|
| |
|
|
Utilization of plant bioindicators in monitoring of environmental contamination
Koláček, Tomáš ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
Environmental contamination may be observed by different analytical tools as well as by various types of bioindicators providing relevant information about the effects of toxic substances and their mixtures towards organisms in situ. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of plant bioindicators and biomonitors suitable for biomonitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in natural ecosystems. For groups of organic pollutants such as PCBs, PCDDs / Fs, PBDEs, PAHs, PFCs, and OCPs, review of literature is provided including knowledge about different species of coniferous trees, angiospermous plants (including crops), mosses and lichens that can be used for monitoring. In this work, analysis examples of samples of pine needles, bark, moss and lichen tissue are quoted as biomonitor tools. An overview of plants for phytotoxicity and genotoxicity observation using pollen grains abortivity and online bioindication as an example on non-specific biomonitoring is also provided.
|
|
|
Needles as bioindicators for assessing contamination levels of PAHs
Mikulíková, Iva ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Bioindicators are used to monitor the level of the environmental pollution. Plant bioindicators are most frequently used, particularly mosses, lichens and conifers. This thesis focuses of the monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons alkyl-derivates concentration in the needles, that were taken in different locations in the Czech Republic. Analytes were extracted by mixture of n-hexane and dichlormethane. The acquired extract was cleaned up by column chromatography with activated silicagel and florisil. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry was used for final analysis.
|
|
|
Evaluation of content of PCBs and PBDEs in plant bioindicators
Vondráčková, Ilona ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
In the assessment of the environment pollution level, bio indicators of vegetable or animal origin are often used. Bio indicators include also needles and moss. The samples of moss and needles taken in different locations in the Czech Republic were examined to find out the presence of xenobiotics of polychlorine biphenyls and polybromide diphenylethers types. Selected analytes have been extracted from the matrix by hexan. Extracts have been refined using column chromatography on mixed florisil/silicagel sorbent. To analysis of selected compounds, GC/ECD method has been chosen. Based on our results a comparison of the contamination level in individual locations was enabled.
|
|
|
Plant bioindicators of heavy metals
Pecinová, Eliška ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
The urban areas are exposed to high risk of contamination, and some of the plant species can indicate this contamination. For this study, plants which can accumulate heavy metals and meet the requirements for bioindicators were chosen. Lichens, moss, birch, linden, and yew were chosen as bioindicators. Plant samples were collected from the specified localities in Brno, both with and without heavy traffic, then analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry for the contents of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn. Copper (max 47,7 mgkg-1) and zinc (max 200 mgkg-1) were detected in concentrations higher than the lower border of potential phytotoxic concentrations. Lichens and mosses were proved as the best bioindicators for most of the contaminants (Cu, Hg, Pb), except for zinc, which was indicated by birch. Linden wasn’t suitable for biomonitoring. The result concentrations in bioindicators were very variable among localities, without visible effect of traffic load, which implies other factors, which outweighed factors of contamination from the nearby traffic.
|
|
|
Plant bioindicators of heavy metals
Pecinová, Eliška ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
The urban areas are exposed to high risk of contamination, and some of the plant species can indicate this contamination. For this study, plants which can accumulate heavy metals and meet the requirements for bioindicators were chosen. Lichens, moss, birch, linden, and yew were chosen as bioindicators. Plant samples were collected from the specified localities in Brno, both with and without heavy traffic, then analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry for the contents of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn. Copper (max 47,7 mgkg-1) and zinc (max 200 mgkg-1) were detected in concentrations higher than the lower border of potential phytotoxic concentrations. Lichens and mosses were proved as the best bioindicators for most of the contaminants (Cu, Hg, Pb), except for zinc, which was indicated by birch. Linden wasn’t suitable for biomonitoring. The result concentrations in bioindicators were very variable among localities, without visible effect of traffic load, which implies other factors, which outweighed factors of contamination from the nearby traffic.
|
|
|
Role rostlinných bioindikátorů při hodnocení stavu životního prostředí v okolí skládky
Proboštová, Veronika
This diploma thesis deals with the problems of landfilling and biomonitoring with the focus on vegetal bioindicators. The introduction focuses on the teorethical description of the landfilling, divisions of the landfilling, legislative requirements. There is also described in detail the principle and use of the biomonitoring and bioindicators. The next part of the thesis includes information about Zdounky - Kuchyňky landfill, the description of natural conditions of the location and the list of vegetal species that were found during the biomonitoring of the location. In the conclusion is evaluated the role of vegetal bioindicators in relationship to the surrounding environment.
|
|
|
Utilization of plant bioindicators in monitoring of environmental contamination
Koláček, Tomáš ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
Environmental contamination may be observed by different analytical tools as well as by various types of bioindicators providing relevant information about the effects of toxic substances and their mixtures towards organisms in situ. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of plant bioindicators and biomonitors suitable for biomonitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in natural ecosystems. For groups of organic pollutants such as PCBs, PCDDs / Fs, PBDEs, PAHs, PFCs, and OCPs, review of literature is provided including knowledge about different species of coniferous trees, angiospermous plants (including crops), mosses and lichens that can be used for monitoring. In this work, analysis examples of samples of pine needles, bark, moss and lichen tissue are quoted as biomonitor tools. An overview of plants for phytotoxicity and genotoxicity observation using pollen grains abortivity and online bioindication as an example on non-specific biomonitoring is also provided.
|
|
|
Evaluation of content of PCBs and PBDEs in plant bioindicators
Vondráčková, Ilona ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
In the assessment of the environment pollution level, bio indicators of vegetable or animal origin are often used. Bio indicators include also needles and moss. The samples of moss and needles taken in different locations in the Czech Republic were examined to find out the presence of xenobiotics of polychlorine biphenyls and polybromide diphenylethers types. Selected analytes have been extracted from the matrix by hexan. Extracts have been refined using column chromatography on mixed florisil/silicagel sorbent. To analysis of selected compounds, GC/ECD method has been chosen. Based on our results a comparison of the contamination level in individual locations was enabled.
|
|
|
Needles as bioindicators for assessing contamination levels of PAHs
Mikulíková, Iva ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Bioindicators are used to monitor the level of the environmental pollution. Plant bioindicators are most frequently used, particularly mosses, lichens and conifers. This thesis focuses of the monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons alkyl-derivates concentration in the needles, that were taken in different locations in the Czech Republic. Analytes were extracted by mixture of n-hexane and dichlormethane. The acquired extract was cleaned up by column chromatography with activated silicagel and florisil. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry was used for final analysis.
|
guest ::
