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Nutritional disorders in patients with Huntington's disease
Procházková, Tereza ; Klempíř, Jiří (advisor) ; Kosheleva, Svetlana (referee)
OF THE BACHELOR THESIS This thesis deals with the issue of nutritional disorders in Huntington's disease. Huntington's disease is an incurable, neurodegenerative, autosomal dominant inherited disease. The prevalence of Huntington's disease in Western society is 10.6-13.7 / 100,000 individuals. The disease is manifested by disorders of free motor control, speech, swallowing, postural instability, cognitive deterioration and various behavioral changes. An integral part of the disease is unwanted weight loss. In the various stages of the disease, the causes of the development of nutritional disorders may differ and combine with each other. In the theoretical part, the chapters are devoted to the etiology and pathogenesis, pathology, clinical manifestations, forms and stages of the disease, nutritional disorders and their classification, methods of nutritional status examination and specific causes of nutritional disorders that occur in each stage of the disease. A special chapter focuses on the classification of nutritional disorders according to the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, which was applied in the research. The practical part aims to examine the nutritional status and evaluate eating habits in a group of patients with Huntington's disease through clinical and...
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Nutritional care and eating habits of people living with HIV
Tomanová, Michaela ; Starnovská, Tamara (advisor) ; Procházka, Ivo (referee)
The relationships between nutritional status, infectious diseases, and the immune system suggest that nutrition is an indisputable cofactor in the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. One of the main complications of HIV infection is multifactorial malnutrition, however, overweight and obesity have become more frequent. A specialized nutritional intervention should be an integral part of routine medical care for people living with HIV. It has been shown that the incidence of wasting syndrome and critical malnutrition among people living with HIV has significantly decreased simultaneously with the side effects of modern antiretroviral drugs. The side effects of modern antiretroviral therapy are much less common than previous generations of drugs. On the other hand, the prevalence of obesity and other chronic diseases associated with it has increased significantly among people living with HIV. The practical part describes and evaluates the monitoring of eating habits of 10 people living with HIV. The aim of this work was to provide a summary of information about proper nutritional care for this population, to evaluate the eating habits of the respondents and to come up with a potentional nutritional intervention and education. Lack of macro and micronutrients and poor eating...
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Creatine monohydrate as a part of sarcopenia prevention in geriatric patients
Šaier, Martin ; Vágnerová, Tereza (advisor) ; Topinková, Eva (referee)
Introduction: Sarcopenia is a disease with a high prevalence in the elderly population and a significant negative impact on quality of life. Physical activity along with adequate nutritional intervention are key to mitigating these effects. Methods: The research was conducted using a questionnaire survey in which 113 nursing homes participated. The quality of nutritional care in these facilities was determined using a survey. Results: A total of 113 nursing homes were included in the research. Of these, 57% of facilities had a registered dietitian available. Nursing homes assess the presence of malnutrition at least 4 times a year in 74% of cases, of which they most often use changes in weight (80 %) and monitoring of food intake (70 %). Only 50 % of the facilities use validated nutritional screening tool. 83 % of the facilities apply nutritional support, most often in the form of diet modification and sipping (98 %). They use food fortifications less often, in a total of 57 % of facilities. The presence of a registered dietitian is affected by the size of the facility, with the larger ones being available to the registered dietitian at a higher frequency. The presence of a registered dietitian in the facility significantly positively affects the frequency of detection of malnutrition (P = 0.039)....
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Malnutrition - Causes nad Preventive Measures
Veselá, Kristýna ; Křížová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Jambor, Daniel (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of malnutrition, its causes and prevention. The aim of this thesis is to find out, wheter the respondetns of the questionnaire survey prevent by their habits the development of malnutrition. The number of participants of this survey is 347 in productive age, women are 212 and men are 135. In the theoretical part of this thesis, there is a desription of the importance of nutritents (macronutrients and micronutrients), there are also desription od nutrition intake disorder and their causes (health, psychical, social, lifestyle factors) and prevention, especially nutritional recommendations. The practical part of this thesis analyzes data obtained by the survey using quantitative method. The questionnare is devided into three parts: anthropometric, factors of life-style, factors of health status. Based on the results of analysis of questionare, it was found that most of the respondents neither men nor women do prevent the development of malnutrtion by behavioral habits, women are better in terms of lifestyle factors. Key words Nutrition, malnutrition, obesity, undernutrition, prevention
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Potravinová bezpečnost v kontextu nutriční epidemiologie na území Angolské republiky
Jurčová, Anna
The aim of the thesis is to analyze food security in Angola and suggest recommendations for improving the level of nourishment. The thesis is divided into theoretical, analytical and proposal section. The first part is focused on measuring food security, nutritional epidemiology and malnutrition. The second part is an analysis of food security, demographic trends and development indicators. In the proposal section are introduced possible solutions to ensure adequate food security in Angola.
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Směry vývoje potravinové (ne)bezpečnosti - případová studie států Kambodža a Laos
Tlustá, Andrea
This Bachelor's thesis is concerning itself with the development of food safety in Cambodia and Laos. The thesis is divided into a theoretical, analytical and a projecting part. The theoretical part provides the definitions of basic demographic indicators, di-mensions, food security factors and adequate nourishment. The second part covers ana-lyses of birth rates, infant mortality, food security according to FAO indicators and ba-sic eating habits. The projecting part provides possible solutions based on the obtained information.
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Potravinová bezpečnost v regionu Jižní Ameriky - případová studie Venezuela, region Apure
Štachová, Zuzana
Bachelor thesis analysis food security in the Venezuelan region Apure. Theoretical part is focused on definition and description of food security, pillars of food security, nutrition and malnutrition, Global food security index, Millennium development goals and FAO policy in Latin America. Analytical section characterises Venezuela and Apue region, economic crisis in Venezuela, analyses Global food security index in region and implementation of Millennium development goals. Last part suggest possible solutions of ensure food security.
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Dětská podvýživa v Peru: modelový příklad projektu v nativních komunitách Chirikyacu a Aviación v regionu San Martín
Černovická, Vendula
The diploma thesis deals with children´s malnutrition in Peruvian department of San Martín. The issue is related to children´s health condition as well as to diseases linked with deficiency of nutrients, which can have impact on their physical and mental development. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the effectivity of the project conducted in the native communities of Chirikyacu and Aviación during the period of ten months between May 2015 and March 2016. Theoretic part of this thesis is aimed at technical aspects of malnutrition and nutrition as well as at health support programs in Peru, which are established in order to improve the local situation. The goal of the thesis was achieved by conducting a local survey research focused on nutrition and feeding habits in the community. Value of effect is measured by the comparison of feeding habits before the educational program and after its termination. The project was aimed at educating mothers in the field of children´s care such as hygienic habits, proper nutrition and sufficient standard of aliments so that the correct development of child is not threatened. Results of the investigation have shown that on the base of the realized project the majority of mothers have changed their previous way of thinking about products suitable for health of the family.
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The dependency of the standard of living in Southern Africa on land as the main factor of GDP growth
Mukucha, Charlotte Prisca
The Southern African region is constantly in debate regarding land management and redistribution from the hands of colonisers who are the minority to the black majority, the argument behind being that it is empowerment and indigenisation of the locals. One of the most ‘famous’ land reform programmes occurred in Zimbabwe, 2000 which did not go so well as anticipated and planned. Yet some African leaders think that this was a bold move made by Africa’s longest serving president and oldest ( the late R.G.Mugabe), and intend to follow the same route while in some countries such as Namibia and Tanzania are slowing repossessing the land. This paper seeks to investigate if ever since land reforms began in the region if the countries have managed to achieve the most basic and important development as interpreted by the Millennium Development Goals that is reducing hunger and poverty by 50% throughout the life span of the MDGs. Simply put the goal is to asses if land is efficiently put to use as it is regarded the main source of living in developing countries. The literature review analysed what constitutes development, how it can be achieved and how it is measured. Studies have proved that agriculture is a vital part of the region and Africa at large. This study made use of secondary annual aggregated data from databases of international institutions. Unit roots tests were applied and regression analysis was applied to ascertain the importance of the agricultural sector in the region. The results show that despite the agricultural sector employing majority of the people it is failing to produce favourable economic results but rather worsening the situation. However the situation can be salvaged to improve the sector’s performance.
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Protein focused dietary intake of general wards patients
Kulichová, Štěpánka ; Křížová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Trachta, Pavel (referee)
Introduction: The dietary intake of the elderly, especially the protein intake, is very important as to avoid any complications and for the proper course of hospitalization. Prerequisite for this thesis is that within the general ward we can mostly find elderly patients, therefore, this thesis is focused also on the topic of malnutrition. Malnutrition is very closely connected to the elderly and generally to the dietary intake during hospitalization. Aim: The main aim of this thesis is to outline and review the actual amount of consumed energy and protein of elderly patients in hospitals. The amount is determined by an analysis of returned food and is compared to the recommended intake of energy and protein for individual patients. The objective is also to evaluate possible reasons for the low food intake concerning certain patients. Methods: The energy and protein intake were assessed by the analysis of patient's returned food and then calculated in the nutritional application Nutriservis. The potential reasons for the low food intake concerning the elderly patients were assessed by surveys using frequential, closed-ended questions. A part of the survey was focused on the diet during the stay in the hospital, the other part was inspired by the scale of MNA screening and it was aimed at the BMI...
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