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Drivers of ectomycorrhizal fungal species richness on large spatial scales
Petr, Andrej ; Kohout, Petr (advisor) ; Šímová, Irena (referee)
Ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi form mutualistic relationships with some woody gymnosperms and angiosperms that play an important role in the functioning of most terrestrial ecosystems. Using enzymes capable of sequestering nitrogen and phosphorus from complex organic compounds, EcM fungi make these elements available to their host plants, which in turn provide them with the carbon compounds on which EcM fungi are vitally dependent. However, different species of EcM fungi differ from each other in their ability to sequester nitrogen and phosphorus from organic compounds, as well as in their carbon requirements from plants. The importance of the EcM symbiosis for the ecosystem therefore depends on the species richness of the EcM fungi, which is influenced at large spatial scales by a number of interacting factors, in particular the density and diversity of host plants, climate and soil properties. As EcM fungi generally exhibit low host preference, the density of host vegetation and the associated higher nutrient availability for EcM fungi has a greater influence on their species richness on a global scale than the phylogenetic diversity of host plants. In addition to these environmental factors, however, the distribution of EcM fungi is strongly related to their biogeographic history. In the context of...
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Diversity of European freshwater cyclopoid species: phylogeny, morphology and ecology
Krajíček, Martin ; Černý, Martin (advisor) ; Brancelj, Anton (referee) ; Wyngaard, Grace (referee)
Cyclopoids are together with Calanoids and Harpacticoids a part of the largest, very diverse group of crustaceans and the most numerous aquatic metazoans of the world. The history of their research goes as far back as to the beginning of 19th century when the first cyclopoid copepods were described. The taxonomy of cyclopoids started to develop gradually since that time, adding new and more detailed methods and morphological characters, as well as a certain degree of taxonomical confusion. In last decades, the molecular-genetic techniques of DNA sequencing have become available offering a new independent tool for taxonomists. This work contains different studies concerning the morphology, taxonomy, ecology, distribution and colonisation of cyclopoid copepods, with the use of molecular tools as a uniting element. Chapter 1 of this thesis summarizes basic knowledge about the taxonomy, morphology and biology of cyclopoid copepods and introduces the following chapters containing four studies presented as single publications. The taxonomy of copepods of the genus Cyclops is based mainly on the morphology which is sometimes ambivalent and some of the most problematic species groups are presented here. Chapter 2 presents our unique results, the first reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships among 15...
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Microclimate as a driver of species distribution and community composition of bryophytes compared with lichens
Růžičková, Anna ; Man, Matěj (advisor) ; Starosta, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the influence of microclimate on species distribution and composition of bryophyte and lichen communities. It defines the term microclimate, characterizes the specific properties of bryophytes responsible for their sensitivity to microclimatic conditions and includes a comparison of the role of individual microclimatic factors in controlling the distribution of bryophytes and lichens. The key microclimatic factors for bryophytes are humidity and air temperature, but the significance of each varies between functional groups of species and depending on the type of biome. With the available portable measuring devices with large battery capacity and memory storage, it is now possible to measure in-situ microclimate for the long-term and also with high spatial and temporal resolution. Despite that, there are currently only 12 bryological studies that provide continuously measured field microclimatic data on small spatial scales. The main part of the thesis summarizes these studies and compares the methodologies used. The paper can serve as a starting material for designing bryological microclimatic studies.
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Diversity of European freshwater cyclopoid species: phylogeny, morphology and ecology
Krajíček, Martin
Cyclopoids are together with Calanoids and Harpacticoids a part of the largest, very diverse group of crustaceans and the most numerous aquatic metazoans of the world. The history of their research goes as far back as to the beginning of 19th century when the first cyclopoid copepods were described. The taxonomy of cyclopoids started to develop gradually since that time, adding new and more detailed methods and morphological characters, as well as a certain degree of taxonomical confusion. In last decades, the molecular-genetic techniques of DNA sequencing have become available offering a new independent tool for taxonomists. This work contains different studies concerning the morphology, taxonomy, ecology, distribution and colonisation of cyclopoid copepods, with the use of molecular tools as a uniting element. Chapter 1 of this thesis summarizes basic knowledge about the taxonomy, morphology and biology of cyclopoid copepods and introduces the following chapters containing four studies presented as single publications. The taxonomy of copepods of the genus Cyclops is based mainly on the morphology which is sometimes ambivalent and some of the most problematic species groups are presented here. Chapter 2 presents our unique results, the first reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships among 15...
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Microclimate as a driver of species distribution and community composition of bryophytes compared with lichens
Růžičková, Anna ; Man, Matěj (advisor) ; Starosta, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the influence of microclimate on species distribution and composition of bryophyte and lichen communities. It defines the term microclimate, characterizes the specific properties of bryophytes responsible for their sensitivity to microclimatic conditions and includes a comparison of the role of individual microclimatic factors in controlling the distribution of bryophytes and lichens. The key microclimatic factors for bryophytes are humidity and air temperature, but the significance of each varies between functional groups of species and depending on the type of biome. With the available portable measuring devices with large battery capacity and memory storage, it is now possible to measure in-situ microclimate for the long-term and also with high spatial and temporal resolution. Despite that, there are currently only 12 bryological studies that provide continuously measured field microclimatic data on small spatial scales. The main part of the thesis summarizes these studies and compares the methodologies used. The paper can serve as a starting material for designing bryological microclimatic studies.
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Diversity of European freshwater cyclopoid species: phylogeny, morphology and ecology
Krajíček, Martin
Cyclopoids are together with Calanoids and Harpacticoids a part of the largest, very diverse group of crustaceans and the most numerous aquatic metazoans of the world. The history of their research goes as far back as to the beginning of 19th century when the first cyclopoid copepods were described. The taxonomy of cyclopoids started to develop gradually since that time, adding new and more detailed methods and morphological characters, as well as a certain degree of taxonomical confusion. In last decades, the molecular-genetic techniques of DNA sequencing have become available offering a new independent tool for taxonomists. This work contains different studies concerning the morphology, taxonomy, ecology, distribution and colonisation of cyclopoid copepods, with the use of molecular tools as a uniting element. Chapter 1 of this thesis summarizes basic knowledge about the taxonomy, morphology and biology of cyclopoid copepods and introduces the following chapters containing four studies presented as single publications. The taxonomy of copepods of the genus Cyclops is based mainly on the morphology which is sometimes ambivalent and some of the most problematic species groups are presented here. Chapter 2 presents our unique results, the first reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships among 15...
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Diversity of European freshwater cyclopoid species: phylogeny, morphology and ecology
Krajíček, Martin ; Černý, Martin (advisor) ; Brancelj, Anton (referee) ; Wyngaard, Grace (referee)
Cyclopoids are together with Calanoids and Harpacticoids a part of the largest, very diverse group of crustaceans and the most numerous aquatic metazoans of the world. The history of their research goes as far back as to the beginning of 19th century when the first cyclopoid copepods were described. The taxonomy of cyclopoids started to develop gradually since that time, adding new and more detailed methods and morphological characters, as well as a certain degree of taxonomical confusion. In last decades, the molecular-genetic techniques of DNA sequencing have become available offering a new independent tool for taxonomists. This work contains different studies concerning the morphology, taxonomy, ecology, distribution and colonisation of cyclopoid copepods, with the use of molecular tools as a uniting element. Chapter 1 of this thesis summarizes basic knowledge about the taxonomy, morphology and biology of cyclopoid copepods and introduces the following chapters containing four studies presented as single publications. The taxonomy of copepods of the genus Cyclops is based mainly on the morphology which is sometimes ambivalent and some of the most problematic species groups are presented here. Chapter 2 presents our unique results, the first reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships among 15...
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