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Do Information Cascades Arise Easier under Time Pressure? Experimantal Approach.
Cingl, Lubomír ; Bauer, Michal (advisor) ; Pertold, Filip (referee)
Information cascades as a form of rational herding help to explain real-life phenomena such as fads, fashion, creation of 'bubbles' in financial markets or conformity in general. In this paper I attempt to model propensity to herd and infer its relationship to time-pressure by conducting a laboratory experiment. I let subjects perform a simple cognitive task under different treatment conditions and levels of time pressure with the possibility to herd. The order of decision-making is endogenous and the task is not probabilistic. Rather, I impose uncertainty of private signal by different levels of time pressure. This is expected to make participants prone to imitate the behavior of others. Apart from that I examine the effect of reputation (also called endorsement effect) as an addition to the public pool of information, which is expected to increase the probability to herd. The main findings are that propensity to herd was not significantly influenced by different levels of time pressure. Information cascades arose, but never in a perfect form. Personality traits measured by the Big Five protocol contribute considerably to the explanation of the model, but their relationship is not straightforward. Heart-rate increased during performance of a task, but was not correlated to subjectively stated...
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Interpersonal Check List as a Tool for Assessing Managerial Potential
Hanuš, David ; Bahbouh, Radvan (referee) ; Rymeš, Milan (referee)
The aim of this paper is to verify the applicability of Interpersonal Check List for assessing managerial potential, namely leadership potential. The findings of leadership research are summarized and applicability of Interpersonal Check List is theoretically discussed. Available methods for assessing leadership potential are presented, namely personality inventories and Assessment centre methods. Three data sources including 888 respondents in total are used for the analysis. Empirical tests show that employees in leadership positions score higher in several dimensions of Interpersonal Check List, particularly in managerial - autocratic, competitive - exploitive and blunt - aggresive dimensions. The discussion of these findings leads to the conclusion that the mentioned dimensions could be considered as indicators of leadership potential. Interpersonal Check List is a valid instrument for assessing leadership potential. keywords: leadership, leadership potential, Interpersonal Check List, assessment, personality traits, personnel psychology, assessment centre
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Psychological aspects of headache
Tomečková, Sandra ; Šivicová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Najbrtová, Kristina (referee)
This thesis focuses on the psychological aspects of headaches from different perspectives which can affect patient's life. The theoretical part is divided into several chapters. The first one is devoted to the characteristics of different types of headaches and serves as a theoretical-neurologic background for the following chapters focused on the psychological aspects as mentioned. Next chapters are a mainstay of the thesis that deal with the psychological aspects as possible symptoms of headaches; accompanying psychological phenomenas which patient may face while having a pain attack and also psychological consequences of this health problem. The last chapter is dedicated to the co-morbidity of psychiatric disorders with migraine. In the empirical part a research project exploring the correlation of personality traits and headaches is presented. Keywords Headache, migraine, pain, personality traits, stress, psychiatric disorders, quality of life, psychosomatic
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Understanding Corruption Tolerance: Does Personality Matter?
Salmanova, Aygul ; Rodón, Toni (advisor) ; Sekerdej, Kinga (referee)
Attitudes towards corruption have been attributed to a broad range of macro-level and, to a limited extent, micro-level antecedents. Neglected is academic research on the effect of individual-level psychological factors on the attitudes toward corruption. To fill this gap, this article aims to explore the impact of individuals' personality traits on their willingness to justify corrupt acts, drawing on data from World Values Survey Wave 6. By applying fixed effects models, the study finds that two of five personality traits - consciousness and agreeableness are significantly and negatively associated with individuals' willingness to justify corrupt exchanges. Additionally, the study results show that the association between the personality traits and corruption tolerance varies from country to country: openness to experience, for instance, was significantly and negatively associated with corruption tolerance in Germany, whereas this trend was not observed in the Dutch sample. Among the control variables, age and sex were significant predictors of corruption tolerance as well as the Dutch were less willing to justify corrupt acts than Germans. The study provides empirical and practical implications as well as suggestion for future research.
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Personality of owners of high-risk dog breeds
BREJŠOVÁ, Lucie
This bachelor thesis focuses on the personalities of owners of high-risk breeds of dogs. The theoretical part describes a dog as a part of a human life, characterizes high-risk breeds and personality of dog owners, which is based on current research. The practical part consists of a research trying to discover, whether there are statistically significant differences in personality traits of owners of high-risk breeds of dogs and owners of low-risk large breeds of dogs (18 and more kg), owners of low-risk small breeds of dogs (17 and less kg) and a standardized sample. The research sample consists of 739 respondents aged 21-30 years. The data was collected by an improbable selection method through a social network. Personality traits were measured by the Eysenck EPQ-R and IVE personality questionnaires. The EPQ-R questionnaire consists of 106 items that measure a range of psychoticism, extraversion, neuroticism, lies, addiction and criminality. The IVE questionnaire consists of 54 items that measure the range of impulsivity, adventure and empathy. The research results did not support the theoretical background. Only differences in personality traits were confirmed in female owners of high-risk breeds of dogs. Women owners of high-risk breeds of dogs showed a lower level of psychoticism and neuroticism compared to the standardized sample and a lower level of neuroticism compared to owners of low-risk small breeds of dogs. Furthermore, these women evinced a higher level of extraversion compared to the owners of low-risk large breeds of dogs and low-risk small breeds of dogs. Testing also revealed that owners of high-risk breeds of dogs have a lower level of empathy compared to a standardized sample. There were no statistically significant differences in male dog owners.
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Physical activity and personality structure of women of working age
MIZON, Ruby
The amount of physical activity is usually determined by various factors, so-called biosocial correlates. The female gender is one of the negative correlates. This is why we may presume that women will be less active in comparison with men. The objective of this bachaleor thesis was to determine if personality traits influence the level of physical activity. For these research purposes, 40 randomly selected women in the ages of 20-54 years were picked to contribute with the research. The measurement of physical activity was done with Yamax Digiwalker SW-700 pedometer, which was used by the participants for one whole week in two terms - in May and October 2018. The pedometer showed the total amount of steps per day. The total weekly physical activity was written into a given sheet that recorded all needed information. Establishing personality traits was done with the "Big Five NEO five-factor personal inventory". The data ware stastisticaly processed and evaluated. All psychological data was processed in presence of a psychologist. The results showed, that women that accomplished the norm of health-oriented physical activity (10000 steps a day) showed higher domination in the following personality traits: conscientiousness and extraversion. Women in the age group 20-34 are more active and have lower BMI than women in the age group 35-54. There was no difference in the amount of physical activity amongst women with a dominant personality trait compared with women without a dominant personality trait.
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Motion activity and adult personality structure with focus to women.
PROKSOVÁ, Lenka
This bachelor thesis deals with the physical activity and personality of adult women of the age 20-60 years. Sixty-eight randomly selected women participated in this research. The research tools consisted of a Pedometer Yamax Digiwalker SW-700 and NEO, five-factor personality model. The data collected were analyzed using the unpaired and paired two-sample t-tests. The physical activity measurements were conducted in spring and autumn. With the pre-set hypotheses in mind, it has been concluded that there is no statistically significant correlation between the personality feature of extroversion and a higher level of physical activity. Furthermore, the average physical activity was not higher at weekends, compared to weekdays.
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Association between the personality of the owner and the behavioral profile of their cat
Žežulková, Denisa ; Hroníková, Linda (advisor) ; Bártová, Klára (referee)
Previous studies have shown that we can measure personality not only of humans but of animals as well including domestic cats (Felis catus). Results of studies have also shown that personality of the domestic cat might be influenced by various factors e.g. age, gender or breed of the cat. Although only a few studies were focused on association between owner personality and behavioral profile of their cat. The aim of our study was to explore association between the personality of the owners and the behavioral profile of their cats assessed by their owners. We used correlations for analysing data. The sample included 404 respondents (women), who filled in a Czech translation of BFI-2 and a Czech translation of the Feline Five Questionnaire for their cats (the cat sample consists of 194 males and 210 females). Our results showed a set of correlations between personality factors of the owner and behavioral factors of her cat. The strongest positive correlation was measured between consciousness of the owner and extraversion of her cat. One possible explanation of these associations is based on the Similarity-Attraction Hypothesis, which means that the owner chooses an animal that is similar to her in various characteristics. According to another theory the owner projects her own characteristics into...
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Evaluation of Job Applicants Using Neuroscience
Bank, Tomáš ; Beran, Vítězslav (referee) ; Szőke, Igor (advisor)
This thesis deals with the possibility to evaluate cognitive and emotional traits and their relations to job positions and functions. The basis is to create a set of tests which could be used during a hiring procedure while deciding among candidates. It also suggests how to classify users based on a set of tests and thereby provide support in choosing the right job. The thesis gives a brief outlook of individually tested traits, describes a proposal of a web application and its implementation, describes implementation of neural network classifier and presents obtained results.
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Influence of father and brother on mate choice of heterosexual women in personality traits
Zelenková, Klára ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Šebesta, Pavel (referee)
Mate preferences and choices might be influenced by several factors, including close relatives. According to the imprinting-like effect, people prefer and choose partners similar to those with whom they grew up during childhood. The main aim of our research was to test, whether individuals choose their long-term partners on the basis of similarity (in personality traits) with their parent and/or siblings of the opposite sex (father and/or brother). The final sample of the study consisted of 211 heterosexual women (mean age = 27.34, SD = 5.36) who grew up with their father until at least 12 years of age. Respondents completed a set of questionnaires aimed at personality of their partner, brother, and father (NEO-FFI), the relationship quality with their father/brother during childhood (s-EMBU/QRI), and relationship satisfaction (RAS). Correlation and regression analyses have shown that heterosexual women choose partners similar to their fathers and brothers, especially in neuroticism. However, when compared correlation coefficients, it was found that fathers play a more important role. The retrospectively assessed quality of the relationship between the respondent and her father/brother during childhood did not have any effect on this similarity. Moreover, similarity between father/brother and...
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