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Criminal Aspects of Artificial Abortion
Hartmanová, Leona ; Vokoun, Rudolf (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee)
Criminal Aspects of Artificial Abortion This diploma thesis deals with the issue of artificial abortion, especially its criminal aspects. Legal aspects are not the most important aspects of artificial abortion. Social, ethical or ideological aspects are of the same importance but this diploma thesis cannot analyse all of them. The main issue with artificial abortion is whether it is possible to force a pregnant woman to carry a child and give birth to a child when she cannot or does not want to do so, and whether a state can prosecute a pregnant woman or anyone else for interrupting her pregnancy. The thesis is divided into an introduction, seven chapters and conclusion. After a short introduction, the author of this thesis briefly defines the concept of artificial abortion. The following chapter focuses on two ideological groups - pro choice and pro life. The first group prefers mother's right to self-determination. The second group regards a human foetus as a person and considers killing the human foetus as a murder. The third chapter is dedicated to historical development of artificial abortion. The author regards historical development as an important part of this thesis, especially for understanding the current legislation. The fourth chapter analyzes the current legislation, the Abortion Act...
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Reproductive health and induced abortion in Latin America and the Caribbean
Komrsková, Lucie ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Reproductive health and induced abortion in Latin America and the Caribbean Abstract The objective of this study is to give a comprehensive overview of the reproductive health of the population living in Latin America and the Caribbean, and to evaluate the level of induced abortion in the region at the same time. In the theoretical part of the study the term reproductive health is defined and indicators evaluating its level are described. As well the difference between safe and unsafe abortion is explained and the state of abortion law is expounded in this part. Next part is devoted to the promotion of family planning programs. In the analytical part Latin American and Caribbean countries are divided into four groups by using cluster analysis. Within each group one selected country is characterized in more detail. Indicators entering into the analysis show the level of reproductive health, the level of fertility and the economic performance of countries in the early 21st century. In the part related to the induced abortion rate in the region is discovered that despite the fact that in Latin America and the Caribbean there is one of the highest levels of contraceptive prevalence, there is also the highest level of induced abortion in the world. In the last part of the study the relationship between level of...
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Legal aspects of abortion, sterilization and assisted reproduction
Melčová, Barbora ; Šustek, Petr (advisor) ; Salač, Josef (referee)
Název diplomové práce v anglickém jazyce: Legal aspects of abortion, sterilization and assisted reproduction Summary: The thesis deals with the three topics from the field of medical law, particularly abortion, sterilization and assisted reproduction. The issue of giving birth is the key here. The new Special Medical Services Act regulating, inter alia, some aspects of sterilization and assisted reproduction came into effect in April 2012. The previous regulation of these matters was outdated and some legal issues were not tackled at all. The first part of the thesis focuses on legal regulation of abortion, which is contained in the act from 1986 and in the implementing legislation. Especially the conditions of intervention itself, payments and intervention on juveniles (under 18) and foreigners in the Czech Republic are tackled. The regulation of other countries is mentioned and compared as well. The second part of the thesis deals with the legal regulation of sterilization, conditions of sterilization and contraindication as well. The specific problem of illegal sterilizations of gypsy women in the second half of the twentieth century is pointed out. These disputes were present even before the European Court for Human Rights in Strasbourg. The methods of assisted reproduction, as a modern way of resolving...
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Patterns of induced abortion in the Czech Republic, France, Italy, and Sweden
Mistrová, Aneta ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
Goal of this diploma thesis is to present trends of induced abortions attitudes towards abortion in four European countries at the end of 20th century and beginning of 21st century. At first, study mentions definitions and legislations related to induced abortions. Furthemore there is mentioned methodology which is used in this study. In this part issue of international comparison of induced abortion is emphasized. Introduction into matter of induced abortion is provided by next part and it includes continuity with anticonception. Afterthat analysis of induced abortions follows. There is briefly mentioned long-range development in the Czech Republic, France, Italy and Sweden and then scope is dedicated to induced abortion patterns by age of women. These trends are represented by rates and ratios. At the end of this part is mentioned average age of woman at induced abortion. On the basis of international survey European Values Study, was examined public attitude in chosen European countries towards induced abortions. Next to last part is devoted to this topic. At the beginning of this part are used variables and basic hypothesis. Respondent's attitudes are analysed not only by descriptive statistics but also by binary logistic regression and GLM. In conclusion are summarized the main findings of this diploma...
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Regional differentiation of induced abortion rate in the Czech republic
Chválová, Martina ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
Regional differentiation of induced abortion rate in the Czech republic Abstract The goal of the work is to address the issue of induced abortion in the Czech Republic in 2011. The abortion definition and its types, necessary for exact delimitation of the topic, are introduced. Then actual legislation and data gathering of induced abortion are provided. The work focuses on the analysis of regional differentiation of induced abortions in the Czech Republic. The work includes graphs of some statistical indicators of induced abortions in the Czech Republic in 2011. It mainly focuses on pattems of induced abortions in individual regions, according to number of previous live-born babies to mothers who underwent the induced abortion, marital status and education level of these women. Methods of demographic analysis and statistical methods are used (induced abortions to live birth ratios, total induced abortions rate, women's average age at induced abortion). Working hypotheses are presented and consequently verified. Cluster analysis on the regional scale was applied to make the induced abortion patterns more transparent and easier to interpret. The analysis showed that the biggest number of induced abortions is in Central-Bohemia region and in Prague. The highest induced abortion ratio and total induced abortion...
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Protection of a human foetus
Sůvová, Zuzana ; Císařová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Sovová, Olga (referee)
Protection of a human foetus The aim of this thesis is to deal with the protection of the human foetus in the scope of the Czech legal environment as well as in the relation with the international law. The work provides the insight into the specific law areas as constitutional law, criminal law and also private law and deals with the specific rules contended in the single act as the Interruption of the pregnancy act and the new Specific medical services act. The substantial part of the legal discussion is supported by examination of the decisions of the courts both international and national which reflect the protection of human foetus. The thesis focuses on the protection of human foetus in its complexity and shall provide the comparative material which compares the protection of the human foetus within the specific law disciplines. The analysis of single legal problems and issues of the protection of the human foetus is not exhaustive and focuses on the protection and state of the human foetus in specific statutes. The protection of the human foetus represents quite discussable issue which provides a large number of questions to be answered and leads to the discussions which are reflected in this work. The key issue is researched under the actual conditions of the legal system and also with the...
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Induced abortion in developed countries:trends and law
Pachlová, Tereza ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
Induced abortion in developed countries: trends and law Abstract The objective of this study is to give a comprehensive overview of law and trends in induced abortion in developed countries and to analyse and to evaluate patterns, which are typical for selected countries. In the first part, approaches to induced abortion are discussed and development in abortion law is described, in the second part, trends of induced abortion are analysed over time and by age of woman. As a tool, methods of demographic analysis of induced abortion and some statistical methods are applied. Induced abortions from other than health reasons are currently legally permitted in 25 of 28 analysed countries. Significant differences among developed countries not only in quantum of induced abortion but also in the structure of induced abortion by the age of woman were found by the analysis. Besides the law of induced abortions, the most important factor for indicators of induced abortions is prevalence of modern contraception methods. With the spreading difference of their use, the difference among countries in induced abortion decrease. Keywords: induced abortion, law, abortion rate, developed countries
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Abortion in the light of case-law of the European Court of Human Rights
Koubková, Iveta ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (referee)
Thesis: Abortion in the light of case law of European Court of Human Rights This thesis focuses on the legal regulation of abortion in selected European countries in order to find single European standard. It concentrates primarily on issues of assessing violations of particular articles of the Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms by the European Court of Human Rights or former European Commission of Human Rights in relation to specific cases associated with abortion. Abortion means the deliberate termination of pregnancy by means of surgery or administration of drugs to induce abortion. Abortion is a major ethical issue that raises number of discussions and disputes. The complexity of the problem is due to the fact that on the one hand there is the mother's right to freely decide to terminate or continue the pregnancy and on the other hand, there is considerable right of the embryo/foetus to life. The whole text of the thesis is interwoven with finding a balance between these competing interests of women and the unborn child based on my own opinion or the opinion of the international judicial body. It analyzes two main approaches, which are pro-choice approach in favour of women's freedom of choice, and pro- life approach arguing that the foetus has right to life. Both approaches...
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Induced abortion patterns in the Czech Republic
Mistrová, Aneta ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor)
Induced abortion patterns in the Czech Republic One of the objectives of this study is mainly to present trends of induced abortions after 1987, when already the occurence of induced abortions is not influenced (affected) by the restrictive legislative changes. At first, the study is focused on the methodology. Scope in the next part is for induced abortion by age of women, but also according to various differential indicators of abortions. (eg. marital status, education or region). In the end of this chapter is briefly introduced the progression of modern contraceptive immediately related with decrease of intensity of induced abortions. In the next chapter is briefly outlined international comparison, which is difficult due to several circumstances. Another object of this study is to examine attitude of the Czech public towards induced abortions - base on questionnaire. The penultimate chapter is devoted to this topic. There are basic hypothesis given it the introduction of this chapter. In final part is studied public opinion by various criteria (eg. gender, religion or place of residence). In conclusion are summarized the main findings of this study.
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Women in the middle age and in the age of the late adulthood, who were not successful in the effort to have a child.
NEVORALOVÁ, Edita
Bachelor´s work deals with women who are in the age of 38 years old and more who have not got any children nevertheless they always wanted to have some children during their life but they posponed their decision to found the family until the middle age of their life. Some of them have still desire to have their own children and the others are gradually coming to terms with the fact that they will be probably childless. My work will be focused on their life circumstances which did not allow them to found the family. My work will be targeting to founding out some women´s attitudes to parenthood. Then I will also try to describe the demanding situation of the women, who are coming to term with the fact that they will not have a child. The work is divided into the theoratical and practical part. The theoretical part is about the psyche of the women link between some disordres of the infertility, then it is focused on responsible planning of the parenthood, on motivation of parenthood, on the problem of the induced abortion and it is also focused on the possibillity of the arteficial fertilization and adoption. Finally this part is dealing about the change of the life in the family which is in the narrow connection with the phenomenon of singles. After that I will mention the life of women without any children. Practical part is dedicated to qualitative research which is founded on five halfstructured interviewes with the women who are in the age of 38 years old and more who are childless. Then I will use the psychodiagnostic test as a projectative method of research-Chromatic associational experiment from Doc. PhDr. Vadima Ščepichina CSc. My research´s aim is to catch the difficult and demanding situation of the women, who were not succesfull in their effort to be pregnant. The other aim is to found out the causes which lead the women to postpone their decision to found the family until the middle age of their life. What factors influence women to become a parent. Then I would try to find out the role of the stress in the process of the conception and how the women are coping with possible failure to be pregnant.
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