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Sledování aktivovanosti objektů v textech
Václ, Jan ; Vidová Hladká, Barbora (advisor) ; Novák, Michal (referee)
The notion of salience in the discourse analysis models how the activation of referred objects evolves in the flow of text. The salience algorithm was already defined and tested briefly in an earlier research, we present a reproduction of its results in a larger scale using data from the Prague Discourse Treebank 1.0. The results are then collected into an accessible shape and analyzed both in their visual and quantitative form in the context of the two main resources of the salience - coreference relations and topic-focus articulation. Finally, attempts are made with using the salience information in the machine learning NLP tasks of document clustering and topic modeling. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Media image of presidential candidates in Czech daily newspaper: Case study of media presentation of presidential elections in the USA, France and the Czech Republic
Presser, Šimon ; Kmeťková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Benda, Josef (referee)
This thesis focuses on media image of presidential candidates on both theoretical and empirical level. Theoretical part elaborates on agenda setting, salience, and framing. But mainly it focuses on summarization of current studies and methodological approaches to research of attribute agenda setting and creation of media image of political candidates. In total, sixteen studies from various media environments have been analysed. From these studies, set of universally applicable attributes have been derived, using the method of conceptual clustering. This set has been further extended by author's own categories and other attributes that emerged during empirical study of Czech daily newspapers. Result of the theoretical part is widely applicable set of 29 micro-attributes which five macro-attributes and two meta-attributes (as newly defined category) are consisted of. Besides the set of attributes, this thesis creates and defines brand new method of analysis through Coefficient of media affection which allows to evaluate the affective dimension of media image. The Coefficient is variable and can be tailored to the needs of specific research. Theoretical part, therefore, presents new and complex approach to analysing the media image of presidential candidates. The empirical part applies the methodology...
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Camouflage pattern generator
Kremel, Tomáš ; Šejnoha, Jiří (advisor) ; Neruda, Roman (referee)
The thesis focuses on the visual camouflage generation problem characterised by cre- ating a colored pattern that, when printed on an object, has concealment capabilities. A good concealment can save lives of military personnel and protect important facilities. We approach the problem by devising a genetic algorithm with problem-specific ge- netic operators. The complexity of the algorihm lies in innovative utilization of the saliency predicting tool in the fitness operator. The construction of the operator con- nects human vision, image processing, deep learning and evolutionary computation. Along the computaionally costly fitness operator we suggest fast and simple concep- tually related trial operator we use for exploring characterics of the costly one. Then, we use this knowledge for generation of a camouflage pattern for forest environment. 1
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A model of focusing in political choice
Nunnari, S. ; Zápal, Jan
This paper develops a theoretical model of voters’ and politicians’ behavior based on the notion that voters focus disproportionately on, and hence overweight, certain attributes of policies. We assume that policies have two attributes and that voters focus more on the attribute in which their options differ more. First, we consider exogenous policies and show that voters’ focusing polarizes the electorate. Second, we consider the endogenous supply of policies by office-motivated politicians\nwho take voters’ distorted focus into account. We show that focusing leads to inefficient policies, which cater excessively to a subset of voters: social groups that are larger, have more distorted focus, are more moderate, and are more sensitive to changes in a single attribute are more influential. Finally, we show that augmenting the classical models of voting and electoral competition with focusing can contribute to explain puzzling stylized facts as the inverse correlation between income inequality and redistribution or the backlash effect of extreme policies.
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Sledování aktivovanosti objektů v textech
Václ, Jan ; Vidová Hladká, Barbora (advisor) ; Žabokrtský, Zdeněk (referee)
The notion of salience in the discourse analysis models how the activation of referred objects evolves in the flow of text. The salience algorithm was already defined and tested briefly in an earlier research, we present a reproduction of its results in a larger scale using data from the Prague Dependency Treebank 3.0. The results are then collected into an accessible shape and analyzed both in their visual and quantitative form in the context of the two main resources of the salience - coreference relations and topic-focus articulation. Furthermore, a possibility of modeling the salience degree by a machine learning algorithm (decision trees and random forest) is examined. Finally, attempts are made with using the salience information in the machine learning NLP task of document clustering visualization. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Sledování aktivovanosti objektů v textech
Václ, Jan ; Vidová Hladká, Barbora (advisor) ; Novák, Michal (referee)
The notion of salience in the discourse analysis models how the activation of referred objects evolves in the flow of text. The salience algorithm was already defined and tested briefly in an earlier research, we present a reproduction of its results in a larger scale using data from the Prague Discourse Treebank 1.0. The results are then collected into an accessible shape and analyzed both in their visual and quantitative form in the context of the two main resources of the salience - coreference relations and topic-focus articulation. Finally, attempts are made with using the salience information in the machine learning NLP tasks of document clustering and topic modeling. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Sledování aktivovanosti objektů v textech
Václ, Jan ; Vidová Hladká, Barbora (advisor) ; Novák, Michal (referee)
The notion of salience in the discourse analysis models how the activation of referred objects evolves in the flow of text. The salience algorithm was defined and tested briefly in an earlier research, we present a reproduction of its results in a larger scale using data from the Prague Discourse Treebank 1.0. The results are then collected into an accessible shape and analyzed both in their visual and quantitative form in the context of the two main resources of the salience - coreference relations and topic-focus articulation. Finally, attempts are made with using the salience information in the machine learning NLP tasks of document clustering and topic modeling. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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