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Porovnání vybraných odrůd pšenice podle jejich schopnosti regulovat a kompenzovat výnos v odlišném prostředí
Brtníková, Daniela
This diploma thesis presents the results of experiments monitored in the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 growing seasons at three experimental locations in the Czech Republic. The chosen locations were Obora and Písky, which belong to the Žabčice Field Experi-ment Station, and the site in Prague-Ruzyna belong to the Plant Production Research Insti-tute, v. v. i. These locations are different mainly in terms of climate and soil conditions. The monitored varieties were Balitus, Bohemia, IS Conditor, RGT Sacramento, Tobak, Tonnage and Tybalt. For these varieties, yield components (number of spikes per m2, number of grains in spike and one thousand grain weight) were evaluated and their evaluation in rela-tion to the yield and harvest index together with the compensatory and self-regulating abili-ties of wheat. A statistically significant effect of variety, location and year was recorded for most of the evaluated parameters. The best-rated varieties for the monitored period were the Tonnage and Tobacco varieties, which achieved above-average yields and showed certain abilities of compensation and plasticity to growing conditions. On the contrary, the worst rated was the Bohemia variety, which, despite the high grain weight, achieved below-average yields compared to the other varieties.
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Hodnocení kvality brambor pro potravinářské využití
Andrýsek, Lukáš
The aim of this diploma thesis was to elaborate a literature research on „Evaluation of potatoes quality for food use“. In the practical part, a laboratory analysis of potatoes quality was performed at the end of 2017. After considering all the important quality parameters, the best variety Antonia was chosen for the preparation of potato products which were evaluated based on sensory quality and textural characteristics depending on storage. In 2018, a production of vacuumed potato products with a focus on various preservation methods. The products prepared by blanching potatoes, by blanching with added citric acid, potatoes boiled in brine and their combinations were chosen for this work. After storage, tubers were found to be more resistant to water release to outer environment than before storage. Of all the prepared products, the variety blanching with the added citric acid was evaluated as the best in sensory quality.
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Porovnání výnosotvorných prvků u hybridních a nehybridních odrůd ječmene ozimého
Hlavatá, Jana
The bachelor thesis presents the results of an experiment with winter barley. The experiment was established in the vegetation period 2017/2018 on the grounds of the Field Experimental Station of Mendel University in Žabčice. The theoretical part describes the basic characteristics of barley, botanical and biological characteristics, requirements for growing conditions, formation of cereal yield, breeding of hybrid vari-eties and a part is devoted to winter barley diseases. In the practical part, the yield-forming elements of eleven winter barley varieties were evaluated and the results between hybrid and linear varieties were compared. The yield-forming elements evaluated were the number of plants per m2, the number of off-shoots and spikes per m2, the number of offshoots and spikes per plant, the weight of thousand grains, the yield and bulk density was determined as the quality indicator. It is clear that hybrid varieties have achieved a better assessment. E.g. the average yield of hybrid varieties was 8.65 t.ha-1, the line ones was 8.36 t.ha-1.
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The yield formation of spring wheat in depending on preceding crop
ŽÁČEK, Josef
This diploma thesis deals with the comparison of the influence of three different pre-crops on the spring wheat growing in real conditions of a chosen agricultural business. In 2018, a pilot plant test was established on the property in KÚ Dolní Svince, č.p. 0802/23 with the total area of 13,19 ha. For the establishment of the pilot plant test, an area of 5 ha had been used, which, due to its position, occupied the area of all thre pre-crops (corn for silage, winter barley, winter triticale). During the vegetation period, the occurence of weeds had been monitored and the crop yield elements for all stages of all spring wheat had been evaluated. After the harvest, the real crop yield of the wheat had been evaluated and a final economical evaluation had been made. The average crop yield concerning the first option, (pre-crop corn for silage) reached the yield value of 5,65 t.ha-1 , which was a 0,42 t.ha-1 more than the second option (pre-crop winter barley), in which case the value of harvest was 5,23 t.ha-1. Concerning the third monitored option (pre-crop winter triticale), the harvest value was almost similar to the second option - 5,36 t.ha-1. The most suitable pre-crop for the highest harvest of spring wheat is corn for silage, which has reached the highest profit when compared to the other options. In spite of a less advantageous pre-crop, the third option reached the highest-quality of nitrogen and nitrogen compouns.
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Comparison of the performance of selected varieties of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus)
Krouželová, Jana ; Bečka, David (advisor) ; Roman, Roman (referee)
Winter oilseed rape is the most important oilseed plant grown in the Czech Republic. During
recent years, rapeseed sown areas rapidly increased due to its complex usage in industry.
Similarly, the rapeseed oil gains importance which is used in food industry.
The successful cultivation of rapeseed includes the right cultivation technology as well as the
choice of suitable variety which will be the adapted to climatic conditions of location. There
are over 600 varieties to choose from based on Common Catalogue of Varieties of
Agricultural Plant Species from which is about 80 varieties commonly used in practice in
climatic conditions of the Czech Republic. Suitability of these varieties and their yield are
tested based on variety testing conducted by ÚKZUZ. The varieties which proved to be
suitable based on previous testing are recommended for cultivation and placed in
Recommended List of Varieties which helps farmers to orientate in new varieties in the Czech
Republic.The aim of this diploma thesis is a comparison of the performance of selected varieties of
rapeseed which were cultivated in semi-operational conditions in Humburky,
Kralovehradecky region. In this theses yield, oil content, 1000 seed weight were compared.
Two hypotheses were set:
1) Hybrid varieties reach higher height and yield
2) Oil content of liner and hybrids cultivars is equivalent
Further these features were observed: plant height, pod number on the terminal raceme, stalk
number on the terminal raceme, number of primary and secondary branches, height and length
of yield floor and their correlation with yield.
Cultivar Faktor KWS (hybrid) reached the best yield from selected varieties, yielding 5,02 t/
ha (119,2 % average yield). The average yields of liner and hybrids cultivars were almost
equivalent (4,16 t/ha hybrids and 4,10 t/ha liner). The greatest difference between liner and
hybrid varieties was observed in plant height. The hybrids reached 10 cm higher on the
average than liner varieties.
The second hypothesis about the similar oil content of hybrid and liner varietes was
confirmed. Observed varieties reached both 43,3 % of oil content .
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Influence of variety on the yield and its structure of early irrigated potatoes
Rubešová, Žaneta ; Hamouz, Karel (advisor) ; Milan, Milan (referee)
Summary
The thesis is focused on the evaluation of the influence of genotype variety, harvest date of potatoes tubers collection and location for the yield of irrigated early potatoes, it´s structure
in two terms harvests following fourteen consecutive days. The problem was studied in two localities in early potato growing areas in the framework of ÚKZÚZ field trials.
ÚKZÚZ results were obtained after harvest trials. In 2015 I personally participated in the harvest, and in the next months, I evaluated the results separetaly. Experiment in 2007 was conducted
in Přerov nad Labem and was focused on the influence of genotype varieties and date the collection on the structure and yield of irrigated early potatoes. Trials in 2015 was conducted
in a research station in Přerov nad Labem and in Lednice in Moravia and was focused on the influence of genotype varieties for yield, location and date of harvest in irrigated early potatoes.
Based on the results was found demonstrable influence of genotype varieties for yield, in which Suzan variety achieved the highest yield (28,82 t/ha), on average both two locations and two the collection dates. For all tested varieties was proved that the location has significant influence on the yield. In Přerov nad Labem was achieved on average all varieties of 18,5 t/ha (109 %) higher yield rate than in Lednice in Moravia. During the examining the influence of harvest date on the yield was found ambiguous the yield growth in the second collection term. The average of all varieties increased yields in theese fourteen days in Lednice of 10,8 t/ha (93,9 %), ie. An average of 0,77 t/ha per day in Přerov nad Labem about 16,6 t/ha (61,3 %), it´s an average of 1,2 t/ha per day. The influence of genotype variety and harvest term on the average weight of potato tubers in one clump, the average number of tubers in one clump and average weight per tuber was proved in all cases. The highest weight of tubers under a single clump reached Monika variety in both collection terms. Variety Magda achieved in both terms of the collection the highest number of tubers. The highest weight of single tuber were measured in the first term oh the collection in the variety Monika and in the second term the collection in the variety Bellarosa.
In my opinion, genotype of the variety, location and the harvest term have a significant influence on yield and its structure. For the growers it is very important to choose suitable early potato varieties, but also must provide the best possible growing conditions, for the full manifestation of the variety potential.
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Reaction of selected varieties of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) on the application of fungicides
Vojík, Jan ; Bečka, David (advisor) ; Michal, Michal (referee)
Oilseed rape i sone of the most important crops in the world. I tis the most important oil crop in Czech Republic. I the last 50 years it had undergone large change in breedeng. Ratio of grown hybrids at present tops the open pollinated lines ( planning for harvest in 2016 saw 88% hybrids and only 12% of lines). There are quite important differences between varieties in tolerance to fungal diseases and not only to them. There are first varieties marketed with gene of pot shatter tolerance and others. The pressure of fungal diseases grows due to growing planting area of the rape.
Trials with oil seed rape were established in the growing season 2014/15 on four varieties and two locations. We tested following hybrids: Arsenal (Limagrain), DK Exstorm (Monsanto), Jumper (Bayer), SY Cassidy (Syngenta). The locations were in the district Jičín farm AGRO Slatiny a.s., and in the district Kolín farm ZD Křečhoř a.s.. On each location were planted two trial variants 1) without fungicide application 2) with the application of fungicides. On the location Slatiny were applied three fungicides (Toprex, Paroli, Propulse), on the location Křečhoř also three fungicides (Toprex, Magnello, Amistar XTRA).
The aim of the bachelor study was to test growth yield and qualitative parameters of the varieties together with observation of fungal diseases and their influence on yield and oil content. We were testing the infestation of following diseases Phoma lingam, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Verticilium dahlie Botrytis cinerea.
Hybrid DK Exstorm (195cm) was the tallest variety on both locations followed by hybrid Arsenal (193,5 cm). By number of branches was the best ranked variety hybrid Arsenal, the lowest was SY Cassidy. On fungicide treated variants grew number of pods per m2 by average 6% on both locations. Average yield vas slightly higher in location Křečhoř in both variants, treated (70kg) and untreated (50 kg). On both locations was visible difference between treated and untreated variants. Yield increase was in average 5,4% (200kg/ha). Varieties with best reaction to fungicide treatment were DK Exstorm (Monsanto) and Jumper (Bayer). Fungicide application influenced also crop height, number of branches and pods per m2.
Following conclusions are made in the bachelor study:
- Fungicide application increased yield in average by 5,4% (i.e.200 t/ha) and improwed the health of the crop.
- DK Exstorm and Jumper were varieties with the best reaction on the fungicide treatmentArsenal (4,37 t/ha) was the best yileding variety on both locations followed by hybrid Jumper (4,27 t/ha).
- Arsenal is the recomended variety for both locations Křečhoř and Slatiny
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Výnosové a kvalitativní parametry vybraného sortimentu odrůd brambor na šlechtitelské stanici Česká Bělá
Dobrovolný, Zdeněk
This thesis deals with yield and quality parameters of potato varietes. The experiment was based on three repetitions, and in a two-year cycle, in 2011and 2012 on the land of the breeding station VESPA Česká Bělá, Inc. - a subsidiary of VESA Velhartice, Inc. Eighteen chosen varietes of ware potatoes from the following categories were observed: very early (Impala, Magda, Monika, Suzan, Vera) early (Adéla, Barbora, Bohemia, Marabel, Terka, Vendula) semi - early (Bella, Lolita, Nancy, Red Anna, Vlasta) late (Janet, Lydia). Impala, Lolita and Marabel are varietes of outlandish origin. The evaluation was carried out after the harvest and was focused on tuber yield, average weight of a single tuber and mass grading of tubers in a clump, starch content and cooking quality.
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Yield formation of spring wheat
HOŠEK, Lukáš
The aim of my thesis is to assess the basic yield factors in the studied varieties of spring wheat. In the year 2013, there were in the framework of the test sown eight varieties (Brawura, Corso, Epos, Granny, Scirocco, Septima, Tercie and Vánek) at the land of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice. During the vegetation the number of plants, the number of sprouts and the number of spikes was recorded using a quarter tape. The data are in the results section and are converted to 1 m2. Additionally, the infestation by diseases, pests and overrunning with weeds was monitored. Before harvesting, the samples were taken for an evaluation of the number of grains per spike and HTZ. In the results section the main factors of the yield are statistically evaluated. These include the number of spikes, the number of grains per spike and HTZ. The study also evaluates the theoretical and the actual yield and the bulk density. The average number of ears in the varieties of spring wheat ranged from 411 (Corso) to 564 (Epos) ears per 1 m2. The number of grains per spike of individual varieties reached higher values, from 39,6 (Scirocco) to 57,8 (Corso). The average HTZ for the individual varieties was between 34,9 and 43,5 g. At finding of the real yield there were observed values from 3,4 t.ha-1 (Septima) to 4,5 t.ha-1 (Scirocco). The difference between the yield elements of were statistically significant all varieties.
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