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Effect of 3D printing technology on the properties of model femur segment
Nečas, Aleš ; Svatík, Juraj (referee) ; Jančář, Josef (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the development of a biodegradable 3D anatomical model of the femur segment and the influence of 3D printing technology on tensile strength and tensile modulus of elasticity of 3D standardized tensile test bodies (ASTM_D_638_IV) made from PLA, nylon, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), and resin. For each material, bodies with body thickness of 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm were 3D printed. Next, a PLA simplified femur segment model was created to determine the most suitable layer thickness for body printing in terms of its compressive strength and compressive modulus of elasticity. The thickness of the printed layer of 0.1 mm was chosen as the mechanically most suitable and was subsequently used in the production of a PLA anatomical model of the femur segment which was 3D printed in 3 variants differing in the density of the filling of the internal structures in the area of compact and cancellous bone tissue of real bone. Then, the compressive strength of these models was determined and compared. The PLA anatomical model of the femur segment was developed according to CT images of real bone with the purpose of its potential use in medicine as a bone tissue replacement in large femoral defects. However, before it can be used in medicine, further research is needed.
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The influence of internal structure on mechanical properties of 3D printed femoral segment from novel optimized biocomposite
Nečas, Aleš ; Schmid, Pavel (referee) ; Přikryl, Radek (advisor)
This diploma thesis presents the development of a new anatomical model of the femur segment based on a biocomposite of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, polylactic acid, tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite (PHB/PLA/TCP/HA). The model was designed using computed tomography of the patient‘s femur in twelve variants (A1 to A4, B1 to B4, C1 to C4) with different percentages of gyroid filling at the site of the compaction and spongiosis of the real bone. The biocomposite was then 3D printed after the optimized mixture of the new biocomposite (OPT1) was prepared, the printing string‘s chemical and structural characteristics were determined, and the most suitable parameters for 3D printing of the body from this biocomposite were optimized and verified. Furthermore, the pressure load capacity of all twelve variants of 3D printed femur segment models with different percentage densities of their internal gyroid filling was determined. Subsequently, the possibility of predicting the pressure load capacity of the newly developed anatomical femur segment was studied by computer simulation using the numerical model in ANSYS, and the differences in the pressure load capacity values of the PHB/PLA/TCP/HA femur segment in its real mechanical testing were found, compared to the values of the virtual tests using ANSYS. In order to determine the possible tissue resorption rate of this 3D PHB/PLA/TCP/HA biocomposite, the long-term effect (for 4 months) of simulated body fluid on the biodegradation of 3D PHB/PLA/TCP/HA biocomposite bodies with different percentages of gyroid filling (variant I to V) was examined. Subsequently, the biocomposites were subjected to pressure tests while their surface was analyzed by confocal microscopy. The femur segments with 75% filling at the compaction site (variant A) showed the highest average load capacity of 22.20 ± 0.50 kN, while the real femur segment samples had approximately one-quarter lower pressure load capacity compared to the computer simulation. The PHB/PLA/TCP/HA biodegradable bodies with more porous filling (variants II to V) degraded more slowly than the body with 100% filling (variant I), which offers benefits for their clinical use. Their slow degradation also had a beneficial effect on their load-bearing capacity after 4 months.The PHB/PLA/TCP/HA anatomical model of the femoral segment was developed for possible medical use in bone replacement for extensive femoral defects. However, further research is needed before its potential use in medicine.
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Bone regeneration and its analysis
Tesařová, Adéla ; Hovořáková, Mária (advisor) ; Zahradníček, Oldřich (referee)
Bone regeneration can take place throughout life as a natural process (remodeling) or because of trauma when fractures heal in which the damaged or missing part is replaced by new tissue. The aim of my bachelor thesis was to create a literature search on the issue of bone regeneration. The introductory part deals with the bone as such - its structure and the process of new formation (ossification) and remodeling. The following section describes some of the methods used to support bone regeneration in therapy - selected types of carriers and molecules that play an important role in regeneration and are part of the carriers or therapies used. At the end of the thesis, the basic methods used to analyze bone regeneration are described and provide us with an insight into the success of the tested therapeutic approaches, how well the bone heals and how effective the methods used are. The bachelor thesis was processed in the form of a literary search.
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Effect of 3D printing technology on the properties of model femur segment
Nečas, Aleš ; Svatík, Juraj (referee) ; Jančář, Josef (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the development of a biodegradable 3D anatomical model of the femur segment and the influence of 3D printing technology on tensile strength and tensile modulus of elasticity of 3D standardized tensile test bodies (ASTM_D_638_IV) made from PLA, nylon, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), and resin. For each material, bodies with body thickness of 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm were 3D printed. Next, a PLA simplified femur segment model was created to determine the most suitable layer thickness for body printing in terms of its compressive strength and compressive modulus of elasticity. The thickness of the printed layer of 0.1 mm was chosen as the mechanically most suitable and was subsequently used in the production of a PLA anatomical model of the femur segment which was 3D printed in 3 variants differing in the density of the filling of the internal structures in the area of compact and cancellous bone tissue of real bone. Then, the compressive strength of these models was determined and compared. The PLA anatomical model of the femur segment was developed according to CT images of real bone with the purpose of its potential use in medicine as a bone tissue replacement in large femoral defects. However, before it can be used in medicine, further research is needed.
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