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Characterization of minor fruit varieties in terms of use in the food industry
Jurečková, Zuzana ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Golian, Jozef (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
The thesis deals with one group of small fruits, the genus Ribes, ie currants, and gooseberries. It assesses their physical and chemical parameters with respect to the possibility of use in these properties for the design of a new type of product – beverages. Titration, spectrometric and other methods were used for the evaluation of these properties. A total of fifteen of these methods were available (total juice yield, juice pH, total dry matter, soluble fruit dry matter, titratable acidity, formolic number, reducing carbohydrate content, D-glucose, D-fructose and sucrose content, total polyphenolic substance content, anthocyanins, vitamin C and total antioxidant capacity) and a total of nine analytes (copper, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, manganese, potassium, calcium and sodium) were selected for the determination of mineral elements. For two years (harvest 2014 and 2015), these parameters were monitored for color variants of currants (white, red and black) and gooseberries (green-fruited, yellow-fruited and red-fruited). A total of six white varieties were tested in the group of currants - Olin, Jantar, Primus, Blanka, Viktoria and Orion, eleven varieties of red currants - Junnifer, Jesan, Detvan, Rovada, Rubigo, J.V.Tets, Tatran, Losan, Kozolupský raný, Stanca, NŠLS 11/6 and eleven varieties of black currant varieties - Ometa, Démon, Triton, Ben Hope, Ruben, Ben Gairm, Ben Lomond, Moravia, Ben Conan, Fokus and Ceres. A total of five varieties of green-fruited gooseberries were tested - Zebín, Mucurines, Rixanta, Rodnik and Prima. Yellow-fruited gooseberries were available in four varieties - Lemon Giant, Invicta, Golden Fig and Darek. The red-fruited gooseberries included varieties - Rolonda, Alan, Karat, Karmen, Krasnoslawjanskij, Himnomacki Rot, Remarka, Tamara and Black Neguš. Using Tukey's test, an analysis was performed and by scoring individual varieties based on the results of individual analyzes, a list of recommended varieties was compiled for further work on the development of a new beverage. Unfortunately, in 2015 there were very few fruits of green-fruited and yellow-fruited gooseberries, so it was decided that the volume of fruit will fall on the testing of bioactive substances. Therefore, at the end of the work, it is not possible to objectively evaluate these varieties of gooseberries in the whole range of analyzes. Therefore, the point evaluation of varieties was based on the averages of individual varieties. The red-fruited varieties were available in full, and therefore a full evaluation could take place. The most significant differences between red gooseberry varieties were in the content of bioactive substances (the content of polyphenolic substances, anthocyanin dyes, and vitamin C) and antioxidant capacity. These results were provided to the food subject, which continued to work with these values. Based on this project, utility model No. PUV 2016-33171 and the resulting combined drink based on wine and fruit juice were developed.
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Determination of basic chemical characteristics of blueberry pulp
Strapcová, Zuzana ; Hrstka, Miroslav (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the investigation of selected chemical characteristics in the semifinished products of blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and blueberries high (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). The theoretical part is described the botanical characteristics of both blueberries. The use of fruits is described in the next part. A description of the determination of the selected characteristic, refractometric of sugar dry mater, is described at the end of the theoretical part. In the experimental part, chemical characteristics were determined as total and soluble solids, pH, amount of titratable acids, reducing carbohydrates, phenolics and total anthocyanins in juice, pulp and extracts of blueberries. The purpose of the extracts was to find out how many total anthocyanins and phenolics are found in the skin of the fruit and which extract gives the highest yields. The results of the characteristics were compared across the wholefruit and semifinished products of the both blueberries. A mixture of water and ethanol in a ratio 50:50 was the most suitable solvent. The maximum extraction dependence was at twelfth and thirteenth hours of maceration. The maximum extraction dependence was determined by the above described chemical characteristics. Content of anthocyanin dyes expressed as delphinidin-3-glucoside was determined in extract of blueberry in 59,7 mg DGE100 g-1 and blueberries high in 19,6 mg DGE100 g-1. Total phenolics content expressed as gallic acid was determined in extract of blueberry in 890,9 mg GAE100 g-1 and blueberries high in 249,9 mg GAE100 g-1.
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Determination of nutritional values and antioxidant capacity of different edible roots
Ciffrová, Karolína ; Bendová, Agáta (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with selected edible roots, their nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and use in healthy eating. Eight selected edible roots were analyzed: type A, B and C potatoes, red potatoes, sweet potatoes, and purple potatoes were selected as representatives of potatoes. Jerusalem artichoke and cassava represent the other two root crops. The theoretical section of the thesis describes the basic characteristics of root crops, as well as the description and composition of the nutritional substances they contain, i.e. proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and antioxidant properties. The general characteristics of the methods used for analysis are also described here. The experimental part is based on specific analyses, procedures, results, chemicals and laboratory equipment used to determine the basic nutritional values and antioxidant capacity of these selected root vegetables. First, the total dry matter content was established to be about 23 % in the selected root crops. Higher dry matter content was determined for the cassava at 35 %. Crude protein content determined by the Kjeldahl method ranges from 6.5-9.9 %. The gravimetrically determined fiber in the given root crops was in the range of 0.27–0.91 %. The starch content is significantly higher in the cassava (46 %) than in other root crops. The inulin content was determined in sweet potatoes and Jerusalem artichokes instead of starch content; this value is significant for the Jerusalem artichoke (258.58 g/kg). Fat content in grams per 100 grams of dry matter was determined by Soxhlet extraction. Significant fat content was determined for sweet potatoes (12.6 g/100 g). From the extracted fats, the fatty acid profile was determined for individual root vegetables, such as the content of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Total and reducing carbohydrates, determined by the spectrophotometric method, were measured separately in the peel and pulp of the root crops. Antioxidant capacity was determined using antioxidant activity values, polyphenol and flavonoid concentrations. Of the vitamins, vitamin C was determined, vitamin E only in type B, C and purple potatoes. For sweet potatoes, beta-carotene was determined to be 540.56 g/g. The measured and calculated results are plotted in graphs. Finally, there is a discussion of the conclusions of the individual methods.
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Characterization of minor fruit varieties in terms of use in the food industry
Jurečková, Zuzana ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Golian, Jozef (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
The thesis deals with one group of small fruits, the genus Ribes, ie currants, and gooseberries. It assesses their physical and chemical parameters with respect to the possibility of use in these properties for the design of a new type of product – beverages. Titration, spectrometric and other methods were used for the evaluation of these properties. A total of fifteen of these methods were available (total juice yield, juice pH, total dry matter, soluble fruit dry matter, titratable acidity, formolic number, reducing carbohydrate content, D-glucose, D-fructose and sucrose content, total polyphenolic substance content, anthocyanins, vitamin C and total antioxidant capacity) and a total of nine analytes (copper, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, manganese, potassium, calcium and sodium) were selected for the determination of mineral elements. For two years (harvest 2014 and 2015), these parameters were monitored for color variants of currants (white, red and black) and gooseberries (green-fruited, yellow-fruited and red-fruited). A total of six white varieties were tested in the group of currants - Olin, Jantar, Primus, Blanka, Viktoria and Orion, eleven varieties of red currants - Junnifer, Jesan, Detvan, Rovada, Rubigo, J.V.Tets, Tatran, Losan, Kozolupský raný, Stanca, NŠLS 11/6 and eleven varieties of black currant varieties - Ometa, Démon, Triton, Ben Hope, Ruben, Ben Gairm, Ben Lomond, Moravia, Ben Conan, Fokus and Ceres. A total of five varieties of green-fruited gooseberries were tested - Zebín, Mucurines, Rixanta, Rodnik and Prima. Yellow-fruited gooseberries were available in four varieties - Lemon Giant, Invicta, Golden Fig and Darek. The red-fruited gooseberries included varieties - Rolonda, Alan, Karat, Karmen, Krasnoslawjanskij, Himnomacki Rot, Remarka, Tamara and Black Neguš. Using Tukey's test, an analysis was performed and by scoring individual varieties based on the results of individual analyzes, a list of recommended varieties was compiled for further work on the development of a new beverage. Unfortunately, in 2015 there were very few fruits of green-fruited and yellow-fruited gooseberries, so it was decided that the volume of fruit will fall on the testing of bioactive substances. Therefore, at the end of the work, it is not possible to objectively evaluate these varieties of gooseberries in the whole range of analyzes. Therefore, the point evaluation of varieties was based on the averages of individual varieties. The red-fruited varieties were available in full, and therefore a full evaluation could take place. The most significant differences between red gooseberry varieties were in the content of bioactive substances (the content of polyphenolic substances, anthocyanin dyes, and vitamin C) and antioxidant capacity. These results were provided to the food subject, which continued to work with these values. Based on this project, utility model No. PUV 2016-33171 and the resulting combined drink based on wine and fruit juice were developed.
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Determination of basic chemical characteristics of blueberry pulp
Strapcová, Zuzana ; Hrstka, Miroslav (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the investigation of selected chemical characteristics in the semifinished products of blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and blueberries high (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). The theoretical part is described the botanical characteristics of both blueberries. The use of fruits is described in the next part. A description of the determination of the selected characteristic, refractometric of sugar dry mater, is described at the end of the theoretical part. In the experimental part, chemical characteristics were determined as total and soluble solids, pH, amount of titratable acids, reducing carbohydrates, phenolics and total anthocyanins in juice, pulp and extracts of blueberries. The purpose of the extracts was to find out how many total anthocyanins and phenolics are found in the skin of the fruit and which extract gives the highest yields. The results of the characteristics were compared across the wholefruit and semifinished products of the both blueberries. A mixture of water and ethanol in a ratio 50:50 was the most suitable solvent. The maximum extraction dependence was at twelfth and thirteenth hours of maceration. The maximum extraction dependence was determined by the above described chemical characteristics. Content of anthocyanin dyes expressed as delphinidin-3-glucoside was determined in extract of blueberry in 59,7 mg DGE100 g-1 and blueberries high in 19,6 mg DGE100 g-1. Total phenolics content expressed as gallic acid was determined in extract of blueberry in 890,9 mg GAE100 g-1 and blueberries high in 249,9 mg GAE100 g-1.
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