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Analysis of the development of trading with emission alowances in Europe
Hetešová, Zuzana ; Němcová, Ingeborg (advisor) ; Bič, Josef (referee)
The aim of this thesis is the analysis of development of trading with emission alowances, especially evaluation of the system efficiency (as for the amount of released carbon dioxide in the atmosphere) and verification of the share growth of renewable resources in total electricity production in Europe. Also examined is the correlation between the oil price and and the emission alowance price, and also potential impact of the system EU ETS on companies producing emmisions. At the end of thesis are proposed some changes for more efficient operation of system.
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Wood ants of genus Formica as important ecosystem engeneers
Jílková, Veronika ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Tajovský, Karel (referee) ; Bonkowski, Michael (referee)
This thesis consists of one chapter accepted for publication in a book and four papers published in international journals with impact factors. All of the contributions deal with the role of wood ants in energy and nutrient fluxes in forest ecosystems. Wood ant nests are known as hot spots of carbon dioxide (CO2) production and are also thought to affect methane (CH4) flux. Stable high temperatures are maintained in ant nests even in cold environments. This study is focused on quantification of CO2 and CH4 flux in wood ant nests, contribution of ants and microbes to CO2 production, properties of nest material that affect CO2 production and the role of ants and microbes in the maintenance of nest temperature. The research was conducted in temperate and boreal forests inhabited by wood ants (Formica s. str.). Gas fluxes were measured either by an infrared gas analyser or a static chamber technique. Ants and nest materials were also incubated in a laboratory. Material properties potentially influencing CO2 flux, such as moisture, nutrient content or temperature were determined. According to the results, CH4 oxidation was lower in wood ant nests than in the surrounding forest soil suggesting that some characteristics of ant nests hinder CH4 oxidation or promote CH4 production. Wood ant nests clearly are hot...
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Microclimate in classrooms and lecture halls throughout the year and its impact on health and focus of students
Malinda, Martin ; Zíková, Naděžda (advisor) ; Mašková, Ludmila (referee)
There is a growing evidence that thermal comfort, light levels and carbon dioxide concentration can have significant impact on alertness and performance. We have documented microclimate (temperature, relative humidity, light intensity level and CO2 concentration) in 7 different lecture rooms throughout the year. We have not measured any extreme conditions but on significant amount of lectures the microclimate conditions were not optimal. Out of 68 measured lectures 2 had median temperature below 19 řC and 13 lectures over 24 řC, i.e. out of the recommended values. On the cold lectures, students were observed to wear jackets and on the hot ones students were frequently opening windows which also suggest that the thermal conditions were suboptimal.. CO2 concentrations were suboptimal mostly in winter, when 26 out of 39 lectures had median CO2 levels above 1000 ppm which is, according to ASHRAE (American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers), an indicator for inadequate ventilation. Median CO2 level for all lectures from both semesters was 1060 ppm. Even though window opening effectively lowers CO2 concentrations, we found it to be as mostly a reactive behavior. It is very likely that if it would be done proactively, especially CO2 levels could be kept significantly lower. Light...
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Characterization of indoor air in health care buildings
Hladíková, Dita ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Holcátová, Ivana (referee)
Hospitals and healthcare facilities are very specific times of microenvironments, which requiring monitoring air quality. People who use healthcare facilities are due to a weakened immune system very sensitive to air quality. Acceptable indoor air quality in healthcare facilities may have adverse effects on job performance at the personnel and their errors may have very serious consequences. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the main components of the inner microclimate (temperature and relative air humidity) and concentrations of carbon dioxide in the environment of selected healthcare facilities in the Czech Republic and to compare the results with the related legislation. The measurements were carried out in two hospitals and nine private medical offices from December 2011 to March 2013. The results showed that the values of microclimate factors and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the environment of patient rooms were different in cold and warm part of the year. In the patient rooms the levels of relative humidity diverged from the legal requirements mostly in winter - while those of temperature in summer. The concentration of carbon dioxide was affected by the occupancy rate and the size of the rooms. Air quality in the operating theater was primarily characterized by very low relative...
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Temperature and humidity measuring station for Ionmeter
Kadaňka, Karel ; Roubal, Zdeněk (referee) ; Szabó, Zoltán (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis describes the design of meteorological station of Ionmeter. Meteorological station is controlled by the Arduino platform, which evaluates the measured data and sends them wireless into the initial concept of Ionmeter. In the first part, the particular measured variables (temperature, humidity, pressure, carbon dioxide concentration, UV radiation and amount of dust particles) are described. It also describes the brief principle of the formation of air ions and their influence of the human organism. The following chapters are dedicated to the description of each component, the description of the weather station program and the initial concept of Ionmeter. The last chapter describes the construction of the meteorological station itself.
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Air quality in schools
Hromádka, Jiří ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Hůnová, Iva (referee)
A lot of scientific articles were published about the indoor air quality during the last decade. It is proven that high concentrations of particulate matter and problems connected with poor ventilation conditions can cause health effects to people who are sensitive to them. Children are one of the groups at risk. They spend a lot of time at home and also at school, so the air quality at schools is an important issue. This work contains a review of scientific papers concerning this issue. It discusses the factors influencing indoor air quality, mainly concentration of particulate matter and carbon dioxide. Other factors were also chosen: the age of the school building and its location, the seasonality, the number and level of activity of pupils, floor carpeting and the amount of air circulation in the classrooms. The preliminary study tries to prove these theories. The concentration of PM10 and CO2, the temperature and the relative humidity were measured in three classrooms at one primary school in Prague. The results show that higher concentration of particulate matter is correlated with higher level of activity of pupils. Also poor ventilation leads to the higher concentration of carbon dioxide and poor air quality. It was proven that there is a minimal correlation between indoor and outdoor...
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Carbon Dioxide in Science Education (Study Aids for Grammar School)
Kristlová, Lucie ; Šulcová, Renata (advisor) ; Urbanová, Klára (referee)
Charles University in Prague - Faculty of Science Department of Teaching and Didactics of Chemistry Albertov 3, 128 40 Praha 2, Czech Republic CARBON DIOXIDE IN SCIENCE EDUCATION (STUDY AIDS FOR GRAMMAR SCHOOL) Bc. Lucie Kristlová lucie.kristlova@gmail.com In this thesis the principles of Framework Educational Programme and method IBSE alias Inquiry Based Science Education were summarized. The results of international research PISA 2006 were evaluated. In 2006 the focus was on scientific literacy. In the theoretical part the study supporting documents on the theme Carbon Dioxide were worked up. The documents would serve teachers of Chemistry and Biology mainly at the grammar schools. Methodically processed materials were created such as presentation, worksheet and subject matter of chemical experiments with the inclusion of the author solutions. The worksheet was verified by pupils at grammar school.
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Methods and prospects of CCS from emissions of energy sources in ČR
Pulkrábek, Jan ; Hovorka, Jan (referee) ; Přibil, Rudolf (advisor)
With increasing frequency of problems caused by global climate change, the scientific community trying to find possible solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. One of the possible solutions of this problem is considered the system of separation, transportation and long-term storage of C02, called CCS - Carbon Capture and Storage. This work is a literature review issues of CCS in order to determine the possible use of CCS in the Czech republic. There is a basic system description of CCS, the possible environmental risks associated with it, and finall summarize of the prospects of deployment CCS technology in Czech republic.
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Ventilation of the Education Building
Zachoval, Matouš ; Rubinová, Olga (referee) ; Uher, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the evaluation of the current state indoor microclimate of educational object before and after the reconstruction of windows. On the basis of my own measurements there is designed a forced ventilation using two air-conditioning systems which ensure a required microclimate of all classrooms.
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