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MenB vaccine uptake and number of reported cases with MenB infection
Švédová, Monika ; Zimčíková, Eva (advisor) ; Marešová, Helena (referee)
MenB vaccine uptake and number of reported cases with MenB infection Author: Monika Švédová Supervisor: PharmDr. Eva Zimčíková, Ph.D. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction and aims: Meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis is global issue and it's known for its epidemical potential. In Europe, this disease is most often caused by B and C serotype. Main aim was to track occurence and other epidemiologic aspects related to invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in the Czech Republic from 2007 to 2016, focusing on serotype B and summarize available vaccinations which are used to fight disease mentioned above. Another was to analyse usage of Bexsero vaccination in the Czech Republic, hand in hand with number of spontaneous reports of adverse events after vaccination. Methodology: To assess epidemiologic aspects related to IMD data from the Centre of epidemiology and microbiology were used (years 2007 - 2016). Vaccination utilization was analysed based on data from the State Institue of Drug Control and expressed as number of packages. Central database of spontaneous adverse events reports was used to determine number and character of reports. Results: In period 2007-2016 there was a decrease in meningococcal disease...
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Decreasing vaccination rate as a new global health problem
Galstyan, Elen ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Tesař, Jakub (referee)
This master thesis is focused on decreasing levels of vaccination as a new health risk. In recent years it has become a new trend that we can observe in European countries. Low vaccination levels amongst population are one of the reasons for new epidemics or pandemics happening. When immunization rises above 95 % then a collective immunization comes into effect. Collective immunization lowers the chances of diseases spreading. For this reason, World health organization supports immunization and tries to make immunization affordable reachable for everyone everywhere. This these analyses measles which can be stopped by vaccinating the population. Therefore, the World health organization prepares strategic plans aimed at eradication of this disease. Each member state has a task to apply these plans in their specific environment. This thesis focuses on the Czech Republic and its implementation of strategic plans happening 2005-2010 and 2011-2020. This thesis is structured into 5 chapters focused on theory of international relations, hesitancy to vaccinate, strategic plans of World health organization and the Czech Republic.
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MenB vaccine uptake and number of reported cases with MenB infection
Švédová, Monika ; Zimčíková, Eva (advisor) ; Marešová, Helena (referee)
MenB vaccine uptake and number of reported cases with MenB infection Author: Monika Švédová Supervisor: PharmDr. Eva Zimčíková, Ph.D. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction and aims: Meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis is global issue and it's known for its epidemical potential. In Europe, this disease is most often caused by B and C serotype. Main aim was to track occurence and other epidemiologic aspects related to invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in the Czech Republic from 2007 to 2016, focusing on serotype B and summarize available vaccinations which are used to fight disease mentioned above. Another was to analyse usage of Bexsero vaccination in the Czech Republic, hand in hand with number of spontaneous reports of adverse events after vaccination. Methodology: To assess epidemiologic aspects related to IMD data from the Centre of epidemiology and microbiology were used (years 2007 - 2016). Vaccination utilization was analysed based on data from the State Institue of Drug Control and expressed as number of packages. Central database of spontaneous adverse events reports was used to determine number and character of reports. Results: In period 2007-2016 there was a decrease in meningococcal disease...
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MenB vaccine uptake and number of reported cases with MenB infection
Švédová, Monika ; Zimčíková, Eva (advisor) ; Marešová, Helena (referee)
MenB vaccine uptake and number of reported cases with MenB infection Author: Monika Švédová Supervisor: PharmDr. Eva Zimčíková, Ph.D. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction and aims: Meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis is global issue and it's known for its epidemical potential. In Europe, this disease is most often caused by B and C serotype. Main aim was to track occurence and other epidemiologic aspects related to invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in the Czech Republic from 2007 to 2016, focusing on serotype B and summarize available vaccinations which are used to fight disease mentioned above. Another was to analyse usage of Bexsero vaccination in the Czech Republic, hand in hand with number of spontaneous reports of adverse events after vaccination. Methodology: To assess epidemiologic aspects related to IMD data from the Centre of epidemiology and microbiology were used (years 2007 - 2016). Vaccination utilization was analysed based on data from the State Institue of Drug Control and expressed as number of packages. Central database of spontaneous adverse events reports was used to determine number and character of reports. Results: In period 2007-2016 there was a decrease in meningococcal disease...
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Tick-borne encephalitis vaccination and awareness of the disease risk factors in selected age group in South Bohemian Region
RŮŽIČKOVÁ, Veronika
The thesis is devoted to the issue of vaccination problematics and awareness of tick-borne encephalitis in a selected population group in South Bohemia. For the needs of research, the selected group was composed of students of secondary schools and grammar schools in the South Bohemian Region in the age group from 13 to 19 years old. The objectives of this work was to analyze the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis in the Czech Republic and the South Bohemian Region between 2000 and 2015, to compare the vaccination in the Czech Republic with the other European countries, to find the vaccination of a selected age group in the South Bohemian Region and to analyze the level of awareness of the risks of tick-borne encephalitis by the polling method and the attitude of the age group to vaccination against this disease. To achieve the objectives was used a secondary analysis of the data from the EpiDat system, where the incidence of the disease was detected in the period in the South Bohemian Region and the Czech Republic. The questionnaire survey was used to obtain awareness on observed disease and attitude of the study group towards vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis. The conclusions of the questionnaire survey were obtained on the basis of statistical processing in the MS Excel spreadsheet. For my significant findings from my research, I consider 80% of the vaccination in the monitored group. Information on tick-borne encephalitis in most cases did not get the respondents from a doctor, but from family members, from the internet or from television. However, information on vaccination is given to respondents to a greater extent. Contributions by insurance companies do not motivate more than half of respondents to inoculation. Research has also shown, that respondents have insufficient information about the amount of the contribution and whether their insurance company provide the contribution at all. In view of these circumstances, I consider the increased promotion of this vaccination by insurance companies to be very desirable.
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Vaccination against the papilomavirus infections at female students 8th and 9 elementary school classes in the region Písek and their awareness of the issues
MAREŠOVÁ, Lucie
This dissertation thesis touches very current and among public and experts often discussed topic. It concerns particularly matter of papillomaviral infections and vaccination against them. The research proved vaccination-coverage level of respondents and also their knowledge level. The vaccination-coverage level of girls is very high (almost 80%). A lot of girls also used possibility of full vaccination in the age of 13. This dissertation thesis should serve as a source and summary information about HPV viruses, diseases caused by them, about ways of transmission and epidemiological measures. Furthermore it also informs about cervical cancer, risk factors, diagnostical possibilities, therapy and at last but not lest about prevention of cervical carcinoma.
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The question of mandatory vaccination and vaccination coverage
Borovcová, Anna ; Bezchlebová, Daniela (advisor) ; Fabiánová, Jana (referee)
The main concern of this thesis is the issue of mandatory vaccination and vaccination coverage in the Czech Republic. Therefore it focuses on all vaccines against infectious diseases which are now mandatory for all of the children: measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus, viral hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. The goal of this thesis is to illustrate the importance and benefits of vaccination on incidence and mortality of these diseases. Another part of this thesis is also description of methodology which is used to gather data about vaccination coverage and what the results are. In this part Liberec Region is used as an example. As a result of the unsuitable methodology which is used for data gathering in the Czech Republic, it was not possible to say whether the vaccination coverage de-creases in time. The thesis itself provides an information overview about vaccination which is important from demographic point of view and it also might be an impulse for changing current methodology of data collection.
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Measles - possibilities of managing unsatisfactory epidemiological situation in Europe
MERVARDOVÁ, Eliška
This thesis focuses on the epidemiological situation in the incidence of measles in the Czech Republic and possibilities of influencing their unfavourable situation in Europe. Measles is a highly contagious disease of viral origin, which has a significant impact on the health of the child population in particular. The most effective protection against the measles is vaccination. The introduction of measles vaccination positively affected the epidemiological situation in the world. Priority of the WHO (World Health Organization, WHO, hereinafter) is elimination of the measles. The long term goal of the WHO and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC hereinafter) was the elimination of measles in the European region by 2010. This goal was not achieved. The cause was low immunization coverage of certain population groups in several European countries. The prerequisite of achieving elimination of measles is that the vaccination coverage in the population is high. Many countries, thanks to effective vaccination strategy, succeeded in reducing the incidence of measles. In the years 2007- 2009 the historically lowest incidence, of less than 10 measles cases per million inhabitants, in the European region was achieved. In subsequent years, there was again a rise in measles morbidity. A repeated rise in cases of the disease is attributed to the expansion of social groups where vaccination coverage was inadequate in terms of achieving herd immunity. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is divided into four main chapters. The first chapter describes the history of measles, the origin of the name of the disease and the first mention of it. The second theoretical chapter is devoted to the clinical characteristics of measles. In subchapters it describes the clinical picture of the disease, possible complications of the disease, how the infection is diagnosed and what treatment options there are. The third chapter defines the epidemiological characteristics of the disease. The subheads are aimed at the cause of the disease, possible ways of transmission, incubation period, period of communicability, susceptibility and incidence of this disease. At last, the fourth chapter of the theoretical part desribes possible epidemiological measures, which include measles surveillance, preventive and repressive measures and vaccination. The practical part of the thesis was elaborated through quantitative research - secondary data analysis. Analysed data were obtained from the information system for reporting and recording infectious diseases EPIDAT on Regional Hygiene Station of South Bohemian Region, based in Budweis and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. The data on population, in terms of age groups and individual regions, were drawn from the demographic yearbooks, which are available on the website of the Czech Statistical Office. The resulting data were subsequently processed in tabular and graphical forms in Microsoft Excel. The research objectives were: 1) to set charting trends in the incidence of measles in the Czech Republic and Central Europe over the period 2004-2013, 2) to compare the incidence of measles in the individual regions of the Czech Republic, and 3) to identify the reasons for gaps in vaccination coverage against measles in the South Bohemian Region. Based on the above stated objectives, the five research questions were defined. The results are intended to highlight the issues of possible adverse influence on the epidemiological situation in the incidence of measles in Europe. This thesis can be used as a source of information on trends in incidence, vaccine development and immunization status for measles.
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Health and social issues of vaccination
OLIVOVÁ, Vladimíra
The system of vaccination in the Czech Republic has a long tradition and the protection of public health and maintenance of a high immunization coverage in the population have always been a priority. The main goal of this bachelor's thesis is to perform an analysis of the morbidity levels of infectious diseases against which voluntary or mandatory vaccination is available in children and adults and of their social and health impacts, provide a rationale for vaccination and demonstrate the consequences of vaccine denialism. The theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis is based upon the analysis of scientific literature and represents a comprehensive introduction to the concept of vaccination, including a brief overview of the course, consequences and current spread of selected infectious diseases against which vaccination is available. The practical part of the bachelor's thesis is a combination of a secondary data analysis and quantitative research investigation utilizing the method of anonymous questionnaires, aimed at uncovering the opinions of citizens on the vaccination of children and adults. Three hypotheses were formulated. The H1 hypothesis that "The opinions of respondents concerning vaccination will differ based on their age", The H2 hypothesis that "Respondents with tertiary education have more information on the course and potential consequences of infectious diseases which can be vaccinated against" and The H3 hypothesis that "Younger respondents make use of the subsidization of non-mandatory vaccination provided by the insurance companies more often". The issue of vaccination has become an often-discussed topic in the recent years, in particular in relation to vaccination mandates. Vaccination objectors and organized anti-vaccination movements have begun to appear, resulting in undue emphasis being placed on detrimental side effects of vaccination, while ignoring the risks of infectious diseases and their health and social impacts.
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Evaluation of the vaccination against the papilomaviruses at the students of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice
SHÝBALOVÁ, Ivana
The diploma work concerns the actual problem of papilomavirus infection and the vaccination against its originators. The gravity lies in the human-organism attack and the further proceeding changes in the human cells and mucous membranes. In many cases this leads to the pre-cancer states or even worse, to the cervix carcinoma. The work is divided into two parts, first theory, and second practice. The aim was to evaluate the vaccination against papilomviruses at the female-students of the University firstly, secondly to map the topic knowledge, and thirdly to monitor if the female-students visit their gynaecologist on regular basis. The theory concerns all the epidemiology, virology, clinical and diagnosis aspects of the papilomavirus infections, including the vaccination as a prevention possibility. In practice, there were run two anonymous questionnaire searches, first aimed on the female-students, second on the male-students only. The questions were focused on the level of the topic knowledge and the level of the both sex students vaccination, including the reasons of their non-interest in the possible vaccination, next the frequency of the girls? screenings in the gynaecologist practices. The research proved certain level of the respondents? topic knowledge and compared the existing differences among faculties. Another research conclusion is that the vaccination of the female-respondents is not very high, only 23,75% has already been vaccinated against the virus. Many young ladies underestimate the vaccination, and have more or less serious reasons why not to have them vaccinated. More than half of the respondents don?t do so because of the vaccine high price. This work should serve the women and young ladies, but also the young men as a source of the needed information. This means to improve the virus knowledge itself, its means of transmission, the diagnosis process or the treatment possibilities; overall the ways of primary prevention, with the ways of infection expanding prevention.
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