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State social support and the European Union
VRÁNKOVÁ, Veronika
Help and support to a family is dissimilar in different countries according to the predominant principles in their social policy. The aim of this work is to give a synopsis of the current financial allowances to families in several countries of the European Union and to outline the dissimilarities among them. The partial aim is to point at the inadequate solutions in the state social support system in the Czech Republic and to suggest some more suitable solutions. Diploma work was created by means of the method of the qualitative research with the use of the secondary data analysis. The main body comprises five EU member states chosen by the method of the casual selection, regarding to their family policy system (Great Britain, Sweden, Germany, Spain and Slovakia). Information was acquired from several foreign language sources, largely from web sites of the competent departments, and international sources (MISSOC, EURES). Acquiring actual information wasn't always easy because different sources provided dissimilar information. It has figured out that the most important benefit for families is the child allowance, which is paid out in all studied countries. The criteria for the calculation of its rate are different {--}the age of a child, the sequence of a child in a family, the income of a family (only in the Czech Republic), eventually health disability of a child. The next benefit provided is the parental allowance, which is paid out only in three surveyed countries (Germany, the Czech Republic and Slovakia), it is paid out in Sweden too, but from parental insurance. The payment of benefits in Germany depends on the monthly income of a family; however, in the Czech Republic and Slovakia a parent, that cares for a child, can support his family without a financial limit, but it is not easy to coordinate work and the care for the family in the Czech Republic, because only small percentage of women has the opportunity to get part-time jobs. In my opinion, we can find the inspiration how to relieve the national budget from costs on payment of parental allowance in Swedish social insurance system, which is financed by contributions from employers, employees and taxes.
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Incidence of changes on a beneficiary deriving from the System of State Social Support within the context of stabilization of the public budgets
ZELENÁ, Dita
The theoretical portion of the work dealt with the state social support, its individual allowances and the current problems related to the situation in public funds. The first main objective of the work and its partial objectives identified opinions of beneficiaries and of the broader public regarding changes in the system of the state social support introduced by Act no. 261/2007 Coll. To test the hypotheses and to collect primary data the author used qualitative research {--} the interviewing method and the questionnaire technique. Three hypotheses were determined in the degree work. The performed research confirmed hypotheses 1 and 2, whereas it did not confirm hypothesis 3. The mapping of the experience gained by administrators of the state social support system in relation to changes arising from Act no. 261/2007 Coll. was the second main objective of the work. This objective was fulfilled by complementary qualitative research which identified the experience of administrators of the state social support system with the researched changes. The interviewing method, the technique of a free dialogue was used for this purpose. One hypothesis came out of this qualitative research. The work looks back at more than a year of effect of the Act on stabilization of public budgets and at the impact of changes which this Act introduced in the system of the state social support.
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Redistributing processes in attachment to income situation households
LIEBLOVÁ, Markéta
The bachelor thesis is focused on social security system at Czech Republic, mainly on system of state social support. In this way the system moderates economic risks and improves the situation of households with children. The bachelor thesis describes the benefits, which are pouring into this arrangement. Also it describes the element concepts which are applying with this arrangement. The present state social support system consists of the following seven benefits: child allowance, social allowance, housing allowance, parental allowance, foster care allowances and grants, birth grant and funeral grant. The bachelor thesis includes futher quantitative analysis these benefits and analysis selected segment beneficiaries these benefits. And finally my work, I appraise current the legal amendments, the aims and the effectiveness hereof system. Also I suggest to potential changes of the system of state social support towards increase in the effectiveness.
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Women and labour market in relation to parenthood
KŘIKAVOVÁ, Soňa
The thesis contains a description of the current situation in combining work and family. Principally, the work focuses on women with small children who are recipients of parental allowance or maternity pay and on the system of family support, in particular, the new three-speed systém of parentel allowance. It also addresses issues faced by mothers upon their re-entry on the labour market. The work´s aim was to establish the extent to which patente take advantage of the option to select the period for which they would benefit from parental allowance and the factors influencing their choice. In order to obtain the data required, women on maternity or parental leave and allowance specialists of the state social support department at the Labour Office in Beroun have been interviewed. Quantitative as well as qualitative research methods have been used. Mothers provided information in questionnaires filled in independently by respondents, semi-controlled interviews with individual specialists have been used to obtain information from the allowance specialists at the Labour Office. The finding that resulted from the work is that, out of the three possible alternatives, the three-year alternativ eis the most frequent choice and the two-year alternative is selected by the lowest number of women. The employability of women and the number of children they take care of are the most important criteria affecting thein choice. Low interest in the two-year-olds. Therefore, predominantly women planning another child in the upcoming period who will have to resolve the situation during their next parental leave opt for the two-year alternative. The influence of the mother´s education on the choice of an alternative has not been confirmed. In order to allow mothers with small children to make full use of the new three-speed system and to accomplish the desired effect, i.e. increase in female employment rates, I would recommend, first of all, regulating the ``nurseries`` in a new way, introducing part-time jobs and shared job positions. Without these measures, the new system cannot work efficiently.
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Using the possibility of earning activities for people benefit from parental allowance
FILAŘOVÁ, Tereza
Theoretical part of my work is focused mainly on social security, state social support and family in the Czech Republic. The practical part focuses on qualitative research of taking advantage of the option to perform profitable activity by persons collecting parental allowance. Three hypotheses were derived from the research. The work could be used especially to gain understanding regarding the given issue.
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Social security and living standards of women on maternity and parental leave in the CR
JÍLKOVÁ, Lada
The work deals with the current system of social security - security of women on maternity and parental leave in the Czech Republic. Also examines the employment of women during maternity and parental leave in connection with social and living standards of families with children. This is a theoretical analysis of the social benefits guaranteed by the state and provided to women, in turn dependent families with young children, based on the conditions and possibilities of their implementation. Starting a family is a social event that is perceived by the positive. To support families with young children, the state spends some means and make sure the measures to a woman {--} a mother in the maternity and parenting to provide and protect. For this reason, a large part of this thesis focused on an overview of the social benefits associated exclusively with motherhood and parenting, both in terms of social policy, family, and in terms of labor law. Following this theme is part of the work and paid employment opportunities for women on maternity and parental leave. Are outlined ways and forms of employment of women and the reasons that women in this period led to in the period of maternity and parental leave, return back to work.
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Development of legal regulations of parental allowance in 1996 - 2009
FLÉGLOVÁ, Helena
The system of the state social support was established on 1st October 1995 when Act No. 117/1995 Coll. on social state support took effect. This Bachelor´s thesis, the title of which is "Development of legal regulations of parental allowance in 1996 {--} 2009``, is focused on the key benefit of the state social support - the parental allowance. It is a benefit independent on the height of income of the qualified person and is intended for a parent who personally and duly cares for a child while meeting other requirements needed to draw this allowance such as child´s age and health condition. The introduction of the parental allowance pursued an aim to make care for a child better and to improve social conditions of families with small children. The aim of the thesis is to map the development of the parental allowance since its beginning and to point out pros and cons of the legal regulations contained in Act No. 117/1995 Coll., on state social support. Since 1995 the legal regulations of the parental allowance have undergone a lot of more or less fundamental changes. Originally the height of the allowance was dependent on the living minimum and on the fact whether a parent is supported or not. Afterwards the amount of the allowance was determined by the height of the average salary in the non-productive sphere of the economy. The last big change brought about an allowance provided at several rates that are set at fixed amounts according to duration of drawing whereas the parents elect the period and amount of the allowance. In January 1998 a new system was established - a child may attend a day care centre or other pre-school facility in the maximum range stipulated by law, without a parent losing a claim to the payment of the parental allowance. The law has not forgotten about disabled children and their parents. It goes without saying that a disabled child requires more financial resources from a family. The attitude to the earning power of a parent has changed as well. Since January 2008 parents have been able to select the period of the parental allowance providing they are entitled to get a maternity benefit. Experience has shown that it was a correct step. The parents who had been working before their child was born have a better position. The purpose of the thesis was fulfilled: the most important changes of the legal regulations of the parental allowance have been mapped and analyzed in details since the parental allowance was established in 1995. Then based on the analysis of documents, it was found out that the last amendment to Act No. 117/1995 Coll., on state social support effective as of 1st January 2008, had led to better directness of the allowances and to stagnation of the volume of financial resources used for payments.
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The Impact of Change of the Parental Allowance on Decision of Mothers.
MARKOVÁ, Eva
Abstract By the end of 2007 the parental allowance was so high that many beneficiaries, especially those without any or low qualifications, never received a similar income in their job, which obviously resulted in a situation that some parents found it financially disadvantageous to return back to work. The new system of maternity leave makes it possible to draw the parental allowance during a shorter period of time whereas the amount paid differs depending on the time during which it is received. The objective of the graduation work was to map out the situation regarding the drawing of the parental allowance and reasons for choosing various options. The following hypotheses were determined based on this objective. 1st: Women who have the employment contract for a limited period of time pick a shorter alternative of parental leave than women with a contract for an unlimited period of time. 2nd: Women with a higher income select a shorter parental leave than women with a lower income. To obtain the necessary data to fulfill the determined objectives, the author used the questionnaire technique. The questionnaire was anonymous, it was filled in by women who have recently delivered a baby and it comprised 12 questions. 159 questionnaires were distributed during two months in 2008. The determined hypotheses were confirmed by the research. The results showed that the most preferred period of parental leave is three years with an income of 7600 CZK. As a reason for choosing this option the respondents answered that their employer ``reserves`` a job for them for three years and they can devote all their time to the baby. They find the amount of the allowance satisfactory. Most of them indicated they were yet to decide whether they were going to earn extra money during the parental leave and they did not know what they would do. If mothers need to leave their baby, people from their families usually babysit. Most of them would not trust a nurse. It was mostly young women (18 {--} 25 years of age) who indicated that they would not mind a nurse looking after their child. Changes which occurred in the field of parental leave and parental allowance need to be accompanied with relevant changes in other fields related to combining work and family, such as pre-school facilities and nursing centres for children younger than three years of age and also more flexible working hours. Family and employee policy should pay more attention to programmes supporting return to the labour market after the parental leave.
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Multiple-length Parental Benefit as the Support for the Family
PÍSKOVÁ, Jana
Parental Benefit is the type of an allowance for families provided by the system of the social support in the Czech Republic. The purpose of the benefit payment is financial help coming from the state towards families with a child in times when a parent stays at home caring 24 hours for the child after the birth. Parental Benefit has been the most often amended benefit of all during its history. There were gradually introduced many changes in the length of payment, financial amount, also were introduced permissions to work while being paid benefits and the possibility to place a child in some kind of day-care institution for limited time period. The last one and the most complete amendment, which has been valid since 2008, introduced several ways of using the benefit: up to two years, three years, and four years of the child?s age. The Bachelor Work is focused on the importance of Parental Benefit as the financial support for families. There were set two goals: The first one was to find out if the current system with more time-period payments is comfortable for clients registered at the Job Center in Strakonice. The second goal was to find out if the clients make use of provisions that allow them to work together with being paid benefits. There was set a sample research group consisting of clients registered at the Job Center in Strakonice who applied for Parental Benefits. To reach the goal, there was chosen the strategy of quantitative research, requesting method, and the questionnaire. There were set two hypotheses: Hypothesis H1: "Most of clients registered at the Job Center in Strakonice choose the basic form of Parental Benefit lasting up to three years of the child?s age". Hypothesis H2: "Most of clients registered at the Job Center in Strakonice use the possibility of working while being paid Parental Benefits". H1 was confirmed. H2 was not confirmed. The work was aimed to follow Parental Benefit from the view of parents who receive the benefit and to increase public awareness of using more versions of Parental Benefits. The outcome of the work is our finding that the most of clients prefer the version lasting three years. The clients who are not allowed to choose themselves one of the mentioned options are not satisfied with the slow version lasting up to the fourth year of the child?s age. I suggest allowing of choosing the basic version of Parental Benefit lasting up to three years of the child?s age for all the clients.
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