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Nursing care of children with selected diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract
VRBOVÁ, Anna
Infection of urinary tract (especially cystitis and uretritis) is very common in young age. The basic symptoms of this diseases are dysuria, significant bakteriuria, hematuria, subfebrilia, retention of urine, vomitig or absence of appetite. The aim of this work to evaluate the knowledge of nurses in the nursing care of children with selected diseases of the kidney and the urinary tract and describe parents´experiences with nursing care of theyr children, who had infection of urinary tract (pyelonephritis, cystitis or uretritis).
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Urinary tract infections by community and nosocomial strains
RAFAJOVÁ, Michaela
This thesis deals with Urinary tract infections. It includes information about pathogenes, methods of their identification and treatment. The goal of this thesis is observing of pathogen species representation that cause infecion in community and in hospital (includes hospital infections) and observing resistence to five most common antibiotics for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis.
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Bacteriophage therapy with focus on urinary catheters biofilms
Ludvík, Vojtěch ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Grantz Šašková, Klára (referee)
The term of the bacteriophage therapy denotes the use of viruses for killing bacteria. My thesis refers about the use of the bacteriophage therapy in the process of treating nosocomial infections caused by the urinary tract catheterization. I focus on the bacteria that are found in the catheters' biofilms and on the selection of bacteriophages that will be capable of the enzymatically degradation of the biofilms as well as the lysis of the present bacteria. After the body fluids contact the surface of the catheter, an environment for the evolution of the biofilm begins to evolve, which leads to its fast expansion and to the development of an infection. In the case of improper hygienically measures and unreasonable duration of the catheterization, the incidence of the infections reaches 100%. Because of the presence of the biofilm, the bacteria demonstrate high resistance to antibiotics, which is why the infections often aren't suppressed and may have fatal consequences. If applied, the bacteriophage cocktail and genetically modified bacteriophages can successfully treat the infection and even prevent from its development. Keywords: Bacteriophage therapy, urinary tract infection, catheterization, biofilm, EPS
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Intermittent bladder catheterization in paraplegics
Šímová, Jiřina ; Hošťálková, Monika (advisor) ; Kordulová, Pavla (referee)
The Bachelor's thesis deals with the topic "Intermittent bladder catheterisation in paraplegics". I divided it into a theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part of the thesis concerns the spine physiology, medical consequences and complications of spinal cord lesions, nursing care of paraplegics and quadriplegics, and urology care of patients suffering from spinal cord injuries. Another large topic of the thesis is nursing care, focusing on nursing care of patients using the technique of intermittent catheterisation, the applicable legislation and accredited courses for non-medical staff. The Bachelor's thesis has one main objective and five partial ones. The main objective of the thesis is to ascertain the quality of life of paraplegics with intermittent bladder catheterisation. The partial objectives look into the specific needs of paraplegics with intermittent bladder catheterisation in five areas. The first two areas concern their nutritive and health care needs, and excretion needs. Another objective looks into the particularity of sleeping needs, resting needs, and the importance of active movement and exercise. The fourth objective is supposed to map out the matter of self-respect, sexuality, and managing stressful situations. The last objective deals with the importance of life...
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Urinary tract infections caused by Staphylococcus saprophyticus
FORMÁNEK, Karel
This bachelor's thesis deals with infections of urinary tracts caused by Staphylococcus saprophyticus. S. saprophyticus belongs into coagulase-negative staphylococci. It is a cause of uncomplicated urinary tract infection. In theoretical section I focused on genus of Staphylococcus, which belongs into resistant microbes, despite the fact they do not generate spores. Staphylococcus taxonomy has been developed in past four decades, nowadays are known 54 genuses of staphylococci. S. saprophyticus belongs to coagulase-negative staphylococci, it is resistant to novobiocin and it is a producer of enzyme of urease. Practical section was carried out at laboratory of medical microbiology, bacteriological department in local hospital, in České Budějovice, a.s. under the professional supervision. I worked with urinal samples in automatic system HB&L UROQUATTRO. The most frequent method for identification S. saprophyticus is mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF. In every single genus I made sensitivity for antibiotics. Via statistic processing of results I came to a conclusion that capture of S.saprophyticus as a cause of urine tract infection according to gender in year 2013 was occurred at 94,7% of women and 5,3% of men, in year 2014 results were analogous. Age distribution of the biggest capture of patients was between 20-40 years.
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Urinary tract infections in children from the perspective of nursing care.
BUDÍNOVÁ, Eliška
The bachelor thesis is focused on urinary tract infection in children from the perspective of nursing care. Despite the fact that the quality of prevention and nursing care are constantly improving, urinary tract infection continues to rank among one of the most common childhood diseases. For this reason, it is very important to introduce the problems of this disease, familiarization with nursing care of a child and all of its specifics regarding the work of a nurse. The theoretical part deals with the actual disease, urinary tract infection in children, from the anatomy and symptoms to diagnosis and treatment. It also focuses on the work of nurses taking care of a child with a urinary tract infection. In the survey there were two main objectives. The first objective was to map the nursing problems of children with urinary tract infections. The second goal was to determine the principles of nursing care of a child with IMC, both goals were set from the point of view of nurses and parents. The empirical part of the thesis was determined by qualitative research. The used method was non-standardized semi-structured interview. The research sample consisted of 10 respondents. The first half of the respondents consisted of nurses working at a children's hospital and the other half of parents of children with urinary tract infections. During the interviews a method of open coding was used, especially method of pencil and paper. The survey was based on 4 research questions. Research question 1: What are the principles in the context of nursing care of children with urinary tract infections? Research Question 2: What basic knowledge have parents about urinary tract infection? Research Question 3: What nursing problems have children with urinary tract infection? Research Question 4: What knowledge have parents about the nursing care of children? Results of the research showed the most common nursing problems which were further subdivided according to respondents' answers. From the results of interviews of nurses emerged the 3 most common nursing problems. It was an issue of hyperthermia, acute pain and a risk of infection. In relation to this issue the solutions were similar. This mainly involved the administration of analgesics and antipyretics, according to the doctor and compliance with barrier nursing care for prevention of infection.From the interviews with parents emerged the most common problems related to the child. These were mainly pain and hyperthermia. Furthermore, there also appeared a trouble-free urinary tract infection. With this topic were also connected ways of solving the problem, the most frequent response was targeted antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infection. From the research came out principles of nursing care provided to a child with a urinary tract infection. These results are also divided according to respondents' answers. Nurses consistently stated that for a child with a urinary tract infection are not specific policies for nursing care. The care is performed in the same manner as for children with other diseases. The interviews also showed specific procedures in nursing care such as hygiene, medication administration, measurement of body temperature, urine and blood collection, drinking regime and patient enrollment in the documentation, etc. An interesting part is a part about the education of patients and parents. Nurses stated that they don´t educate patient´s parents. Only a doctor does that kind of care. According to the survey majority satisfaction regarding care, education, etc., is obvious from both the nursing staff and the family. However, these results could serve to a partial change especially in improving nursing education. In the future this change could cause even greater satisfaction for patients and their families and reduce the incidence of this disease in children.
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