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Proverbs as a source of economic wisdom
Ambrožová, Monika ; Špecián, Petr (advisor) ; Máslo, Lukáš (referee)
In this bachelor thesis, I identify understanding of economic processes in folk proverbs. I judge folk proverbs from point of effectivity and their resemblance of reality. Effective rules should lead to desired purpose with low decision cost. I show that folk proverbs can be considered as representations of Hayek's spontaneous order. Prescriptive proverbs which are not contradicted by other proverbs are economically effective while descriptive proverbs criticize insufficiency of folk economics. These descriptive proverbs are consistent with observations of behavioural economy. Proverbs point out constant errors in human thinking. Folk proverbs contain a lot of economic wisdom and are thus appropriate area of interest for economists. I show that proverbial economics is rational and effective system as opposed to folk economics. With my thesis I contribute to study of proverbial economics which is almost unexplored.
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Anti-ekonomie: vnímání organizace a spontánního řádu a jeho důsledky pro hospodářskou politiku
Ábelovský, Adam ; Pfeifer, Lukáš (advisor) ; Misic, Viktorija (referee)
Anti-economics is a fundamental critique of rationality in economics based in misconception of organization and spontaneous order. Some of the anti-economics is based in Folk Economics, mostly laymen. Economists also tend to be wrong when analyzing basic principles of neoclassical economics. These results are not persuasive. Complex character of the human mind - explored through Folk Economics, bounded rationality and Hayek's The Sensory Order -- transfers itself to the study of social phenomena and brings the need for use of subjective or ecological rationality. In the perception of objective rationality there is no incentive for learning and that is in contradiction with Hayek's theory of mind. Neoclassical economics might find common ground with subjective theory of mind in the fields of experimental economics, e.g. neuroeconomics. Hayekian approach to rationality enforces constraints to government and bottom up rules to be maintained.
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The Legacy of Frédéric Bastiat
Chudoba, Matěj ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Pavlík, Ján (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with economic thought of Frédéric Bastiat; his complete work and fundamental ideas are introduced to readers. The biggest attention is paid to the "broken-window fallacy", e.g. preferring just immediate effects caused by a state intervention, and neglecting those long-term ones. The thesis presents a couple of examples of the impossibility to create even a single job vacancy by a state redistribution; the state only re-directs jobs from a private sector to the public one. The thesis follows up Bastiat's critic of protectionism and also demonstrates how a free international trade is veiled with a number of economic myths. Nor Bastiat's contribution in the domain of a spontaneous order and its difference from an artificially created socialist system is omitted. The aim of this work is not only to sum up his economic thinking but also to prove that his non-orthodox thoughts can be considered to be of a benefit for modern economics.
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Entropic Degeneration of Democracy
Bernat, Lukáš ; Pavlík, Ján (advisor) ; Šalamon, Tomáš (referee)
Democracy is always included in the discourse ?ver the theme of freedom and it is almost always considered an integral part of social order. In this context, it is a balance between freedom and power. Such discourses, however, view democracy as a political ideal and the real applications often run into democratic influences and social barriers of degenerative nature. These barriers leave nothing but the torso under the formal guise of democratic principles. This thesis unravels the influences and barriers that interfere with the application of the ideal of democracy. In this context, the technological development with which the dynamics of both social and political order changes, cannot be ignored. Based on the pieces of information about what kind of threat the degenerative effects of democracy represent, the thesis searches for such attributes, on the basis of which it is possible to construct a model of the entropic degeneration of democracy.
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The invisible hand of market: Adam Smith and G. W. F. Hegel
Krištofóry, Tomáš ; Pavlík, Ján (advisor) ; Lipka, David (referee)
Hayek's interpretation of Smith's invisible hand as a metaphor for the theory of spontaneous order still holds as the only authentic interpretation of that famous phrase, despite all criticism. Although not many authors noticed it, Hegel was a theorist of spontaneous order, namely also a theorist of the spontaneous order of market economy. There is evidence that Hegel followed here Adam Smith's teachings about the invisible hand. The invisible hand is present in Hegel's writings as an element, from what sprang his theory of spirit. That means that his theory of spirit is a general theory of spontaneous order, although written in metaphysical manner. However, being a theorist of spontaneous order didn't prevent him from being an interventionist. He was led to interventionism by his synoptic fallacy of mind. He never tried to apply this fallacy on the studies of the market economy. Marxists did that. Some of recent scholars (Sciabarra, Johnson, and Cristi) identified Hegel's theory of spontaneous order, but their interpretation wasn't perfectly in accordance with Hegel's texts. How these authors denied Popper's and Hayek's incorrect opinion that Hegel was a totalitarian, thus it is needed to enrich studies of mentioned current scholars. Here it is taken into account only what Hegel wrote, not later authors about him. This thesis is also an attempt to evaluate the history of economic thought from the standpoint of Smith's and Hegel's methodology.
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Economic Aspects of Information Systems
Nohejl, Jiří ; Rosický, Antonín (advisor) ; PhDr. Ing. Pavlíček, Antonín (referee) ; Ing.Antonín Pvlíček, PhDr., (referee)
Práce sleduje ekonomický pohled na informační systémy, informace a znalosti. Ekonomický pohled je uvažován v kontextu praxeologie, širší vědy o lidském jednání. Práce využívá koncept rozptýlené znalosti a spontánního řádu, které jsou klíčovými prvky pohledu na společenské jevy u rakouského ekonoma Friedricha Augusta von Hayeka. Z tohoto pohledu jsou diskutovány otázky týkající se subjektivní povahy informace a individuálních znalostí, stejně tak jako širší pohled na informační systémy, expertní systémy a tyto změny popisující pojmy jakými jsou informační společnost a informační a znalostní ekonomika. Pro pochopení těchto jevů je nezbytné uvažovat o informačních systémech ne jako o technologickém, ale jako o společenském jevu.
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