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Survey of students' knowledge and teachers' attitudes to the topic of terrestrial plants photosynthesis in basic school education
ŠOBR, Zdeněk
This thesis focuses on the pupil's knowledge about photosynthesis, biomass, the teacher's attitude to teaching these issues including the use of digital educational resources. The focal point of this thesis is a questionnaire survey among primary school teachers and students, which examines the level of knowledge and personal attitudes of both groups of respondents to teaching this topic and its digitization. 154 pupils and 10 teachers from 5 different primary schools were involved in the survey. An analysis of a number of textbooks published by Fraus was also included. The results confirmed that misconceptions, which have already been described in the past, remain among the students. These include, for example: "The plant breathes when it is not performing photosynthesis. The main reason why plants perform photosynthesis is oxygen production. The plant breathes carbon dioxide and exhales oxygen." The literature and the results of this study suggest that using modern aids in science classes and in self-study could be a solution to dealing with misconceptions.
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Secondary school students' misconceptions about organization and function of human body
PROCHÁZKOVÁ, Jana
In the diploma thesis, misconceptions in the curriculum of human biology in the third and fourth grades of four-year grammar schools were ascertained by means of a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was filled in by 92 pupils who had already gone through the thematic unit of human biology. The questionnaire was focused particularly on the circulatory, excretory and respiratory systems. After evaluating the questionnaire, specific misconceptions were identified, especially in the circulatory system. Based on the identified misconceptions, a methodological material was created, which should help to eliminate them in teaching. In one case, the methodological material was verified in practice at the grammar school and in the other case at the MS Teams through so-called focus groups.
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Primary school children's preconceptions of human-animal relationship
Buryšková, Kateřina ; Stará, Jana (advisor) ; Krčmářová, Tereza (referee)
The diploma thesis focuses on the research of understanding of different aspects of the relationship between humans and animals in primary school children. The aim of the thesis is to find out what preconceptions children of early school age have about, for example, animal husbandry, domestication or killing animals for different purposes. The theoretical part defines the term animal, introduces the discipline of human-animal studies and presents some of the existing research findings on children's relationship with animals. It also discusses how the topic is covered in the first, second and third grade textbooks and in the Framework Education Programme for Elementary Education. Finally, it characterises constructivism and children's interpretations of the world. The practical part describes the research methodology. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews with first grade students and the results were analysed by the method of open coding and interpreted. The results indicate that that students hold the largest number of misconceptions in the area of livestock. KEYWORDS: primary school children, children's understanding, preconceptions, constructivism, qualitative research, semi-structured interview, human-animal relationship
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Students preconceptions about heat and temperature
Čečák, Michal ; Mandíková, Dana (advisor) ; Kácovský, Petr (referee)
This thesis deals with the preconceptions and misconceptions of students in the field of heat and temperature. Here is an overview of textbooks for elementary and secondary schools with topics concerning heat and temperature. This thesis contains a brief characteristic of notions preconceptions and misconceptions, characteristic of Active Learning methods and characteristic of Interactive Lecture Demonstrations. This thesis also contains research of Students preconceptions and misconceptions about heat and temperature (mainly students of grammar schools). For this research was used HTCE test. Results of the research are processed for all students and for students of each class. There are three worksheets (translated from English), which should help with removing misconceptions.
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Pupil`s preconceptions in geometrical optics
Zedník, Michal ; Mandíková, Dana (advisor) ; Kolářová, Růžena (referee)
I was concerned with the preconceptions of the pupils in the area of geometric optics in my diploma work. I did the research among the pupils of grammar schools and multi-annual secondary schools. The used test contained ten questions. My choice of the questions was based on the researches concerning the misconceptions in optics that have been already done. I also mention the survey of these researches in my diploma work. I compiled the summary of the textbooks that are used at grammar schools and in the lower degrees of secondary schools in the next part. These textbooks are focused on the topics contained in the questions of the test. The survey of the testing results creates main part of my diploma work. I tested before and after the teaching of optics 162 pupils from eight classes of grammar schools and multi-annual secondary schools took part in the investigation. The table with the most frequent misconceptions that were ascertained during the testing is part of this survey. I devoted to the differences in the results between the pupils from grammar schools and multi-annual secondary schools and also the differences in the results of boys and girls.
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Evidence concerning pupils'preconceptions of intellectual disability in the context of the paradigm shift in today's education
Pivarč, Jakub
This dissertation thesis is designed as a theoretical and research survey focusing on the currently marginalised issue of intact pupils' preconceptions of intellectual disability. The survey aims to outline the concept of intellectual disability concisely and to accentuate the current paradigm shift in education with regards to integration and inclusion. Particular attention was paid to the theoretical and epistemological basis of preconceptions as well as to the current state of scientific knowledge of the presented area. Research was conducted in order to analyse and characterise intact pupils' preconceptions of intellectual disability. Furthermore, the empirical study aimed to determine whether pupils' preconceptions differ depending on their gender, year of school attended and the declared experience of persons with intellectual disability. A transversal quantitative survey was conducted at 22 mainstream basic schools in the Czech Republic. The research sample consisted of 2230 intact pupils attending the 5th , 7th and 9th forms of basic schools. Data were collected by means of mind mapping and non-standardised questionnaire of our own construction. The findings demonstrate that pupils perceive the phenomenon of intellectual disability in terms of medical paradigm (emphasising the...
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Lesson "zero" in textbooks of the French as a foreign language
Kodrasová, Kristýna ; Klinka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Nováková, Sylva (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of first lessons of teaching French as a foreign language which are important to stimulate children's interest in learning a new language, they are often called "lessons zero". The aim of this thesis is to describe and to compare lessons zero in different French textbooks and then assess them and show the possibilities for the teaching of first lessons. In the first part, the thesis deals with the psychological terms associated with lessons zero: preconception and motivation and their use in the first lessons of language teaching, then the thesis focuses on the lesson zero itself (its characteristics, goals, preparation, problematic points). The practical part is an analysis of ten chosen French textbooks, which are divided according to applied methods, audience age and the country of origin. During the analysis, the thesis works at first with lessons zero in concrete textbook and then it deals in more details with several specific criteria: name, number of pages, content, position of writing, use or non-use of mother language, activities on preconceptions, games, civilizations and visual aspect of lesson zero in chosen textbooks, which then compares. Based on the textbooks analysis of lesson zero in various textbooks that proved that they are heterogeneous in many...
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Art expression as a means of determining the knowledge of selected subject in pupils of primary school
KAVKOVÁ, Šárka
This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of knowledge and ideas of pupils how they understand human organ systems. Knowledge is verified based on spontaneous production of children's drawings using a thematic didactic test. The thesis uses cross-sectional research involving a total of 118 pupils from the first to the fifth class of the primary school. For the research project, pupils were given a blank piece A4 sized paper and were asked to draw the organ systems in their body. Research tables have been created from a set of drawings and common characters. The results of the research show level of understanding of human organ systems in individual classes.
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Evidence concerning pupils'preconceptions of intellectual disability in the context of the paradigm shift in today's education
Pivarč, Jakub
This dissertation thesis is designed as a theoretical and research survey focusing on the currently marginalised issue of intact pupils' preconceptions of intellectual disability. The survey aims to outline the concept of intellectual disability concisely and to accentuate the current paradigm shift in education with regards to integration and inclusion. Particular attention was paid to the theoretical and epistemological basis of preconceptions as well as to the current state of scientific knowledge of the presented area. Research was conducted in order to analyse and characterise intact pupils' preconceptions of intellectual disability. Furthermore, the empirical study aimed to determine whether pupils' preconceptions differ depending on their gender, year of school attended and the declared experience of persons with intellectual disability. A transversal quantitative survey was conducted at 22 mainstream basic schools in the Czech Republic. The research sample consisted of 2230 intact pupils attending the 5th , 7th and 9th forms of basic schools. Data were collected by means of mind mapping and non-standardised questionnaire of our own construction. The findings demonstrate that pupils perceive the phenomenon of intellectual disability in terms of medical paradigm (emphasising the...
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Students preconceptions about heat and temperature
Čečák, Michal ; Mandíková, Dana (advisor) ; Kácovský, Petr (referee)
This thesis deals with the preconceptions and misconceptions of students in the field of heat and temperature. Here is an overview of textbooks for elementary and secondary schools with topics concerning heat and temperature. This thesis contains a brief characteristic of notions preconceptions and misconceptions, characteristic of Active Learning methods and characteristic of Interactive Lecture Demonstrations. This thesis also contains research of Students preconceptions and misconceptions about heat and temperature (mainly students of grammar schools). For this research was used HTCE test. Results of the research are processed for all students and for students of each class. There are three worksheets (translated from English), which should help with removing misconceptions.
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