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The role of plant root exudates for soil carbon sequestration
Bourdais, Lukáš ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Tylová, Edita (referee)
Global climate change is a process that affects us all today and will continue to affect us with increasing intensity in the future. An important way to reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is the sequestration of carbon in pools other than the atmosphere, primarily in the soil pool. One way to achieve this is by increasing the carbon sequestration into the soil biomass using root exudates. Root exudates are released by plant roots into the soil to be beneficial to the plant and are also a good source of carbon for the rhizosphere (the soil in the immediate vicinity of the root system affected by its exudates). The rhizosphere is thus a suitable environment for microorganisms that play a major role in the soil carbon sequestration. In this thesis, I describe the composition and the role of root exudates for the plant, the importance of root border cells and border-like cells, the importance of exuded carbon coumpounds for microorganisms in the soil and their importance for carbon sequestration and CO2 mineralization in the soil. The role of root exudates and microorganisms in the soil carbon cycle is discussed with an emphasis on mineral-associated soil organic carbon and soil aggregates. This thesis also discusses the role of exudates for the rhizosphere priming effect and its...
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Dissolved and gaseous nitrogen losses in forests controlled by soil nutrient stoichiometry
Oulehle, Filip ; Chuman, T. ; Hruška, Jakub ; Krám, Pavel ; Navrátil, Tomáš ; Tesař, Miroslav ; Ač, Alexander ; Urban, Otmar
This study investigates the consequences of chronic nitrogen deposition in forests, including its effects on soil and surface water quality, and greenhouse gas emissions. To predict these effects, the authors explore the controls over dissolved and gaseous nitrogen fluxes in temperate forests. Their findings indicate that stream leaching losses of dissolved nitrogen correspond with the nutrient stoichiometry\nof the forest floor, with stream N losses increasing as ecosystems progress towards phosphorus limitation. Soil nitrogen storage increases with oxalate extractable iron and aluminium content. The authors estimate soil gaseous losses based on 15 N stocks, which averaged 2.5±2.2 kg N ha-1 year-1 , comprising 20±14% of total nitrogen deposition. They also extrapolate the current gaseous nitrogen loss flux from forests globally to be 8.9 Tg N year-1 , which represents 39% of current nitrogen deposition to forests worldwide.
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Soil carbon sequestration: ways and potential
Valentová, Mariana ; Vindušková, Olga (advisor) ; Bartuška, Martin (referee)
By choosing appropriate practices, carbon can be stored in the soil as a means of mitigating (mitigating) climate change. The paper clearly summarize our current understanding of the principles (e.g., soil organic matter, level of C saturation) anf factors (e.g., parent rocks, climate, human) influencing the potential of soils to sequester carbon and its importance in terms of implemeting effective mitigation measures. This is followed by an introduction of method for estimating the carbon sequestration capacity of soils and its relevance to sequestration potential is discussed. The main focus of the paper is the comparison of the land use changes (e.g., forest or peatlands restoration) and land management (e.g., use of crops rotation, no-till agriculture) that can achieve soil carbon sequestration, including the quantitative estimates of their sequestration potential. Finally, there is summary of the estimates of global sequestration potential of soils. Key words: carbon, soil, sequestration, mitigation, climate change, land-use, soil capacity
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Sequestration of soil organic matter in broadleaf and coniferous forests in soil at various stages of pedogenesis
Hüblová, Lucie ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Vindušková, Olga (referee)
Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important component of the soil. SOM is responsible for availability of nutrients for plants and soil organisms, formation of soil structure and soils water-holding capacity. SOM is made up of organic matter (OM) of plant and animal origin at various stages of decomposition. SOM can be divided into several components called fractions. Fractions differ between each other in their resistance against decomposition. Main SOM fractions are: (1) free floating particulate organic matter (FPOM) and (2) OM bound to soil mineral surfaces in various ways (MAOM) - OH inside macro- and microaggregates and OM bound to silt and clay surfaces (S+C). It is assumed that MAOM fraction becomes C saturated during soil development and no more C can be sequestered in it. Other fractions, particularly FPOM, that are not dominant C storage in the initial stages of soil development become more important in the later stages and amount of C stored in them increases. However, there is scarcity of studies that examine this assumption. In this work I studied the hypothesis that soils in different stage of development will differ in the amount of C stored in different fractions. On top of that, this difference will be affected by the dominant tree species growing on the soil and the effect of tree...
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Processes of soil carbon sequestration on reclaimed areas of the Podkrušnohorská dump.
KOBESOVÁ, Martina
The main objective of this thesis was based on samples from the localities to determine the processes of soil carbon sequestration in reclaimed areas of the Velké podkrušnohorské dump and to evaluate the results in relation to physical and chemical properties of soil. The amount of soil carbon was measured from the collected samples and the soil was analyzed of basic physical and chemical soil parameters. The largest concentration of soil carbon was measured in the alder stands.
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