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Expression and binding properties of human galectin-4
Friede, Tereza ; Bojarová, Pavla (advisor) ; Kavan, Daniel (referee)
Galectin-4, a member of the galectin family known for its affinity to β-galactosides, belongs to tandem-repeat galectins and consists of two distinct subunits connected with a peptide linker. Galectins play a key role in various biological processes and are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue shows a lower expression of galectin-4 compared to healthy colon tissues, and the lower expression of galectin-4 promotes tumor progression and transport. Galectin-4 was found to inhibit tumorigenesis of CRC cells via Wnt/β-catenin and IL-6/NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathways, which play a key role in CRC development. In inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, galectin-4 interacts with CD4+ T lymphocytes, influencing their behavior in the immunological synapsis. Furthermore, galectin-4, primarily expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, participates in the apical transport in epithelial cells, promotes the healing of intestinal epithelial wounds, participates in the adaptive immune response and has multiple roles in the central nervous system. Studying inhibitors of galectin-4 helps to understand its specific roles in these processes, and thus to identify new potential therapeutic targets. In this work human galectin-4 was heterologously...
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In vivo biotinylation as a new method of galectin labeling
Balogová, Soňa ; Bojarová, Pavla (advisor) ; Kavan, Daniel (referee)
Galectins are animal lectins with affinity to terminal β-galactosides. These lectins are characterized by an evolutionarily conserved carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). Galectins are involved in many processes in vivo, such as cell adhesion; signaling; cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. They can be used as markers in certain types of cancer and also for the targeted binding of therapeutics in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer. Galectins have been defined as a protein family composed of 15 members (11 of which are known in humans). They are classified into three subgroups, according to their structure: prototypical; chimeric; tandem-repeat type. Galectin-8 belongs to tandem-repeat galectins, which consist of two different subunits connected with a peptide linker; they contain two different CRD domains, and are therefore bivalent. Galectin-glycan interactions are based on the affinity of galectin CRDs to glycans containing a terminal β-galactoside, and this affinity is formed by the set of conserved amino acids within each CRD. These interactions can be investigated by many methods, such as X-ray crystallography; competitive ELISA; biolayer interferometry. Due to the extensive involvement of galectins in biological processes, there are many methods of labeling galectins for their detection....
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Enzymatic fucosylation of oligosaccharides
Horáčková, Karolína ; Bojarová, Pavla (advisor) ; Moserová, Michaela (referee)
Fucosylated oligosaccharides occur naturally in the mammalian body, for example in the form of blood group antigens or human milk oligosaccharides. Human milk oligosaccharides act as inhibitors of pathogen binding to infantile gastrointestinal epithelial cells, thereby preventing diarrheal diseases. The most abundant human milk oligosaccharides are 2' fucosylgalactose and 2' fucosyllactose using mutant α α 2' Key words carbohydrate; enzymatic synthesis; fucosidase; fucosylation; human milk
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Lactose intolerance
Kašpárková, Týna ; Hubáček, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Trachta, Pavel (referee)
(v AJ) The diploma thesis deals with problém called lactose introlerance. The theoretical part focuses primarily on what lactose, lactase and lactose inttolerance are. Its types, causes and symptoms, occurrence in the population (Czech and worldwide), diagnostic possibilities, both genetic and non-genetic and possible ways of prevention and treatment of this metabolic disorder. Other processed points are nutritional values of milk and dairy products, their importance in the diet, processing of milk and dairy products and their possible alternatives in the form of lactose-free milk preparations and so-called vegetable milk. The aim of the practical part of the thesis was to find out the respondents' awareness of lactose and lactose intolerance. Their consumpiton of milk and dairy products and knowledge and consumption of its plant substitutes. The results were examined by means of questionnaire survey, which was attended by both the ''lay'' public and persons with health education or health care. My result was that most respondents knew about the problem of lactose introlerance and its characteristics, up to 89.5 % of all tested. However, the public is less aware of the importance of milk and dairy products in the diet to prevent certain diseases. keywords: lactose intolerance, lactose, lactase,...
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The effect of uranium on carbohydrate metabolism of cultivated plants.
Lábusová, Jana ; Lipavská, Helena (advisor) ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (referee)
Nowadays, the environmental pollution by heavy metals is very serious problem all around the world. Radionuclides, including uranium, are heavy metals that cause both chemical and radioactive pollution. Naturally occurring uranium is not so dangerous for living organisms. Human activities, especially uranium ore mining and use of phosphate fertilizers, have increased its concentration in the environment with consequent contamination of soil, water and air. Compared to other countries, the Czech Republic is relatively rich in deposits of uranium ore. Extensive mining results in large contaminated areas, containing not only uranium but also other heavy metals and xenobiotics that need to be removed from the environment. One way how to decontaminate soils and waters is phytoremediation. This eco-friendly and cost-effective technique exploits the ability of plants to take up, translocate, transform and sequester xenobiotics. In order to provide functional phytoremediation, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of plant responses to stress caused by xenobiotics. Therefore in my master thesis, I focused on the impact of uranium on physiological processes of uranium-stressed plants, with the emphasis on carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidative defense mechanism. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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