicated at 90 {--} 95 % in neonates, at 25 {--} 50 % in 1 to 5-year-olds, at 5 {--} 10 % in older children and adults. These diseases also have considerable socioeconomic impacts. Vaccination has been the most effective preventive measure agains viral hepatitis B, so far, no effective vaccine has been found for hepatitis C virus. The fundamental precautions against both types of viral hepatis consist in non-specific prevention related to the means of transmission of infection, namely avoiding contact with blood and other body fluids of any infected person. Both hepatitis B and C are most frequently trasmitted parenterally, by means of sexual intercourse, vertical transmission is less common. Before the introduction of screening tests for blood donors, viral hepatitides B and C were most frequently transferred via blood transfusion. At present, intravenous administration of illicit drugs presents a major risk factor due to sharing needles, syringes and other instruments among users. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes present day knowledge on viral hepatitides B and C. The practical part focuses on the incidence and means of transmission of viral hepatitis B and viral hepatitis C in the Central Bohemia Region within a 10-year period. I also aimed to examine viral hepatitides B and C transmission risks awareness, and safe-sex rules observation among a selected group of the Central Bohemia population.
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