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The relationship between kidney stone formation and the composition of food.
Zbořilová, Eliška ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with causes of formation and identification of urinary concrements. The theoretical part of this study includes basic definition of problems with urolithiasis, points to risk factors of formation of urinary concrements and deals with their classification in accordance to their chemical composition. Important part of this study has been devoted to dietary habits, because composition of ingested food and daily intake of liquids is very important for formation of concrement in urinary tract. Analysis of urinal concrement and following identification of its composition is absolutely unavoidable for definition of subsequent therapeutic method of treatment of urolithiasis. In the experimental part, infrared spectroscopy has been used for analysis of urinal concrements. The calibration lines of the most frequent two-component mixtures of urinary concrements have been scaled by this method
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Introduction of spectrophotometric determination of urinary citrates and oxalates into routine clinical laboratory testing.
FEJT, Martin
Determination of the level of citrates and oxalates in urine is of great importance in the diagnosis and subsequent monitoring of patients with urolithiasis. Data about urine concentrations of these substances, together with other metabolic tests, help to determine the likelihood of recurrence of urolithiasis. At the same time, they help physicians find appropriate regime measures for patients with the disease. This bachelor thesis deals with the introduction of the determination of citrates and oxalates in the routine operation of a clinical laboratory. The theoretical part first briefly describes the issue of urolithiasis, its distribution, etiopathogenesis, treatment and prophylaxis. Emphasis is placed on the role of citrates and oxalates. Furthermore, individual types of urinary stones and possibilities of their analysis are characterized. The following is an approach to the process of verification of the measuring procedure and associated performance parameters. The related analytical properties of the methods are also listed and described here. Within the description of the implementation process the setting of parameters in the laboratory and hospital information system is briefly explained. In the laboratory of ÚKBH FN Plzeň we chose enzymatic methods and an automatic analyzer Beckman Coulter AU480 to determine the concentration of citrates and oxalates in urine. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis continues with a description of the spectrophotometry and operation of the instrument used. We tested reagents from foreign manufacturers INstruchemie (Netherlands) and LTA (Italy). The following is an explanation of the principles of the methods from the above manufacturers and briefly lists other possible methods for the determination of these analytes. Reagents from INstruchemie were selected for routine use. As this manufacturer has already validated its methods on Beckman Coulter spectrophotometers, only their verification has taken place at ÚKBH. The practical part of this bachelor thesis deals first with the preparation of reagents for analysis and continues with programming the parameters of individual methods into the analyzer. The main content of this work is a detailed description of the implementation of individual phases of analysis, which are required by the verification process. After successful completion of all measurements and evaluation of their results, appropriate verification protocols were prepared and the methods were put into routine operation of the laboratory.
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Urolithiasis as a biosocial problem of man
Černá, Helena ; Přívratský, Vladimír (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
Bachelor thesis Urolithiasis and the influence of dietary habits on human society aims to find out everything about the disease, called urolithiasis. It occurs in humans, but can occur even in animals. Therefore, it is conceived as a natural and medical aspects are not decisive. Urolithiasis affects the urinary tract and renal parenchyma mainly, because the work is in the theoretical part focused first on the general exclusion, which in this work are inherent. It also deals with urolithiasis, since its first references in the literature to the present. How and why it arises, its prevention, causes and etiopathogenetic factors affecting incidence. It occurs in all age groups, without exception, human races and on all continents. In the final phase of the work addresses the investigation, whose aim is to find out what sex is more susceptible to the disease, which age group is more at risk, which increases the risk of job creation and last, the survey focused on respondents and their eating habits. Proper diet, which is meant compliance with dietary habits, insufficient fluid intake and avoidance of different stress conditions is one of the most important factors that have a positive impact on the incidence of urolithiasis.
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Composition analysis of urinary calculi with dual-energy computed tomography
Vondráková, Alena ; Ferda, Jiří (advisor) ; Mechl, Marek (referee) ; Ungermann, Leoš (referee)
Composition analysis of urinary calculi with dual-energy computed tomography Urolithiasis is among lifestyle diseases. Question the timely and accurate diagnosis is still current. Therapeutic approach in dealing with kidney stones depends on the particular chemical composition of urinary stone. Since the end of the 20th century as a new diagnostic option in the problems of urolithiasis exploring the possibility of using techniques of DECT, which now brings the possibility of the material characteristics of tissues in vivo. The aim of the present study was to assess the accuracy of chemical analysis stone disease DECT correlation of the results with laboratory chemical analysis of urolithiasis. The research sample of patients with urolithiasis became of the 70 individuals who underwent examination using DECT focusing on the chemical analysis of urinary calculi in vivo. Subsequently, analysis was made of laboratory extracted urolithiasis in all these patients. With regard to the distribution of urolithiasis into 4 main types according to the chemical composition of the stone was then assessed compliance DECT and laboratory methods. Consensus of both analytical methods were investigated on a small set of blind investigated calculi of known chemical composition ex vivo. The main outcome of this work is...
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Urolithiasis as a biosocial problem of man
Černá, Helena ; Přívratský, Vladimír (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
Bachelor thesis Urolithiasis and the influence of dietary habits on human society aims to find out everything about the disease, called urolithiasis. It occurs in humans, but can occur even in animals. Therefore, it is conceived as a natural and medical aspects are not decisive. Urolithiasis affects the urinary tract and renal parenchyma mainly, because the work is in the theoretical part focused first on the general exclusion, which in this work are inherent. It also deals with urolithiasis, since its first references in the literature to the present. How and why it arises, its prevention, causes and etiopathogenetic factors affecting incidence. It occurs in all age groups, without exception, human races and on all continents. In the final phase of the work addresses the investigation, whose aim is to find out what sex is more susceptible to the disease, which age group is more at risk, which increases the risk of job creation and last, the survey focused on respondents and their eating habits. Proper diet, which is meant compliance with dietary habits, insufficient fluid intake and avoidance of different stress conditions is one of the most important factors that have a positive impact on the incidence of urolithiasis.
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The relationship between kidney stone formation and the composition of food.
Zbořilová, Eliška ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with causes of formation and identification of urinary concrements. The theoretical part of this study includes basic definition of problems with urolithiasis, points to risk factors of formation of urinary concrements and deals with their classification in accordance to their chemical composition. Important part of this study has been devoted to dietary habits, because composition of ingested food and daily intake of liquids is very important for formation of concrement in urinary tract. Analysis of urinal concrement and following identification of its composition is absolutely unavoidable for definition of subsequent therapeutic method of treatment of urolithiasis. In the experimental part, infrared spectroscopy has been used for analysis of urinal concrements. The calibration lines of the most frequent two-component mixtures of urinary concrements have been scaled by this method
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Metaphylaxy in urinary stones patients
BUŘIČOVÁ, Alena
Current status: The recurrence of urinary stones is common, according to research results. Prevention of urolithiasis, especially of recurrent cases, is essential. Information about the disease, causes of urolithiasis and preventive regime are the basic principles. The patient should not only be informed about drinking and dietary regime after removal of the stone, but he should be motivated to fulfil these recommendations. Metaphylaxy is complex treatment regime; aim of whist is prevention of stone recurrence Methods: The research part was based on quantitative survey. Questionnaire, consisting of 22 questions, was used for survey.. The survey was performed at the Department of Urology, Region Hospital Ceske Budejovice since January 2011 till December 2013. Patients, where first stone was diagnosed, were involved. SPSS programme was used to evaluate results of quantitative survey. Medical recodes was used for secondary analysis of data of primary stone patients treated at the Department of Urology, Region Hospital Ceske Budejovice since 2009 till 2013. Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and SPSS programme was used for statistical analysis. The hypotheses were tested by using of Chí quadrat test. Patients: The patients with primary urinary tract stones, diagnosed in 2012 and 2013, were selected for survey. There were included 184 patients in 2012 and 102 patients in 2013. 150 patients had been addressed by questionnaire and 123 patients responded. The secondary analysis of data of patients treated for primary urinary stones at the Department of Urology, Region Hospital Ceske Budejovice since 2009 till 2013, was performed on 644 patients. Results: 644 patients were found as patients treated for primary stone at the Department of Urology, Region Hospital Ceske Budejovice since 2009 till 2013. This is in concordance with research goal: "Find, how many urinary stones patients were diagnosed at the Department of Urology, Region Hospital Ceske Budejovice since 2009 till 2013". The second research goal was: "Identify differences in dietary habits in urinary stones patients." There was fund a difference in meat intake between men and women. Decreasing trend in meat intake according to age was found, too. No difference in sugar intake was found intake between men and women. The third research goal was: " Identify the fluid intake in in urinary stones patients." There was found average fluid intake per day of 1 922 ml in women and 2 127 ml in men. The last research goal was: " Identify willingness of the patients to change their drinking and dietary regime." The willingness to to change drinking and dietary regime is affected by age of the patient, profession, way of stone removal and quality of information about to change their drinking and dietary regime. Conclusions: The drinking and dietary regime, in context with life style information, is basic for prevention of urinary stones. Fluid intake, dietary habits, physical activity, weight reduction, stress release are essential factors. The motivation, including clear and detailed information of the patient is important for compliance. The results of the theses will be offered for publishing in peer reviewed journal Urologie pro praxi.
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Radiological diagnosis of renal colic
ONDRUŠKOVÁ, Lenka
The thesis focuses on performance frequency of particual radiodiagnostic imaging methods which are indicated to patients with diagnosis of undefined renal colic Another aim is comparison of individual imaging methods based on radiation pressure together with highlighting of advantages and disadvantages of every individual examination. The thesis is introduced with a brief anatomical and physiological summary of urinary system. The next paragraph deals with the issue of urolithiasis, classification of urinary stones and factors contributing to formation of urolithiasis. Undoubtedly, one of the most important passages in the theoretical part of the thesis is a detailed description of individual imaging methods used in urology. Every medical examination includes procedure, preparation of a patient, indication, contraindication, benefits and drawbacks typical for implementation of imaging methods. The last part of the theoretical section covers a comparison of particular medical srceenings according to the negative radiation effects on the patient and according to the financial point of view. The second part of the thesis focuses on hypothesis and description of the research methodology. The aim of the thesis is seen in a comparison as well as in a research of frequency of individual imaging methods used in renal illnesses causing renal colic. The research was focused on this aim and all useful data in connection with description of methodology were applied. Another goal of the research was verification of hypothesis which is based on the belief that methods without using contrastive substances are more frequently applied. Methodology used in the bachelor thesis describes collecting of data, processing and comparison of patients´ files who underwent treatment of renal colic in the urology ward in the hospital in Havlíčkův Brod. The research was mainly oriented on imaging methods using contrasting substances as well as non-contrasting methods. Amongst these imaging screenings belong ultrasonography, plain radiograph of kidneys, intravenous excretory urography, computed tomography with low-dose technique and CT with application of contrastive substance. The data was collected from the hospital information system service known as NIS in Havlíčkův Brod. The first data collection method was aimed at group of patients with renal colic diagnosis who have experienced radiodiagnostic examination methods in the hostital in Havlíčkův Brod in 2012. The group consisted of one hundred patients. In the first place, frequency of occurrence of urolithiasis and its frequency of particular examination of both sexes was examined. It was followed by the research of the frequency imaging methods for the entire year 2012. The final research was focused on the number of condactive examinations using contrastive substance. In the end, it was compared to the number of realized screenings without contrasing substance. The second data collection included the number of conducted screenings in last fifteen years. Out of this data frequency of examinations in the years 1999 and 2013 were compared and represented. For the clear arrangement, the data was reported and graphically presented for the individual years in the period from 1.1.1999 till 31.12.2013. The results of the first and the second collection data method were compared and assessed. As a result it can be assumed that hypothesis has been confirmed. In comparison of frequency of the conducted contrasing examinations in 2012, imaging methods without application of the contrastive substance were in percentage majority. The same outcome was also shown after researching the data from last fifteen years. Nephrogram radiology was the most frequently conducted type of examination meanwhile the least frequently used was CT examination with the application of contrasting substance.
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