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Criminal liability of a doctor for withdrawal and withholding of a medical treatment
Peterková, Helena ; Císařová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Sváček, Jan (referee) ; Salač, Josef (referee)
The making of an end of life decision represents worldwide one of the most difficult issues that physicians can be confronted with - not only should it be regarded as consisting of medical and legal aspects, but ethics and moral values are present as well. Furthermore, it shall not be supposed that the economic parameter is negligible, unfortunately even to the contrary. The fact that the decision is often made by physicians under pressure caused by a system of limited resources (and therefore it can not avoid being distorted ) must be kept in mind. At any rate , according to Czech law under which neither assisted suicide nor life termination on the request is allowed, the legality and legitimacy of withdrawal and withholding of medical treatment is based on the argument of informed consent of the patient, advanced directives and the standard of lege artis treatment. These also shall be pleaded as defences in eventual criminal proceedings.
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Society's view of euthanasia legalization problems
Honsová, Lenka ; Vinopal, Jiří (advisor) ; Lupač, Petr (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on the society's view of the problems of legalization of euthanasia. The thesis is divided into two main parts, the theoretical and the empirical one. The theoretical part consists of the basic terms related to the given problems, further of historical development of euthanasia, countries where euthanasia is legalized, arguments of proponents and opponents of euthanasia and paliative care. The practical part follows after theoretical information and deals with analysis of data gained by a questionnaire research and interpretation of individual findings relating to respondents' general awareness of euthanasia and differences in the view of euthanasia between lay public and professionals. At the end of the thesis, the concrete recommendations in future discussions about euthanasia are proposed on the basis of gained information.
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Dilemmas in thanatology in the 21st century
Řáhová, Anna ; Krahulcová, Beáta (advisor) ; Cimrmannová, Tereza (referee)
Dilemmas in thanatology in the 21st century In the thesis "Dilemmas in thanatology in the 21st century" I focused on the definition of the contradictory questions about the end of human life. I found that most of the respondents of different age groups, who were involved in the care process and responded to the questionnaire, are acquainted with the issue of thanatology. They assess this issue as emotionally challenging, difficult and professionally untreated. In addition, I investigated the needs of helping professions in the issue of communication barriers in the topic of death and dying. I came to the conclusion that communication on this subject is displaced, missing training and there is a lack of the literature on this topic. Due to the unrepresentativeness of the survey I assess the result obtained only as the orientation indicator according to the issue under the investigation. This result rather opens up further contradictory questions in the thanatology.
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Coping of nurses in the care of dying patients
VODIČKOVÁ, Anna
This bachelor work deals with the issue of how nurses treating the dying patients cope with their charge. It is divided into theoretic and empiric parts. The theoretic part includes explanation of basic notions of dying and death. It deals with the method of providing general and specialized palliative care. It also describes the nursing care for a dying human in pre finem, in finem, and post finem phases. It mentiones physical, psychical, and social charge, imposed on nurses by carrying out their profession. In an attempt of solving some of these issues, it offers various methods of coping with these charges, which are described in a special chapter. Last but not least, the theoretical part focuses on specific features of communication with a dying human, with a patient´s family, and within the nursing team. The empiric part of the work sets forth the results of research carried out by means of qualitative approach, using the method of semi-sctructured dialogue. The research set has consisted of nurses from a hospital internal department and from a hospice type facility. Acquired information have been analyzed and categorized by means of open coding with applying the "pencil and paper" method. In consequence with the research, the chief target has been selected, which is to determine the ways of how nurses in palliative treatment cope with their charges. Consequently, there have been two other targets set forth. These have been to ascertain factors imposing on nurses in contatct with a dying person, and to point out to ways of coping with charges. In the process of the research all inquiries concerning the stated targets have been responded. The research shows that the inquired nurses have vast experience with dying patients treatment. As the most serious the psychical charge has been indicated. They are well aware of this fact. For coping with this problem they use similar methods, among which active relaxation and rest are the most frequent.
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Nursing role in providing care to dying patients at retirement homes
STAŇKOVÁ, Petra
The aim of this thesis is to describe a nurses role in providing care to dying clients at retirement homes. In connection with this goal, were set out five Research questions, which are: What are the specifics of nursing care for a dying client at retirement home? What are the specific needs of a dying client at retirement home? What are the specifics of communication with a dying client at retirement home? How do the nurse ant the family of a dying client cooperate? What is the approach of nurses to the care of the client at retirement home? The empirical part of this bachelor thesis was elaborated by the method of qualitative Research survey, which was realized by the technique od a semi-structured interview. The interview consisted of 24 questions, supplemented in some cases by additional questions. The interview was divided into 6 parts identification, specifics of care, dying client's needs, communication with a dying client, cooperate with the family and nurses approach. Interview were overwritten and processes by open-coding, pencilpaper technique. The research group consisted of nurses working at the time at retirement homes. This bachelor thesis was written in a certain way, to bring basic overview of the nursing role in providing care to dying clients at retirement homes. Based on the findings, supplemented by the knowledge of experts in the fields of thanatology and paliative care, will be create a handbook for nurses ant other staff caring for dying clients at retirement homes.
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The issue of euthanasia in the Czech Republic
BICKOVÁ, Lucie
This work is evaluating the topic of euthanasia in the Czech Republic and is divided into 4 main parts. First chapter is devoted to the topic of death and dying in conjunction with the concept of a person and dignity. Second chapter defines the concept of euthanasia, explains all related terms and presents some of the basic arguments for and against legalizing euthanasia. Third chapter presents Holland as a paradigm example of practicing euthanasia and outlines the stance of other parts of the world on euthanasia and assisted suicide. Last chapter is focusing on the state of legislation and ongoing public discussion about euthanasia in the Czech Republic. The aim is to map current situation and attempt to predict possible future development. This chapter also mentions the possibility of palliative care as a possible alternative for euthanasia.
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Analysis of home hospice care sesrvices considering the needs of users
DOSTÁLOVÁ, Zdislava
In the theoretical part the terms hospice, home hospice care and palliative care are defined. History, principles, objectives and the concept of hospice care in the Czech Republic are mentioned. The phases of psychological responses to a serious illness undergone by a patient and the patients´ reaction to impending death are described. The traditional model of dying in the Czech Republic in the home environment, the gradual institutionalization and the taboos surrounding death, and the new inception of humane methods in the care for the dying after the year 1989 are particularized. The current types of hospice care in the Czech Republic and especially home hospice care are described in detail, and also the needs of the dying and those of their loved ones, which is the main topic of my thesis. The aim of this work is to survey the availability of palliative home care services in the Vysočina region, to compare the range of offered services, to map the users´ experience and to identify the risk factors in providing this care. In the realized qualitative research the availability of these services was surveyed through the content analysis of data by the technique of official documents and virtual data analysis. In order to map the users´ experience, managers of two agencies providing home hospice care in the town of Třebíč were addressed, as well as the users or their families to whom these agencies provide their services. The interview method, the technique of a semi-structured interview was used. There are eight providers of home hospice care in the Vysočina region. The Vysočina region supports not only home hospice care, but also supported the establishment of residential hospice services in the Long-Term Care Hospitals in three towns in the Vysočina region and the Palliative Care Department in the Jihlava hospital. These facilities have partially substituted a non-existent hospice in the Vysočina region. Hospice care in the Vysočina region is relatively new. It is necessary to get some experience and discover possible shortcomings. The complexity of the care for the seriously ill can be extended, which may enable the seriously ill patients to stay at home with their relatives as long as possible. Although home hospice care has its limits in terms of pain alleviation and complications resulting from a disease, the users´ experience is satisfactory and meets their expectations. The contribution of the thesis lies in uncovering deficiencies in home hospice care and the provision of identified information to the care providers and other health care workers, thus enhancing the awareness of this care among health professionals and family members of seriously ill patients.
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Social Aspects of Hospice Care
FIALOVÁ, Markéta
This undergraduate thesis focuses on the social aspects of social care. The theoretical part clarifies and explains the relevant basic terms, in particular, terms like hospice care, palliative care, death, dying, social work, etc. In the practical part, I try, above all, to address the issue of satisfying the social needs of the clients of St. Jan N. Neuman Hospice in Prachatice. Another issue that led me to searching for an answer deals with hospices as providers of social services in accordance with Act No. 108/2006 Coll., on social services, and their obligations arising from being registered per se. My research was conducted using the method of questioning respondents in the form of semi-controlled interviews. The interviews took place at St. Jan N. Neuman Hospice in Prachatice. As for my research in the area of the clients{\crq} social needs, it was based on a research sample consisting of the hospice{\crq}s four female clients. For the sake of completion, some of my questions regarding mandatory obligations of registered hospices were addressed to the said hospice{\crq}s director and one of its employees who is a social worker. My research confirmed that the social needs of the clients of the hospice in Prachatice are being satisfied to the extent of possibility. As to fulfillment of their social needs, on accordance with the obligations arising from Act No. 108/2006 Coll., on social services, it can be stated that the scope of the mandatory commitment is being covered. In my opinion, the greatest problem is the emphasis, on the part of authorities, that is being put on the formal aspects of these issues, while hospices make maximum effort to satisfy their clients{\crq} needs in the first place.This undergraduate thesis focuses on the social aspects of social care. The theoretical part clarifies and explains the relevant basic terms, in particular, terms like hospice care, palliative care, death, dying, social work, etc. In the practical part, I try, above all, to address the issue of satisfying the social needs of the clients of St. Jan N. Neuman Hospice in Prachatice. Another issue that led me to searching for an answer deals with hospices as providers of social services in accordance with Act No. 108/2006 Coll., on social services, and their obligations arising from being registered per se. My research was conducted using the method of questioning respondents in the form of semi-controlled interviews. The interviews took place at St. Jan N. Neuman Hospice in Prachatice. As for my research in the area of the clients{\crq} social needs, it was based on a research sample consisting of the hospice{\crq}s four female clients. For the sake of completion, some of my questions regarding mandatory obligations of registered hospices were addressed to the said hospice{\crq}s director and one of its employees who is a social worker. My research confirmed that the social needs of the clients of the hospice in Prachatice are being satisfied to the extent of possibility. As to fulfillment of their social needs, on accordance with the obligations arising from Act No. 108/2006 Coll., on social services, it can be stated that the scope of the mandatory commitment is being covered. In my opinion, the greatest problem is the emphasis, on the part of authorities, that is being put on the formal aspects of these issues, while hospices make maximum effort to satisfy their clients{\crq} needs in the first place.
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Effective communication in paliative care.
PLECEROVÁ, Jana
The topic of this bachelor{\crq}s degree diploma work is effective communication in paliative care. This diploma work focuses on the nurse-patient interaction in terminal stage of the disease, the communication with the patient{\crq}s family and hospice and paliative care. The aim of this diploma work has been to ascertain whether the patients being in terminal stage of their disease are content with the nurses{\crq} communication and whether the existing way of communication brings a moral support, whether the patient{\crq}s families are informed about the possibilities of paliative care. Next step was to map out both ways and effect of communication with a nurse working with the patients in the terminal stage.
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