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Pyrrho's, academic and methodical skepticism - comparison
Brabníková, Petra ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
The main objective of my dissertation is to research and to introduce hellenistic skepticism of postclassical Greece and methodical skepticism of modern times thinker Rene Descartes. There are differences between the ancient Pyrrhonism and the younger skepticism of Academy, which I would like to clear up. I have in view Descartes' skepticism too, which create a methodological technique of cognition in new way. Rene Descartes, contrary to hellenistic skeptics, doesn't accept the "epoche", which means a certain bliss, but he moves on in his research, when he believes in a possibility of truthful cognition. Purpose of my thesis is to critically take account of historical and philosophical context, from which both of skepticisms have been created, to put a question, what kind of meaning they had in history of philosophy and also to think about fundamental question of connection between hellenistic and Descartes doubt. I try to accent common characteristics and differences of both concepts. key words - skepticism, methodical skepticism, truthful cognition, probability, phenomena, senses, intellect, bliss
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Human Nature by Benedict de Spinoza
Haiklová, Markéta ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Hill, James (referee)
This paper consists of more parts. Firstly, it includes a theoretical introduction on Spinoza's concept of substance, substantial attributes and modes of extension and thought. The theoretical introduction serves as a background for the following examination of human nature in Spinoza's Ethics. In the chapters concerning human nature, which are introduced by chapters on intellect, imagination, memory and three different kinds of knowledge, our idea of "double nature" is presented. This characteristic of nature is deductible from the concept of adequate and inadequate knowledge and it becomes a presupposition for our further interpretation, which deals with the problem of parallelism/dualism of modes of extension and thought. This topic is treated in part V of Ethics where also the question of destruction of human body and the eternal part of mind is discussed.
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Objective and Subjective Cognition of Beauty in the Writings of St. Thomas Aquinas.
FLEISCHMANN, Dan
This thesis deals with the objective and subjective cognition of beauty by a scholastic philosopher Thomas Aquinas. The initial chapters provide historical sources and a source of St. Thomas´s beauty, because beauty was not the main topic of theology and philosophy in the Middle Ages. From the definition of beauty, we know that beauty belongs to the cognitive power, thus next chapters present the activity of the senses and reason, by which we recognize beauty. (Pulchrum autem respicit vim cognoscitivam). This cognitive power results in the objective characteristics of beauty, ie.: a) integrity; b) proportion; c) clarity.) The penultimate chapter justifies the importance of knowledge of objective and subjective beauty, from which it follows in us enjoyment (delectatio et amor). If there is a reason to evaluate the knowledge and principles relating to the beauty, there is a necessary overlap present knowledge such as science. The final chapter addresses the interesting question of modern science - aesthetics: "Whether beauty, as written by Thomas Aquinas, is a specific distinct transcendental or only implicit transcendental initiated by the philosophers of the 20th century?" The thesis tries to show the importance of studying medieval philosophy in shaping topics such as beauty and art.
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About some John Locke´s pedagogical thoughts
KOTULKOVÁ, Michaela
The bachelor´s thesis deals with the personality of the significant educator, philosopher and politician John Locke. In the beginning there is a brief description of John Locke´s life and his most important philosophical and educational thoughts. Educational thoughts in the 16th and 17th centuries and their influence on John Locke are also mentioned in the following part. The main part of this thesis focuses on the analysis of the work "Some Thoughts Concerning Education", because it is one of the most well-known and most significant works of this personality. The goal of this bachelor´s thesis is not only to describe John Locke´s thoughts, but also to compare his thoughts with thoughts of John Amos Comenius on the basis of comparative analysis. The topicality of John Locke´s educational thoughts and his impact on other personalities are explained in the conlusion of this thesis.
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Reflection of world in virtual infinity
Krutský, Dominik ; ŠERÝ, Ladislav (advisor) ; ČIHÁK, Martin (referee)
Relation between humans and latest technical principles are forming rignt now. From my point of view, supported with literature are these fatal changes, interrelated just with formation total surroundings of virtual world, very often disregarded. In history overview, was art the major "record" in which the image of human being was best descirbed for current observers same as for next generations. The work should not find out a final solution for this complicated phenomen. Reason for choosing theme - Reflection of world in virtual infinity - is just my need to confront this question.
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Classic theories as sources of natural law
KOHOUT, Petr
This thesis is engaged in the theme of natural law, especially in sources of natural law - in theories, which are labelled as "classic". The thesis focuses on these theories (Aristotle, stoicism, Thomas Aquinas) and their common points, which are proper to these theories. That is the object of this thesis. These points present the essence of natural law. The first part explains problem of the term "natural law". The second part deals with the classic theories. The third chapter summarises findings of the second part. The fourth part is devoted to the similarity between the classic theories and the modern (enlightenment) theories. This chapter is devoted to the connection between natural law and positive law too.
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T. G. Masaryk and The Czechoslovak Church
HANUŠOVÁ, Kateřina
This Master´s work deals with the relation of T. G. Masaryk and The Czechoslovak Church. The goal is to give reasons why Masaryk has never entered the Church despite the Church highly recognized his ideas and was based on many of them. The output of this work is supposed to be mostly the analysis of Masaryk´s texts besides the biographical texts and the written texts dedicated to the Czechoslovak Church. This work can be divided into three main parts. The first part follows Masaryk´s religious development. The second part comprises his opinions on particular religions issues. The third part introduces the basic information about the Czechoslovak Church and the last, fourth handles especially Masaryk´s attitude to the Church.
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The Salesian Preventive System and Scouting
MUSIL, Jan
The thesis compares two educational systems: the Salesian preventive system of John Bosco and Scouting. It presents the personality of the founders, than characterizes the recipients, mission, principles, aims, methods and tools of these educational systems. This comparison focuses on the moral values, virtues and value attitudes advenced by the systems. The thesis looks for elements which the two education systems sharediffer in and attempts to highlight those elements which could be mutually inspirative in the pursuit of the ideal of integral education of a young person.
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Johannes Amos Comenius - Truchlivý I - IV
KUBISOVÁ, Petra
The aim of this study is to analyze and compare four parts of consolatory writing of Jan Amos Comenius, written between the years 1662 - 1660. Jan Amos Comenius added another two parts ("Řvání hrdličky v rozsedlinách skalních" and "Smutný hlas zaplášeného hněvem božím pastýře") to The Mournful vol I and II. In opening part, the influence of Comenius life experience and political situation on creation of individual parts, is put down my study is also focused on The Mournful´s language, then List Montanovi is analysed. Finally this study analyse individual parts od The Mournful.
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Eutanazie and natural law
VRÁBLOVÁ, Eva
The bachelor thesis deals with the problem of euthanasia in the CR and defence of the man's dignity in catholic teaching of the church. The theoretical part is divided into two sections. The first section is about historical development of the euthanasia, definition of the euthanasia, motives for the euthanasia nowadays, the view of the church and hospice organization. The second section is about man's dignity and about the meaning of the hope from the view of catholic teaching of the church in the hospital, about helplessness and dying. The practical part includes analysis and comparison of the views and attitudes on the problems of euthanasia among students of the Bishop grammar school in Brno and students of the grammar school in Moravske Budejovice.
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