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Outcomes of take-home naloxone programme in Czechia after two years of operation
Lihtar, Štěpán ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
BACKGROUND: Opioid overdose represents significant public health burden in both the Czechia and the world in general. Although the prevalence in opioid use in our country is relatively low, it carries a disproportionate risk of health damage, including death from overdose. An effective intervention in the event of an opioid overdose is the administration of naloxone - an opioid antagonist that displaces the opioid from its receptors and interrupts the depression of the respiratory center. So-called take-home naloxone programs are based on the distribution of naloxone to lay people to administer naloxone when they witness an overdose. Take-home naloxone program was approved by the Czech Council of Government for the Coordination of Drug Policy in 2020, and its implementation began in April 2021. AIMS: The aim of this theses is to analyze the results of the take-home naloxone program in Czechia after two years of its operation. METHODS: The research part of this theses is based on a combination of two components - quantitative and qualitative. The data come from the Naloxone project reports and the Naloxone distribution project reports, which are filled by representatives of the programs involved in the project and then sent to the National Monitoring Center for Drugs and Addiction. The quantitative...
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The toxicity of vitamin D
Drouliskou, Eleftheria ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Janoušek, Jiří (referee)
Vitamin D has essential role in skeletal health, however studies over the recent years have outlined its implication in many other physiological functions. The importance of vitamin D for health has, on one hand, raised needs for supplementation but may, on the other hand, lead to excessive administration. Vitamin D toxicity or hypervitaminosis D due to excess of vitamin D is a medical condition manifested mainly as hypercalcemia, with mostly gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Long-term administration of large doses of vitamin D can result in vascular calcification and hence by associated with a cardiovascular risk. Hypervitaminosis D is extremely rare likely due to high therapeutic index of vitamin D. The clinical research shows an administration of 10.000 IU/day of vitamin D, which meets the criteria for the tolerable upper intake level, even for extended period, is probably not associated with adverse effects in almost all individuals in general population. However there are case studies globally showing vitamin D toxicity can occur due to misuse of over-the-counter vitamin D supplements, inappropriate prescribing or uncontrolled administration of high dose unlicensed preparations.
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