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Optimizing of Polymer Surface Treatment for Microscopic Examination
Horská, Pavlína ; Poláček, Petr (referee) ; Bálková, Radka (advisor)
Supramolecular structure of eight commercial types of iPP, its blends with poly(L-lactide) (PP-PLLA) and copolymers with ethylene-propylene rubber (PP-EPR) together with four types of polyethylene (LDPE, HDPE) was uncovered and observed in this work. The spherulitic structure of iPP and PE homopolymers and PP copolymers was uncovered by etching of six different solutions of mineral acids with KMnO4 and by dissolution in four selected solvents. The latter was found to be ineffective. The structure of PP-PLLA blends was uncovered only after recrystallization (the change of structure by annealing and cooling rate). The uncovered crystalline structure was observed directly by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and SEM. Crystallinity together with a size distribution of crystallites was determined by DSC. It was proved that spherulitic supramolecular structure was easy to uncover by chemical etching only for molded samples and for fracture surfaces of injected samples. The efficiency of etchants varied but, generally, the samples with high degree of crystallinity were etched earlier. The etchants containing nitric acid and high content of sulphuric acid uncovered fine details of shperulites with respect to mixtures containing orthophosporic acid. It was also observed that not only the etchant (especially with nitric acid) itself but also its vapors were effective. The structure was revealed later but the appearance was plastic (3D) and the structure was very fine. The supramolecular structure of PP-PLLA blends differed with amount of each component. The ethylene-rubber phase came forth with increasing time of etching while PP spherulites disappeared in PP-EPR samples. CLSM was shown to be very good tool for observing supramolecular structure of studied samples with respect to SEM, which was proved to be entirely unsuitable for polyolefines. DSC is recommended to be performe before uncovering supramolecular structure for basic information about proportion of amorphous/crystalline phase and size of crystallites.
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The prohibition of the parties-theory and discourse
Chytil, Matěj ; Wintr, Jan (advisor) ; Pithart, Petr (referee)
Banning Political Parties - Theory and Discourse The political regime change of the Velvet revolution in 1989 brought to light many questions, that the Czech politics and law had not to answer until then. Arguments about the legitimacy of the post-revoutionary Czech communist party marked the early years of the free competition of political parties. There being no precedent in the decision-making of Czech courts, the Supreme Administrative Court had to decide many substantial questions when dealing with the case of Dělnická strana (The Workers' Party) in 2010. Some of those were elaborated by the European Court of Human Rights, other were more of a political and philosophical nature. The history and experience of pre-war Czechoslovakia and dissolution of German national-socialist parties in 1933 also influenced the debate. The Supreme Administrative Court of the Czech Republic changed in the decison of Dělnická strana the nature of Czech political discourse and brought it out of the post-communist context to the contemporary European level. Using the concept of self-defending or military democracy, that is also used by the ECHR, it created a shared framework of both Czech and European debate on the limits of political rights and freedoms of association. The concept will be contested in the future, but its...
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Formulation and testing of siRNA-loaded branched polyesters nanoparticles
Medviďová, Simona ; Dittrich, Milan (advisor) ; Šnejdrová, Eva (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradcec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Milan Dittrich, CSc. Student: Simona Medviďová Title of thesis: Formulation and testing of branched polyesters siRNA-loaded nanoparticles The progression of development increases demand for new and more effective drug systems formulations. This diploma thesis is focused on the preparation of nanoparticles from biodegradable branched polyesters based on PLGA, which are suitable for the transport of an oligonucleotide of a small interfering nucleic acid, siRNA. The theoretical part focuses on the characteristics of usable polymers, their possible modifications, the methods of preparation with closer look at the selected nanoprecipitation method, the important parameters such as particles size, zeta potential, and polydispersity. The main part is also characterization of siRNA in terms of structure, properties, modifications, and its function. A more extensive experimental part deals with the appropriate choice of type and concentration of polyester and stabilizer, methods of preparation and characterization of nanoparticles, and the possibility of analyzing encapsulated siRNA. Chapters results and discussion compares polyesters branched on tripentaerythritol, and polyacrylic acid...
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Origin of karst conduits and caves in Jizera Formation in Turnov.
Slavík, Martin ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Schweigstillová, Jana (referee)
Aim of this study is to characterize the processes responsible for evolution of open conduits and caves in Jizera Formation near Turnov, in particular to distinguish if the main factor acting in enlargements of conduits is dissolution and the conduit system can be called karst, or if the process is caused by erosion of weakly cemented sandstone without contribution of dissolution. An important part of the study is to introduce the concept of self-organization. Based on results from accelerated simulation of dissolution of twenty rock samples, SEM analysis and drilling resistance, I have proved that rocks in Jizera Formation near Turnov dissolve in an acidic environment and their strength characteristics does not enable direct erosion by flowing water. Samples from localities of "Bartošova pec", "Slepé údolí Podhorčí", "Rozsedlinové ponory pod Drábovnou", "Šetřilovsko", "U Kačeny" and "Semikraska" dissolve, but behavior of samples from "Sudoměř - rybník" and "Sudoměř - Skalský potok" is in an acidic environment very similar to samples from Teplice Formation "Skalní pískovcový výchoz u Podhorčí" and "Valdštejn".
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Formulation and testing of siRNA-loaded branched polyesters nanoparticles
Medviďová, Simona ; Dittrich, Milan (advisor) ; Šnejdrová, Eva (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradcec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Milan Dittrich, CSc. Student: Simona Medviďová Title of thesis: Formulation and testing of branched polyesters siRNA-loaded nanoparticles The progression of development increases demand for new and more effective drug systems formulations. This diploma thesis is focused on the preparation of nanoparticles from biodegradable branched polyesters based on PLGA, which are suitable for the transport of an oligonucleotide of a small interfering nucleic acid, siRNA. The theoretical part focuses on the characteristics of usable polymers, their possible modifications, the methods of preparation with closer look at the selected nanoprecipitation method, the important parameters such as particles size, zeta potential, and polydispersity. The main part is also characterization of siRNA in terms of structure, properties, modifications, and its function. A more extensive experimental part deals with the appropriate choice of type and concentration of polyester and stabilizer, methods of preparation and characterization of nanoparticles, and the possibility of analyzing encapsulated siRNA. Chapters results and discussion compares polyesters branched on tripentaerythritol, and polyacrylic acid...
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Formulation and testing of siRNA-loaded branched polyesters nanoparticles
Medviďová, Simona ; Dittrich, Milan (advisor) ; Šnejdrová, Eva (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradcec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Milan Dittrich, CSc. Student: Simona Medviďová Title of thesis: Formulation and testing of branched polyesters siRNA-loaded nanoparticles The progression of development increases demand for new and more effective drug systems formulations. This diploma thesis is focused on the preparation of nanoparticles from biodegradable branched polyesters based on PLGA, which are suitable for the transport of an oligonucleotide of a small interfering nucleic acid, siRNA. The theoretical part focuses on the characteristics of usable polymers, their possible modifications, the methods of preparation with closer look at the selected nanoprecipitation method, the important parameters such as particles size, zeta potential, and polydispersity. The main part is also characterization of siRNA in terms of structure, properties, modifications, and its function. A more extensive experimental part deals with the appropriate choice of type and concentration of polyester and stabilizer, methods of preparation and characterization of nanoparticles, and the possibility of analyzing encapsulated siRNA. Chapters results and discussion compares polyesters branched on tripentaerythritol, and polyacrylic acid...
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Formulation and testing of siRNA-loaded branched polyesters nanoparticles
Medviďová, Simona ; Dittrich, Milan (advisor) ; Šnejdrová, Eva (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradcec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Milan Dittrich, CSc. Student: Simona Medviďová Title of thesis: Formulation and testing of branched polyesters siRNA-loaded nanoparticles The progression of development increases demand for new and more effective drug systems formulations. This diploma thesis is focused on the preparation of nanoparticles from biodegradable branched polyesters based on PLGA, which are suitable for the transport of an oligonucleotide of a small interfering nucleic acid, siRNA. The theoretical part focuses on the characteristics of usable polymers, their possible modifications, the methods of preparation with closer look at the selected nanoprecipitation method, the important parameters such as particles size, zeta potential, and polydispersity. The main part is also characterization of siRNA in terms of structure, properties, modifications, and its function. A more extensive experimental part deals with the appropriate choice of type and concentration of polyester and stabilizer, methods of preparation and characterization of nanoparticles, and the possibility of analyzing encapsulated siRNA. Chapters results and discussion compares polyesters branched on tripentaerythritol, and polyacrylic acid...
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The prohibition of the parties-theory and discourse
Chytil, Matěj ; Wintr, Jan (advisor) ; Pithart, Petr (referee)
Banning Political Parties - Theory and Discourse The political regime change of the Velvet revolution in 1989 brought to light many questions, that the Czech politics and law had not to answer until then. Arguments about the legitimacy of the post-revoutionary Czech communist party marked the early years of the free competition of political parties. There being no precedent in the decision-making of Czech courts, the Supreme Administrative Court had to decide many substantial questions when dealing with the case of Dělnická strana (The Workers' Party) in 2010. Some of those were elaborated by the European Court of Human Rights, other were more of a political and philosophical nature. The history and experience of pre-war Czechoslovakia and dissolution of German national-socialist parties in 1933 also influenced the debate. The Supreme Administrative Court of the Czech Republic changed in the decison of Dělnická strana the nature of Czech political discourse and brought it out of the post-communist context to the contemporary European level. Using the concept of self-defending or military democracy, that is also used by the ECHR, it created a shared framework of both Czech and European debate on the limits of political rights and freedoms of association. The concept will be contested in the future, but its...
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Proceedings for the dissolution of a political party - Czech and foreign
Schneebergerová, Martina ; Antoš, Marek (advisor) ; Jirásková, Věra (referee)
Thesis deals with the issue of dissolution of political parties. States should recognise that everyone has the right to associate freely in political parties. As a particularly far-reaching measure, enforced dissolution of political party may only be justified in the case of party that advocates the use of violence as a political means to overthrow the democratic constitutional order, thereby undermining the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the constitution. The dissolution of a political party is an exceptional measure in a democratic society and should be govern by the principle of proportionality. Apart from Czech legislation and recent judicial cases, this thesis is focused on Slovak and German experience with political party ban. Relevant decisions of European Court of Human Rights are introduced as well. In the first chapter the term "political party" is defined. Essential role of the political parties in parliamentary democracy as well as its extraordinary status among associations is emphasized. This part of thesis discusses situations when state can interfere with freedom of association or freedom of speech. Legally defined reasons for the dissolution of political parties are explained. These legal reasons are defined by criteria abstractly formulated, therefore a statutory interpretation...
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Origin of karst conduits and caves in Jizera Formation in Turnov.
Slavík, Martin ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Schweigstillová, Jana (referee)
Aim of this study is to characterize the processes responsible for evolution of open conduits and caves in Jizera Formation near Turnov, in particular to distinguish if the main factor acting in enlargements of conduits is dissolution and the conduit system can be called karst, or if the process is caused by erosion of weakly cemented sandstone without contribution of dissolution. An important part of the study is to introduce the concept of self-organization. Based on results from accelerated simulation of dissolution of twenty rock samples, SEM analysis and drilling resistance, I have proved that rocks in Jizera Formation near Turnov dissolve in an acidic environment and their strength characteristics does not enable direct erosion by flowing water. Samples from localities of "Bartošova pec", "Slepé údolí Podhorčí", "Rozsedlinové ponory pod Drábovnou", "Šetřilovsko", "U Kačeny" and "Semikraska" dissolve, but behavior of samples from "Sudoměř - rybník" and "Sudoměř - Skalský potok" is in an acidic environment very similar to samples from Teplice Formation "Skalní pískovcový výchoz u Podhorčí" and "Valdštejn".
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