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Tracing Microendolithic Ichnocenoses: A paleoecological and taphonomic approach over the Phanerozoic
Herenio Kerkhoff, Marta Leticia ; Holcová, Katarína (advisor) ; Skupien, Petr (referee) ; Soták, Ján (referee)
The microbial endoliths study from the Western Carpathians region was a semi-quantitative survey that included six sampling localities. Samples, ranging from Upper Oligocene to Miocene (Serravalian), came from three localities in Czechia (Mikulov, LOM-1 and Hevlín), two in Slovakia (DNV and LKŠ) and one place in Hungary (Tard Clays, Rozalia Quarry). The main goal of this project was to verify how different levels of hypoxia, established for studied intervals, would affect the microendolilthic assemblages present in tests of benthic foraminifera. Additionally, microbial activity and byproducts, and the overall interplay between bioerosion and bioprecipitation are also analysed. The degree of hypoxy was established using ratio of oxic/dysoxic and hypoxic foraminifera, defined as Benthic Foraminifera Oxygen Index (BFOi) Sampled index shows a predominance of dysoxic indicators, with rare oxic elements. Secondary electron elemental analysis (EDX) reveals a significant enrichment of sulphur, phosphorus and iron in biofilm samples from DNV and Hevlín, when compared to the rock matrix surrounding it. Resin casts reveal a predominance of Dysphotic to Deep Euphotic zones ichnocenosis, with a predominance of Chlorophyte, Rodophyte and heterotroph burrows. Few representatives of Cyanobacteria traces, such as...
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The Neolithic settlement area of Praha-Krč, Společenská zahrada. Spatial organization of settlement area with rondel enclosures and the issue of formative processes
VONDROVSKÝ, Václav
The thesis presents an evaluation of the Neolithic settlement area with two rondel enclosures which was excavated in the year 2001 during the salvage campaign at the Společenská zahrada site in Praha-Krč. Taphonomic processes which formed assemblages of settlement pits, rondel ditches and settlement layers were identified on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of all main categories of artefacts and ecofacts. These pieces of knowledge concerning the integrity of finding assemblages are used as a starting point for following investigations. Conventional relative chronology of the settlement area is accompanied by probability modelling of radiocarbon dates obtained particularly from ditches of both rondels. The results point to the contemporaneous use of both rondels and allow to set more precise absolute chronology of Neolithic rondels in central Europe. Spatial analysis presents possibilities and limits for the identification of particular domestic activities and refuse deposits within the archaeological record of settlement area. In the final part, the meaning of rondels for symbolic competition of Neolithic communities organised on the principle of translocality is discussed.
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"Small carbonaceous fossils (SCFs)": state of art
Kovář, Vojtěch ; Fatka, Oldřich (advisor) ; Dašková, Jiřina (referee)
The thesis deals with the problematics of Small Carbonaceous Fossils (SCF). In the first part of the thesis the term SCF is defined and the presentation of the main palynological approaches used for extraction of SCFs follows, together with an explanation of preservation processes of non-biomineralized organic structures in sediments. The explanation of significance for palaeontology and related disciplines is discussed. The main part of the thesis constitutes of descriptions of the individual published SCFs from the late Ediacaran up to the Devonian, together with stratigraphic context and lithology of the published material. The list of taxa, that were possible to identify among obtained SCF material, is included. All the localities of Phanerozoic age are further plotted into paleogeographic maps corresponding with the appropriate periods. The broad scope of SCF's paleogeographic provenance and the possibility of extraction of SCF from a wide spectrum of lithologies, deposited in various sedimentary environments is discussed and the potential of further studies of SCFs is outlined. Key words: organic microfossils and macrofossils, early Paleozoic, taphonomy, palynological preparation methods
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Semiquantitative study of the fossil association of the Dobrotivá Formation (Ordovician, Prague Basin) in Ejpovice
Luptáková, Monika ; Kraft, Petr (advisor) ; Mergl, Michal (referee)
The master thesis is focused on the semiquantitative study of the fossil association of the stratigraphically lowest layer No. 3 from the channel sample from the Ejpovice locality, where in the southern bank of the flooded quarry, the Dobrotivá Formation of the Ordovician of the Prague Basin is exposed in the thickness of several meters. The thesis briefly summarizes basic knowledge about the fossil associations of the Dobrotivá Formation, its lithology, stratigraphy and previous paleontological research at studied locality. Paleoecology of the fauna recorded in studied material is described. The main part of the thesis is focused on the taphonomy and associations of the fossils recorded in studied material. In the final part of the thesis, the overall fossil association is characterized depending on the paleoecology and taphonomy of preserved fossils, and the model of the paleoenvironment at the Ejpovice locality is discussed. Based on the lithology and studied fossil associations, it is assumed that a dysoxic environment with episodic currents prevailed in the Ejpovice locality. The fauna is species-depleted and taxa typical of the Dobrotivá Formation are rare. The fauna is mainly allochtonous and most of the organisms are considered as postmortal accumulations in this study. Key words:...
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Nautiloidea of Upper Cretaceous epicontinental seas in Europe
Frank, Jiří
The post-Triassic Nautiloidea are not as popular theme within fossils cephalopods research as for example ammonites. They are not very abundant in the fossil records except some rare localities and areas, their morphology is quite conservative and due to the usually poor preservation, their determination and assigning to the species even to genera level is often complicated. Exceptional are taxa with very specific morphology and short stratigraphic and endemic occurrence, which are even suitable for biostratigraphic interpretations. Problematic is also the often poor taxonomical representation of the type material and revision of many taxa is needed. Still nautilids are often represented by reasonable amount in the paleontological collections of natural history museums due to the long history of fossils collecting. Also the scientific literature has been dedicating at least some space to this group since 19 century. The aim of this study is to create an overview about the post- Triassic, especially Upper Cretaceous nautiolidea in the European region of epicontinental seas and prepare a good basement for extensive study of this group. Due to this aim the study is primarily focused on determination of morphological features and also problematic with their interpretation according to the variable...
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Changes in the external surfaces on the lower limb bones caused by taphonomic factors: Pohansko, 2nd church
Vitnerová, Tereza ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Pankowská, Anna (referee)
Changes in the external surfaces on the lower limb bones can be caused by various taphonomic factors. It is important for our work how these changes will affects. The aim of the work was to process and subsequently evaluate the changes in the external surfaces on the lower limb bones. For analyses we chose set of adults from 2nd church burial ground Pohansko near Břeclav, we chose specifically braid of the lower limbs (cingulum membri inferioris) and free lower limb (pars libera membri inferioris). We wrote down taphonomic changes into prepared protocols, changes were typologically about damages and color changes. We used programs InkScape and AdobePhotoshop to transform paper protocols into digital form. Heat maps are outputs from this programms through them we are able to see incidence rate of individual changes. We most often detected the occurrence of an orange color on the bones of the lower limbs, so we focused on its cause. We found an increased content of silicon and aluminum in its chemical composition, so we assume that it could be an aluminosilicate weathering product. Key words: Pohansko, taphonomy, taphonomic factors, bone surface, lower limb
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"Small carbonaceous fossils (SCFs)": state of art
Kovář, Vojtěch ; Fatka, Oldřich (advisor) ; Dašková, Jiřina (referee)
The thesis deals with the problematics of Small Carbonaceous Fossils (SCF). In the first part of the thesis the term SCF is defined and the presentation of the main palynological approaches used for extraction of SCFs follows, together with an explanation of preservation processes of non-biomineralized organic structures in sediments. The explanation of significance for palaeontology and related disciplines is discussed. The main part of the thesis constitutes of descriptions of the individual published SCFs from the late Ediacaran up to the Devonian, together with stratigraphic context and lithology of the published material. The list of taxa, that were possible to identify among obtained SCF material, is included. All the localities of Phanerozoic age are further plotted into paleogeographic maps corresponding with the appropriate periods. The broad scope of SCF's paleogeographic provenance and the possibility of extraction of SCF from a wide spectrum of lithologies, deposited in various sedimentary environments is discussed and the potential of further studies of SCFs is outlined. Key words: organic microfossils and macrofossils, early Paleozoic, taphonomy, palynological preparation methods
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Nautiloidea of Upper Cretaceous epicontinental seas in Europe
Frank, Jiří
The post-Triassic Nautiloidea are not as popular theme within fossils cephalopods research as for example ammonites. They are not very abundant in the fossil records except some rare localities and areas, their morphology is quite conservative and due to the usually poor preservation, their determination and assigning to the species even to genera level is often complicated. Exceptional are taxa with very specific morphology and short stratigraphic and endemic occurrence, which are even suitable for biostratigraphic interpretations. Problematic is also the often poor taxonomical representation of the type material and revision of many taxa is needed. Still nautilids are often represented by reasonable amount in the paleontological collections of natural history museums due to the long history of fossils collecting. Also the scientific literature has been dedicating at least some space to this group since 19 century. The aim of this study is to create an overview about the post- Triassic, especially Upper Cretaceous nautiolidea in the European region of epicontinental seas and prepare a good basement for extensive study of this group. Due to this aim the study is primarily focused on determination of morphological features and also problematic with their interpretation according to the variable...
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Nautiloidea of Upper Cretaceous epicontinental seas in Europe
Frank, Jiří ; Košťák, Martin (advisor) ; Turek, Vojtěch (referee) ; Schlögl, Ján (referee)
The post-Triassic Nautiloidea are not as popular theme within fossils cephalopods research as for example ammonites. They are not very abundant in the fossil records except some rare localities and areas, their morphology is quite conservative and due to the usually poor preservation, their determination and assigning to the species even to genera level is often complicated. Exceptional are taxa with very specific morphology and short stratigraphic and endemic occurrence, which are even suitable for biostratigraphic interpretations. Problematic is also the often poor taxonomical representation of the type material and revision of many taxa is needed. Still nautilids are often represented by reasonable amount in the paleontological collections of natural history museums due to the long history of fossils collecting. Also the scientific literature has been dedicating at least some space to this group since 19 century. The aim of this study is to create an overview about the post- Triassic, especially Upper Cretaceous nautiolidea in the European region of epicontinental seas and prepare a good basement for extensive study of this group. Due to this aim the study is primarily focused on determination of morphological features and also problematic with their interpretation according to the variable...
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Vampires and Vampirism in archaeological publications in terms of taphonomy and forensic anthropology.
Drahošová, Michala ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Velemínský, Petr (referee)
The topic of vampires and vampirism raises a deep interest among literary authors, readers, the media, and the general public. This topic is also very important from the historical and archaeological point of view, such as when anti-vampiric measures used to be taken on dead bodies in the past. Lately, this topic has become a phenomenon in the interpretation of atypical funeral rites. This thesis deals with some archaeological cases that are interpreted as vampiric funerals. It is extremely important to make a taphonomic analysis, get high quality pictures, and photographic documentation of the particular situation for a non-standard and correct interpretation of the funeral. The knowledge of taphonomy, archeotanatologie and forensic anthropology allow for an explanation of some of the reported anti-vampiric measures in many of these cases. However, it is often difficult or even impossible to trace the detailed documentation of the published vampiric burials. Natural decay and geological processes play an important role in the interpretation of these causes, as well. Non-standard funerals can exist but, as this thesis concludes, it would be a mistake to immediately identify any atypical findings as a vampire without further examination and taphonomic analysis. It is important to revise old...
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