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Population structure of flower chafer Oxythyrea funesta (Poda, 1761) and phylogeny of the genus Oxythyrea Mulsant, 1842
Vondráček, Dominik ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Bezděk, Aleš (referee)
Eleven species are distinguished in the genus Oxythyrea Mulsant, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) nowadays. They are not divided into subspecies. Diversity of the genus is concentrated in the Mediterranean and Oxythyrea funesta (Poda, 1761) inhabit a wide area in the western Palearctic Region. It was observed in last decades, that O. funesta retreated from central Europe to south and then recolonized it back including new areas in northern regions. Master thesis is focused on resolving population structure of O. funesta and partial phylogeny of the genus Oxythyrea using molecular genetic methods. 145 individuals of O. funesta and 15 individuals of five other species of the genus Oxythyrea appear in analysis. We acquired sequences of mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase I (807 bp), cytochrome b (381 bp) and nuclear gene internal transcribed spacer 1 (946 bp) from these specimens. The results of phylogenetic analysis confirmed so far the only one existing interpretation of relationships within the genus Oxythyrea based on morphological data. We also confirmed complicated relationships between O. funesta and O. pantherina, which also appear in the historical development of their taxonomy. We detected different genetic lineage in Sicily, southern Italy and Tunisia using phylogenetic trees and haplotype...
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Microevolutionary processes in the Czech endemic Campanula bohemica
Hanušová, Kateřina ; Suda, Jan (advisor) ; Vít, Petr (referee)
The genus Campanula L. - bellflower - is the largest group of the family Campanulaceae with a subcosmopolitan distribution and poorly resolved infrageneric classification. The evolutionary history of the genus has been shaped by a number of microevolutionary processes, including interspecific hybridization, genome duplication and geographical isolation, that resulted in the genesis of several endemic or geographically restricted species. The centre of endemism in the Czech Republic lies in subalpine altitudes of the Jeseníky and the Krkonoše (Giant) mountains, where three endemic taxa can be found: C. gelida Kovanda, C. rotundifolia L. subsp. sudetica (Hruby) Soó and C. bohemica Hruby. Despite their evolutionary and biogeographical value, there is a lack of information about their phenotypic variation, population structure, evolutionary history and processes acting in their populations. A critical assessment of these topics would require application of modern biosystematics tools. Campanula bohemica is an endangered neoendemics of higher altitudes in the Krkonoše Mts., closely related to C. scheuchzeri Vill., native to the Alps. The endemic species often grows in sympatry with related and morphologically similar C. rotundifolia. The incidence of intermediate morphotypes suggest that both species can...
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The structure of the population by sex - Czech Republic
KALBÁČOVÁ, Jana
This bachelor thesis discuss demography, respectively demography changes in the Czech Republic, in the field of population structure in accordance with the biological characters. There is captured an attempt of understanding the influence of the mutual gendre structure, some demographic processes and phenomenon. Secondly there is an attempt to identify factors influencing the structure. Particularly focusing on historical development number of men and women in the Czech Republic by gendre level, as well as the age level and spatial diferential of the population by gender. It presents different types of the counties, districts and Administration office with Municipal extended powers by studied structures. The thesis contains the cartographic outputs, tables, graphs.
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Indicatours of sustainable development social pillar at the local level
Kučerová, Zita ; Kyselka, Mojmír (referee) ; Doc.PhDr.Jana Šafránková,CSc. (referee) ; Staňková, Eva (referee) ; Koutný, Jan (advisor)
The aim of the thesis is to find the answer, whether it is plausible to monitor social cohesion of the municipality and how to measure this cohesion, which is one of the essential pillars of sustainable development. In order to find out, analysis of approaches and measurements of the sustainable development social pillar in international and Czech environment was carried out. Social pillar was identified and described also at the local level. Within the framework of the sustainable development social pillar at the municipal level three main thematic blocks are proposed: • Social environment quality of the municipality • Social-demographic population structure of the municipality • Contentment and participation in the public affairs These themes should be monitored by the set of indicators proposed in this thesis. It aimed to cover all dimensions of social cohesion which are significant and well-founded in the context of the territorial planning process. These indicators can be followed in the direct relationship with the population size and regional importance of the observed territorial unit at the local level and they are not separated from the concept of indicators monitoring at other – territorially higher – levels. Outcomes, analysis and interpretation of attained values could become the basis for the “territorial sustainable development analysis” (part of territorial planning instruments according to contemporary legal regulations), representing social pillar. All phenomenon and processes must be evaluated in the context with other sustainable development pillars and afterwards they should become another suitable instrument for measurement of the fulfilling the territorial planning aims.
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Indicatours of sustainable development social pillar at the local level
Kučerová, Zita ; Kyselka, Mojmír (referee) ; Doc.PhDr.Jana Šafránková,CSc. (referee) ; Staňková, Eva (referee) ; Koutný, Jan (advisor)
The aim of the thesis is to find the answer, whether it is plausible to monitor social cohesion of the municipality and how to measure this cohesion, which is one of the essential pillars of sustainable development. In order to find out, analysis of approaches and measurements of the sustainable development social pillar in international and Czech environment was carried out. Social pillar was identified and described also at the local level. Within the framework of the sustainable development social pillar at the municipal level three main thematic blocks are proposed: • Social environment quality of the municipality • Social-demographic population structure of the municipality • Contentment and participation in the public affairs These themes should be monitored by the set of indicators proposed in this thesis. It aimed to cover all dimensions of social cohesion which are significant and well-founded in the context of the territorial planning process. These indicators can be followed in the direct relationship with the population size and regional importance of the observed territorial unit at the local level and they are not separated from the concept of indicators monitoring at other – territorially higher – levels. Outcomes, analysis and interpretation of attained values could become the basis for the “territorial sustainable development analysis” (part of territorial planning instruments according to contemporary legal regulations), representing social pillar. All phenomenon and processes must be evaluated in the context with other sustainable development pillars and afterwards they should become another suitable instrument for measurement of the fulfilling the territorial planning aims.
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Gender differences according to demographic indicators in the Czech Republic
Tokhyan, Ani ; Šimpach, Ondřej (advisor) ; Dotlačilová, Petra (referee)
Gender statistics constitute the main tool, which enables the exploration of differences between males and females in different areas, not only demographic, economic and social. On a daily basis, we encounter statistical indicators which show different results for males and females. In the introduction of this bachelor thesis, basic terms relating to gender are defined. It focuses mainly on the most used terminology in the field of gender issues, which has been substantially influenced by the modern society. After collecting necessary data from the Czech Statistical Office and other sources open to public, the second part of the thesis describes selected demographic indicators by gender. This is done firstly for the Czech Republic as a whole and then at the level of NUTS 3 regions. In the third part, gender differences and relations between studied indicators are expressed with the aid of various graphs and several analyses of selected demographic indicators. It captures especially the diverse age and education structure, employment rate etc. The fourth, final, part focuses on organizations within the Czech Republic, which actively pursue gender issues.
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Marital status as a differentiating factor in demographic behavior
Nedomová, Radka ; Pechholdová, Markéta (advisor) ; Nývlt, Ondřej (referee)
Diploma thesis explores the diversity of demographic behavior depending on marital status and is aimed at summarizing the effect of marital status on demographic behavior as a whole. The first phase deals with the concepts of impact of marital status on demographic behavior, explains the theory of selection and causality and outlines the historical development of nuptiality and divorce by using basic indicators. The practical part is based on the results of Population and Housing Censuses during the period 1961-2011 and compares the changes in the structure of the Czech population by sex, age and marital status between censuses. Emphasis is placed on the period after 1990. Furthermore, in separate chapters is mapped out how marital status affects demographic processes of fertility, abortion, nuptiality and mortality. In the case of fertility exploration is emphasized increasing extramarital fertility, as more and more children are born outside marriage, especially to single mothers. By using age-specific and standardized rates are analyzed changes in the development of individual demographic processes between censuses for all categories of marital status. Standardization of mortality for the years 1961, 1970 and 1980 is made on the basis of the formation of shortened life tables and the subsequent modeling of mortality at higher ages. In connection of changing structure of the population by marital status, as the proportion of unmarried and divorced people is growing and the share of people living in a marriage is decreasing, is judged attitude of the Czech public toward marriage and family according to surveys results available.
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Phylogeography of \kur{Boloria eunomia} and comparison with similarly distributed species
MAREŠOVÁ, Jana
Phylogeography, phylogeny and population structure were studied in two similarly distributed butterflies, the Bog Fritillary (Boloria eunomia) and the Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary (Boloria selene). Sequences of mitochondrial gen for COI and nuclear Wingless and Arginine Kinase were used for analyses, for reconstruction of evolutionary relationships within both species and for comparison of phylogeography patterns.
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Population genetics of two endangered fritillary butterflies in the Moravian Carpathians
LEŠTINA, Dan
Annotation Populations of two sympatric large fritillary species, the High Brown Fritillary (Argynnis adippe) and the Niobe Fritillary (A. niobe), were studied using microsatellite markers to assess and compare potential population subdivision in a relatively preserved landscape of the Czech part of the Carpathians. The results are confronted with data obtained from a smaller-scale mark-release-recapture study, with species? known life histories and namely with their conservation status, all of which is also considered in explaining the obtained patterns of genetic diversity.
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