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Manipulation techniques in multi-level marketing
Staňková, Tereza ; Kollerová, Lenka (advisor) ; Machovcová, Kateřina (referee)
The thesis focuses on psychological manipulation used in recruitment in multi-level marketing companies. Despite the fact that multi-level marketing companies often use unethical practices and pose (not only) a financial risk, the number of their members has been growing steadily in the Czech Republic. They are particularly dangerous to vulnerable groups, including mothers on parental leave, the unemployed and students. However, the topic has not yet been sufficiently researched and thus lacks the theoretical foundation for developing a strategy to prevent the harmful effects of multi-level marketing. The aim of the thesis is to describe the recruitment process of multi-level marketing companies that operate in the Czech Republic, as well as the manipulation techniques they use. In order to meet the aim of the thesis, the participant observation method was used to observe the recruitment process of three selected multi-level marketing companies - Amway, Herbalife and Nu Skin. In addition to the observation, documents provided by the companies were collected. The results presented in this thesis can serve as a basis for educational practice to raise awareness of the issue of psychological manipulation in multi-level marketing companies and to design prevention strategies. The thesis is structured...
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Voluntary Abstinence in Connection with the Influence of Social Environment
Běhounková, Anežka ; Pospíšilová, Marie (advisor) ; Čížek, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of the thesis "Voluntary abstinence in connection with the influence of the social environment" is to study the motivations of late adolescents that lead to refuse alcohol consumption. The work is also focused on the perceived role of social environment in this type of abstinence. Background consists of texts relating to the conformity and the influence of social environment, research and statistics that demonstrate the atmosphere of the environment in which the volunteer drinkers live. The research is based on interviews with eight college students who were interviewed using semi-structured interview method. The interviews are focused on how informants perceived attitudes towards alcohol consumption in their family, among their peers and friends, as well on what impression they have of the society's attitude to alcohol. Part of the dialogue is also the voluntary abstainers' point of view on how the social environment reflects them. Last but not least are mentioned the reasons for abstinence. The analysis has revealed that respondents do not consider their family to have a direct influence on their abstinence. Family members do help to construct a structure of what can be considered as normal in the alcohol consumption. Consequently, the informants have very skeptical attitude towards...
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Meat or Salad? Effect of Dynamic Norms on Preference for Meatless Meals
Weikertová, Štěpánka ; Urban, Jan (advisor) ; Soukup, Petr (referee)
The food choices we make every day have a great impact on our environment. Particularly meat consumption significantly contributes to global climate change. Although the current situation calls for a change towards more sustainable diet, meat consumption is still rising. Previous research show that dynamic social norms, i.e. information about ongoing collective behavioral change, can promote pro- environmental behavior, even in the context of meat consumption. Through two pre- registered online experimental studies conducted on a sample of university students (Study 1, N = 227) and on a sample of adult Czech population (Study 2, N = 462), this thesis examines whether dynamic norm message regarding the changing trends in meat consumption can influence intentions to consume less meat. We did not find any direct or total effect of dynamic norms on the preference for meatless meals. Mediation analysis only revealed rather weak indirect effect of dynamic norms on the preference for meatless meals mediated by perceived dynamic norms. In Study 2, we further examined whether the effect of dynamic norm message is conditioned by strength of the dynamic norms (effect of stronger vs weaker dynamic norm) and whether the provision of dynamic norm information triggers self-defense mechanisms which rationalize...
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Voluntary Abstinence in Connection with the Influence of Social Environment
Běhounková, Anežka ; Pospíšilová, Marie (advisor) ; Čížek, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of the thesis "Voluntary abstinence in connection with the influence of the social environment" is to study the motivations of late adolescents that lead to refuse alcohol consumption. The work is also focused on the perceived role of social environment in this type of abstinence. Background consists of texts relating to the conformity and the influence of social environment, research and statistics that demonstrate the atmosphere of the environment in which the volunteer drinkers live. The research is based on interviews with eight college students who were interviewed using semi-structured interview method. The interviews are focused on how informants perceived attitudes towards alcohol consumption in their family, among their peers and friends, as well on what impression they have of the society's attitude to alcohol. Part of the dialogue is also the voluntary abstainers' point of view on how the social environment reflects them. Last but not least are mentioned the reasons for abstinence. The analysis has revealed that respondents do not consider their family to have a direct influence on their abstinence. Family members do help to construct a structure of what can be considered as normal in the alcohol consumption. Consequently, the informants have very skeptical attitude towards...
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Psychological Context of Volunteer Fire Departments
SCHIMOVÁ, Martina
The thesis Psychological Context of Volunteer Fire Departments deals with motivation and inducement of individuals both to become members of a volunteer fire department (hereinafter VFD) and to carry on doing this voluntary activity. It discusses how a VFD membership affects values and attitudes of its members and it also deals with attitudes towards women members of VFDs. The thesis consists of two parts, theoretical and practical. Chapter One of the theoretical part specifies the conception of volunteering. Chapter Two discusses the conception of motivation and deals with motivation of volunteers. Other chapters dwell on values, interests and social impact of a VDF membership. In the practical part of the thesis the methods of qualitative research are described and the results of the research are presented.
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