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Geneticky modifikované plodiny a možnosti jejich využití - případová studie v České republice
Pillař, Miroslav
This thesis deals with the topic of genetically modified crops and possibilities of their use in the Czech Republic. The attitude of randomly selected group of Czech citizens toward this technology was evaluated by using the method of semi-standardized interviews and questionnaires. The aim of this work was to document actual situation related to GMO and other usage of modified crops in the Czech Republic. From the results it can be seen that the interest of agricultural subjects regarding mentioned technology is decreasing rapidly. The awareness of respondents was mostly of negative character due to confusion about its effects on human health and the environment. On the contrary the scientific community sees the main problem in environmental and biodiversity threats. Due to the lack of long-term scientific researches it is currently impossible to confirm or disprove advantages or disadvantages brought by this technology. Thus further conclusive scientific studies are needed.
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Polní plevele a jejich výskyt na pozemcích vybraného zemědělského podniku
Martinová, Lucie
The aim of the thesis was to find out the actual weed infestation of selected crops at Mr. Bělín´s farm, which is situated in the Olomouc region in a village called Čelčice. The monitoring was carried out in winter wheat, spring barley, winter rape and sugar beet. Evalution was carried out counting methods and the results of the weed infestation evaluation were processed with the DCA analysis. The canonical corespondence analysis showed that in the winter wheat were found : Tripleurospermum inodorum, Stellaria media, Galium aparine, Lamium purpureum, Brassica napus. In the spring barely were: Capsella bursa-pastoris, Stellaria media, Lamium purpureum, Thlaspi arvense, Galium aparine. In winter rape were: Lamium purpureum, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Tripleurospermum inodorum, Stellaria media, cereals. In sugar beet were: Galium aparine, Chenopodium album, Tripleurospermum inodorum, Amaranthus retroflexus, Polygonum lapathifolium, Atriplex patula.
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Geneticky modifikovaná krmiva
Štefan, Petr
Bachelor thesis deals with genetically modified feeds, which are currently the future in animal nutrition. It deals with the history and development of biotechnology. It also deals with legislative issues in the field of GMO in the Czech Republic, the European Union and in the world. It discusses the importance of GM crops/feeds in animal nutrition. It maps the cultivated crop statistics and the countries most concerned with growing GM crops.
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Vyhodnocení zaplevelení polních plodin na vybraných pozemcích
Němec, Rostislav
The main objective of the thesis is to evaluate the weed infestation of selected field crops on the lands of the agricultural cooperative Klenovice na Hané. The monitoring was carried out from the end of summer 2016 until the beginning of autumn 2017. The selected crops were the most grown ones, barley (Hordeum vulgare), common wheat (Triticum aestivum), rapeseed (Brassica napus var. napus), maize (Zea mays) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris convar. vulgaris var. altissima). The investigation of weed infestation of field crops was carried out during fieldwork using numerical method and the delineation of 1 m2 with following processing using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Mostly were found these kinds of weeds Apera spica-venti, Atriplex patula, Brassica napus var. napus, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Cirsium arvense, Descurainia sophia, Elytrigia repens, Galium aparine, Chenopodium album and Tripleurospermum inodorum.
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Termíny fenologických fází volně rostoucích druhů a řízených ekosystémů
Macková, Jana
This bachelor thesis is focused on phenological phases (so-called phenophases) terms of wildly growing species and controlled ecosystems. The entire thesis is elaborated as literature review based on available Czech, Slovak and international scientific literature. The first part is describing the fundaments of the phenological observations and the temporal shift in the onsets of phenophases in the Czech Republic. The second part is focused mainly on phenological shifts at the European level with respect to climate change characterized by increasing temperature trends. In the case of agricultural (so-called controlled) ecosystems, the work is focused on (in our conditions) the most commonly cultivated crops, i.e. winter wheat and spring barley. The wildly growing species in this work were selected to represent deciduous trees that are the most common in European temperate forests, i.e. common oak, European beech, European white birch and European alder.
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Analýza bilance organické hmoty v zemědělském podniku
Šimor, Ján
This bachelor thesis is focused on the determination and analysis of organic matter balance in soil after crop´s harvest. An experiment was realized at conditions of agricultural enterprise Agrosystém spol. s r.o., Dolné Voderady, which is located at west of Slovakia, in the region of Piešťany. Evaluation of crop residues and grains (resp. beet roots) were gathered from winter wheat, spring barley, oil-seed rape, corn and sugarbeet. All the information was statistically assessed, compared with a special literature and dated into tables and graphs. Based on the results we found out, that average amount of organic matter is 5.38 t dry matter.ha-1. This amount is sufficient because at 1 hectar of soil is decomposed 3.5 - 4.5 t dry matter of organic matter annually. Among of grown crops, the biggest amount of crop residues is given by corn 7.557 t dry matter.ha-1. In next chapter of the results were calculated harvest indexes. Among of the grown crops, the highest harvest index was calculated at sugarbeet 0.808. Among of the grown cereals, the highest harvest index was calculated at spring barley 0.728.
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Development, causalities and perspectives of cultivation of genetically modified and "clear field" crops in the context of world agriculture.
Němečková, Lucie ; Kuchtová, Perla (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
The introduction of genetically modified crops raised controversial reactions that divide not only the professional community into two camps. Considering that rapeseed, soya beans and corn belong to the most important crops of the world, significant attention is given to the development of their GM varieties. Based on available information, a comparative study was compiled involving the effects of genetically modified varieties of these crops on the environment, human and animal health and socio-economic area.
The cultivation of genetically modified crops is profitable especially for companies developing these varieties and for the growers. However it was found that the reduction of the amount of applied herbicides was not achieved as expected. Additionally a negative affect of the active herbicide substances on the environment and human and animal health has been shown. There is a positive impact of the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions due to less frequent entries into the stands. Feeding with GM products also manifested in negative way. There is a very risky possibility of crossing and emergence of resistant weeds, in particular rape and related species as well. The reduction of biodiversity, which is often discussed, was not confirmed in all cases. The changes in the microbial community in the soil have been demonstrated. The coexistence of GM crops with conventional agriculture, and even more ecological agriculture has been shown as problematic.
In accordance with the findings, it is recommended to follow the precautionary principles, to follow the varied crop rotation and to target the production to sustainable agriculture, verified by time and experience.
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Agricultural insurance in the Czech Republic and evaluation of its efficiency in chosen enterprises
Janíčková, Kateřina ; Homolka, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Václav, Václav (referee)
This Bachelor Thesis deals with the issue of agricultural insurance in the Czech
Republic and its subsequent evaluation of its efficiency in four chosen enterprises. This
type of insurance has its specific market position, mainly due to occasional extreme
weather conditions. That is the reason, why an insurance plays an important role
in the agricultural business. The first part of the thesis deals with the history of agricultural
insurance, definition of the insurance concept and its functions, familiarization with
the specific insurance types and finally with an approach of the state´s role in agricultural
insurance support. Furthermore it includes a summary of agricultural insurance products
of insurance institutions at the current insurance market. The second part of The Bachelor
Thesis is devoted to the efficiency evaluation of contractual insurance of chosen
enterprises. The data are arranged into the time series, namely into eleven years and five
years. There are also briefly described the concrete insured events and vividly pointed
the state support amount through the subsidies.
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