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Lightweight mortars with content of alternative raw materials and resistant to adverse effects
Morkusová, Kristýna ; Jakubík, Aleš (referee) ; Bydžovský, Jiří (advisor)
This diploma thesis describes research and following development of lightweight cement mortars with alternative raw materials. Attention was focused on study of the effects of extreme influences such as high temperature (up to 1200 °C), freeze-thaw and agressive sulfur dioxide. Verification of durability of developed mortars was realized using physical and mechanical tests (density and strength), physical and chemical methods (computed tomography) and scanning electron microscopy. Assessment of durability was realized in a longer period of time (90 days).
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Fly ash of class C for ceramic technology
Keršnerová, Lucie ; Šveda,, Mikuláš (referee) ; Rovnaníková, Pavla (referee) ; Všianský,, Dalibor (referee) ; Sokolář, Radomír (advisor)
This thesis is focused on the possibilities of the utilization of the fludized fly ash in ceramic technology, especially in the field of brick manufacturing and ceramic tiles. There were used fly ashes from thermal power plants in Hodonín, Ledvice and Tisová. Fluidized fly ash can be used for manufacturing of building materials. There hasn’t been done extensive research in this area. One of the problem is sulphur dioxide leakage during burning. The work describes the behaviour of fluidized ash during firing. The attention is focused on air pollution of sulphur dioxide. The production of SO2 is controlled so that the aim of the work is to find a way how to avoid leaking. It was proved that addition of sodium ions causes the formation of minerals hauyne and nosean during firing. Also is described the behaviour of the fly ash-soil mixtures. The anhydrite decomposition temperature is lower than in pure fly ash. In the end is fluidized ash applied for the production of dry pressed ceramic tiles. This ash can be used in ceramic technology. However, despite the interesting results there are number of problems that need to be solved.
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Sulfur dioxide emissions
Borýsek, Václav ; Štelcl, Otakar (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with emissions of sulphur oxides. First are described their properties, influence on human health and their impact on the environment. Next thesis deals with present situation of emissions and emission limits. After that selected methods of reduction of sulphur dioxide emissions are described and for representative technology mass balance has been made. Last part describes taken measurements and presents their results.
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Modern methods of wet cleaning flue-gas
Kubíček, Jan ; Grolig, Ondřej (referee) ; Dvořák, Radek (advisor)
The main theme of this master’s thesis is to acquaint with flue gas cleaning problems. Also modernization of experimental device called “O-element”, installed in laboratory at Institute of process and environmental engineering, is involved in this master’s thesis. “Oelement is used for cleaning acid elements from flue gas. Further there are results of experimental measuring on this device, and their estimation.
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Absorption Cleaning of Flue Gases Arising from the Incineration of Wastes
Jecha, David ; Klemeš,, Jiří (referee) ; Žaloudík, Petr (referee) ; Bébar, Ladislav (advisor)
This doctoral thesis deals with potentials of methods for cleaning of flue gas from pollutants such as acidic components. Wet method of flue gas cleaning is analysed in detail with special focus on elimination of sulphur dioxide (SO2). Introduction presents advantages and disadvantages of thermal processing of waste and production of undesired pollutants. Following parts comprise facts about main pollutants produced from incineration. Legislation providing for emission of gaseous pollutants from incinerators is also given. Chapter concerning methods of pollutants elimination is mostly focused on absorption (wet and/or semidry scrubber) and adsorption methods. Several up-to-date technological procedures are mentioned; they have a multifunctional effect such as elimination of acidic components, heavy metals, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxines and dibenzo-furanes from flue gas using single injection of suspense. Elimination of mercury (Hg) is among the technologies for heavy metal elimination which is described in detail. Main part of the thesis is related to experiments at two-stage flue gas cleaning equipment. Function of this experimental unit is described along with methods for measurement of individual quantities and detailed description of all the equipment and its components. Experimental measurements carried out at this equipment are explicated and assessed. Along with experimental work, the author has created a simulation model of wet flue gas cleaning in ChemCad programme. Particular operational parameters were tested on this model. This thesis contains results of the measurement which provide background for verification of the mathematical model. Further, the balance of heavy metals conducted on the basis of measurements in waste incinerator is displayed. Main contribution of the thesis may be summed up as follows: Author has designed and constructed experimental equipment for two stage flue gas cleaning. He also formed calculation for pressure drop of O-element prototype equipment and for packing column with FLEXIPAC structured packing. He created data file with measurements at the experimental unit. He determined temperature at outlet of a random device where liquid is injected into stream of hot flue gas. He designed a simulation model which is identical with experimental equipment and which usage enabled comparison of measured and calculated data; it also serves as a basis for industrial applications. Last part deals with creation off heavy metals balance in a case industrial waste incinerator.
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Emissions from biomass combustion
Ptáček, Pavel ; Lisá, Hana (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
Bachelor thesis deals with production of gaseous emissions from biomass combustion. It describes how emissions arise and how they affect human health and environment. In experimental part of the thesis emissions were measured and compared for different types of fuel in two combustion devices. Emission classes of combustion devices were also determined.
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Desulphurization of pulverized coal bouler (dry bottom ash) in Teplarna Olomouc
Haluza, Jakub ; Lisý, Martin (referee) ; Skála, Zdeněk (advisor)
This master thesis deals with the feasibility studies desulphurization of powder granulation K3 boiler at Olomouc heating station. K3 boiler burns black energetic coal and after January 1st, 2016 will not meet new more strict emission limits. The theoretical part of the thesis charts usable desulphurization methods from which the semi-dry NID appears as the most appropriate one. In the practical part there is performed a stoichiometric calculation of the flue gas and the balance of raw materials and output products. The possibility of NID method usage is confirmed here. Next the annual operating cost of the desulfurization process is calculated and some NID systems already installed references are presented.
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The database of waste incinerators in Europe
Šaldová, Lenka ; Ručka,, Jan (referee) ; Hluštík, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to describe modern technological processing lines MSW incinerators. Describe individual objects and their links with the principle of thermal combustion. Processes described in the process line will be: waste reception, storage and waste materials, waste pretreatment, loading of waste into the process, thermal treatment of waste, energy utilization and conversion, gas cleaning, disposal of residues from flue gas cleaning, gas discharge, monitoring and control emissions , cleaning and inspection of wastewater treatment and disposal of ash (kiln ash), discharge (disposal) of solid residues. In the second part of this database will be set up incinerators occurring in Europe with basic information (address, website, kiln type, number of lines, the amount of waste incinerated, etc.). The developed database will be created graphs for better clarity and comparison. The database will be accompanied by the emission requirements of individual countries according to the applicable domestic and European legislation.
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Desulphurisation of flue gas from pulverzided coal boiler,Tp Olomouc
Kozumplík, Ondřej ; Lisý, Martin (referee) ; Skála, Zdeněk (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to design a desulphurisation device for the pulverized coal boiler K3 in heating plant Olomouc. In this boiler, coal with sulphur content is burnt. Emissions SOx from the boiler output are much higher than the emission limits for SOx, which comes into force 1.1.2016. Therefore it is necessary to build a desulphurisation device, which will cause a significant reduction of SOx emissions and compliance with the emission limits. The thesis consists of two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part states SO2 emission limits and describes various methods for flue gas desulphurisation. In the practical part I chose a semi-dry desulphurisation method with fluid reactor. It determines a stoichiometric amount of combustion air and determines the boiler efficiency. For the required parametres is given a calculation of desulphurisation, the design of some parts of the device and design arrangement.
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Corrosion of Steel and Aluminium in Chosen Enviroments
Stavinoha, Jakub ; Tulka, Jaromír (referee) ; Molliková, Eva (advisor)
This Master’s thesis is related to corrosion degradation processes on metal surfaces exposed in different environments. The theoretical part is concern with basic principles in electrochemical and atmospheric corrosion. Practical part describes experimentation of corrosion process of aluminium (99,5) and low carbon steel (11321) in two different atmospheric environments. The conclusion of thesis includes evaluations of the results from practical part and comparison with the theoretical part.
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