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The deficit of children skeletal remains in European cemeteries
Vejnarová, Rebeka ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Brzobohatá, Hana (referee)
This bachelor thesis seeks explanations for the deficit of juvenile skeletons on cemeteries of past populations. First we briefly describe the process of extinction of human populations in which the distinction between today's developed and developing countries is made. It is the age-specific mortality rate in developing countries, in particular the level of child mortality, which is very close to the mortality pattern of past pre-industrial populations. Then the research methods of child mortality in the past are outlined including their problems and obstacles. Subsequently, the causes which led to higher child mortality rate in the past are stated and the probable values of child mortality are found out from the available literature which uses the above mentioned methods. Particular attention is paid to the representation of children skeletal remains in cemeteries. Comparing the empirical number of children from twelve Central European cemeteries with theoretical values indicated that especially the youngest children are under-represented. Therefore, the thesis focuses on the explanation of this phenomenon by biological, cultural and methodological factors. On the basis of available data we conclude that the biological and physicochemical properties of child bones lead to poorer preservation of these...
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Changes in the external surfaces on the lower limb bones caused by taphonomic factors: Pohansko, 2nd church
Vitnerová, Tereza ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Pankowská, Anna (referee)
Changes in the external surfaces on the lower limb bones can be caused by various taphonomic factors. It is important for our work how these changes will affects. The aim of the work was to process and subsequently evaluate the changes in the external surfaces on the lower limb bones. For analyses we chose set of adults from 2nd church burial ground Pohansko near Břeclav, we chose specifically braid of the lower limbs (cingulum membri inferioris) and free lower limb (pars libera membri inferioris). We wrote down taphonomic changes into prepared protocols, changes were typologically about damages and color changes. We used programs InkScape and AdobePhotoshop to transform paper protocols into digital form. Heat maps are outputs from this programms through them we are able to see incidence rate of individual changes. We most often detected the occurrence of an orange color on the bones of the lower limbs, so we focused on its cause. We found an increased content of silicon and aluminum in its chemical composition, so we assume that it could be an aluminosilicate weathering product. Key words: Pohansko, taphonomy, taphonomic factors, bone surface, lower limb
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The deficit of children skeletal remains in European cemeteries
Vejnarová, Rebeka ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Brzobohatá, Hana (referee)
This bachelor thesis seeks explanations for the deficit of juvenile skeletons on cemeteries of past populations. First we briefly describe the process of extinction of human populations in which the distinction between today's developed and developing countries is made. It is the age-specific mortality rate in developing countries, in particular the level of child mortality, which is very close to the mortality pattern of past pre-industrial populations. Then the research methods of child mortality in the past are outlined including their problems and obstacles. Subsequently, the causes which led to higher child mortality rate in the past are stated and the probable values of child mortality are found out from the available literature which uses the above mentioned methods. Particular attention is paid to the representation of children skeletal remains in cemeteries. Comparing the empirical number of children from twelve Central European cemeteries with theoretical values indicated that especially the youngest children are under-represented. Therefore, the thesis focuses on the explanation of this phenomenon by biological, cultural and methodological factors. On the basis of available data we conclude that the biological and physicochemical properties of child bones lead to poorer preservation of these...
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Influence of taphonomic factors on bone and dental tissue degradation.
Lichnerová, Katarína ; Eliášová, Hana (advisor) ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee)
Post-mortem decomposition of skeletal remains is a response to the interactive effects of abiotic and biotic environmental factors (eg. climatic factors, the nature of the soil, the influence of water, microorganisms, plants, animals, humans). The present work deals with the effects of the taphonomic factors on skeletal and dental material. Only marginally affects the degradation of soft tissue. It describes changes in the integrity of the skeletal remains deposited on the surface or in the soil. Also discusses the extreme conditions that may be expose bones and teeth in connection with cannibalism or suppression of identity of the individual. Emphasises the importance of the knowledge of taphonomy tissues of the body in the context of archaeology and forensic anthropology.
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