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In vitro models for studying Syncytin-1-induced fusion of trophoblast cells
Jech, Lukáš ; Trejbalová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Zíková, Martina (referee)
Trophoblast cell fusion is essential for human placenta development. Apart from initiating blastocyst implantation, syncytialization is critical for optimal nutrient and gas exchange between mother and fo- etus. Multicellular syncytia called syncytiotrophoblast covers the surface of the branched structure of chorionic villi, which is in direct contact with maternal blood. Impairment of the syncytialization process leads to insufficient fetal nutrition and severe pregnancy complications. Syncytia formation is induced by the interaction of the surface glycoprotein of retrovital origin, Syncytin-1, with its receptor. Despite the significance of these processes, the details of cell fusion and trophoblast differentiation remain unk- nown. Furthermore, because of its uniqueness, the human placenta cannot be covered by animal models. As a result, research into human placental development, especially Syncytin-1-induced trophoblast cell fusion, is limited to in vitro trophoblast models. These models include primary trophoblast cell cultures and trophoblast cell lines, which can be obtained by immortalizing cell cultures or extracted from trophoblast tumours. Dedifferentiated trophoblast stem cell cultures were also established. The most recent approach, however, involves the direct reprogramming of dermal...
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Antitrophoblast cell-mediated immunity /AT-CMI/ in recurrent miscarriage and ectopic pregnacy
Madar, J. ; Kučera, E. ; Šůla, K. ; Chaloupková, A. ; Pěknicová, Jana ; Tolarová, M. ; Nouza, K. ; Kinský, R.
Specific mechanisms operate in decidua nad trophoblast to establish and maintain immunological tolerance of the embryo in mother's uterus. due to the lack of this tolerance, disturbances of pregnancy may result. In this presentation, we have tested the hypothesis that anti-trohhoblast cell-mediated immunity (AT-CMI) is elevated in habitually aborting women and that extra-uterine localisation of the embryo leads to subsequent elevation of AT-CMI.
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