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Biocompatible titanium alloys and theirs application
Hofírek, Michal ; Kohout, Jan (referee) ; Věchet, Stanislav (advisor)
This thesis presents use of titanium alloys in medical applications in form of literature research. In first part the basic properties of titanium as element are discussed as well as its behavior in alloys. Next part focuses on proper explanation of term biocompatibility and sums up specific requirements for alloys used in orthopaedic applications. These properties are shown on alloy Ti-6Al-4V ELI and other selected titanium based alloys which are currently being developed.
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Specifics of nursing care for a paediatric patient after hip surgery
Husárová, Katarína ; Tomová, Šárka (advisor) ; Klokočková, Šárka (referee)
Background: This bachelor thesis deals with the specifics of nursing care for a child patient after hip joint surgery. Objectives: The aim of the research was to find out the specifics of nursing care for a patient after hip surgery in orthopedic departments or clinics located in Slovakia or Czech Republic. Subsequently the findings were evaluated and compared. Methods: The self-constructed questionnaire prepared for the bachelor's thesis was anonymous and non-standardized. A total of 37 nurses working in orthopedic departments or clinics participated in the research exploration. From a geographical point of view, they were employees of 2 Slovak and 2 Czech hospitals.For statistical analysis, given the stated hypotheses and the nature of the data, we used the test of agreement of two proportions, Chi - square association with Yates correction, Cohran's test of equality of pooled proportions and a series of McNamar's tests with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons Results: Nurses working in the orthopedic department with children's patients in Slovakia and the Czech Republic prepare their patients for surgery and for what awaits them after it. They also focus on meeting the needs of children's patients, of which they perceive psychological needs the most. Psychological support,...
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Nursing care management for orthopedic outpatient clients from the nurse's point of view.
VOPÁLKOVÁ, Milena
In view of the fact that clients with locomotor system difficulties (who often have impaired mobility, are in pain and have difficulties finding their way in a new environment and situation) come to the orthopaedic outpatient department, we consider it worthwhile to look at the comprehensive nursing care of these clients. The task of the healthcare personnel at this moment is to provide support, assurance and safety to the client and his family, and to allow him to gain sufficient information, skills and habits to restore and maintain his health. A total of three goals were laid out in this thesis. Our first goal was to map out the features specific to the management of nursing care for clients of the orthopaedic outpatient department from the nurse's aspect. The other two designated goals concerned elucidation of the means for detecting and dealing with nursing care problems and needs of clients of the orthopaedic outpatient department. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used in order to meet the goals of this thesis. In the qualitative research investigation there was a semi-structured interview with five informants who work in selected orthopaedic outpatient departments of the South Bohemian Region as paramedical staff. The interviews with the informants were recorded on a recording device, and this was followed by transposition and data analysis using coding. The results were summarised in structured categories and sub-categories. Two orthopaedic outpatient departments were intentionally selected. One site was a private orthopaedic outpatient department, and the other was an outpatient department that was part of a medical facility. We used a quantitative research investigation to gain feedback for the provided nursing care in the orthopaedic outpatient departments. Using surveys with respondents who attended the selected orthopaedic outpatient departments. We were interested in their perspective and satisfaction with the provided nursing care and instruction. A total of 160 respondents, exactly one half from each orthopaedic outpatient department, were asked to fill in a questionnaire. Based on the results of the qualitative investigation it is clear that the greatest burden faced by nurses of the orthopaedic outpatient departments is the lack of time to provide comprehensive nursing care. It was discovered that nurses spend most time on specific professional tasks, assisting doctors, satisfying the most immediate needs of clients and, in particular, administration. However, they spend the least time on prevention and instruction. It was discovered that nurses most often note a lack of self-care, movement and activity in clients of the orthopaedic outpatient departments, along with pain, fear and lack of information. The quantitative investigation showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the selected outpatient departments in the resolution of current needs and approach of nurses. In the matter of time for answering questions, instruction and subsequent satisfaction of respondents of the selected orthopaedic outpatient departments, we can say that there exist statistically significant differences between the private orthopaedic outpatient department and outpatient department that is part of the healthcare facility. A summary of the findings from the research survey allows us to state that it is unavoidable to focus more on the comprehensive nature of the provided nursing care, including instruction, in nursing care management for clients of orthopaedic outpatient departments. The output of this work is a draft concept for functional orthopaedic instruction nurses which will be submitted to nurses of the orthopaedic outpatient departments as a suggestion for expansion of instruction centres for patients.
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Nursing care for paediatric patient after orthopaedical surgeries
WEISSOVÁ, Eva
Abstract Current situation Current range of orthopaedics is not only surgery of musculoskeletal system, but it also deals with diagnostics of congenital defects, injuries, illnesses, metabolism disorders and their after-effects on musculoskeletal system. A paediatric nurse plays a key role in taking care of a paediatric patient after an orthopaedical surgery. She helps children to overcome an unpleasant situation and tries to minimize physical and psychological complications. Cooperation with child's family is essential. Child's pain, suffering and fear can be moderated by proper nursing care. Aim of the work We determined three aims in this diploma thesis. The first aim was to map children awareness before orthopaedical surgeries and during hospitalization. The second aim was to analyse satisfaction of parents during hospitalization. The third aim was to assess the importance of psychological pre-surgery preparation of children and hospitalization of parents in overall perception of child's hospitalization. Methodology A quantitative research by means of a paper and electronical survey was used for the empirical part. The research group was made up of 104 respondents, it means 52 parents and 52 children. Those were parents and children from two selected hospitals and from general public. The surveys were processed statistically afterwards. A descriptive analysis of all the questions was used and four determined hypotheses were tested. Results It was found out that most of the children felt sufficiently informed before and during the hospitalization. It could be claimed that better awareness of a nurse means better feeling of child's sufficient awareness. Furthermore, we found out from the results that most of the parents were sufficiently informed by the nurse and that their overall satisfaction depends on children awareness provided by the nurse. Based on results, nurse education in the area of children care and manipulation with children during hospitalization is very important and leads to satisfaction of both children and parents. Based on other results, a child's hospitalization with a parent is very important because 97% of children said that they were calmer because of the presence of a parent. We can claim this about parents as well, because the presence of a parent is perceived by parents themselves as a very important factor improving the perception of a stay at a hospital. Hospitalization of a parent with a child depends on the age of the child, in which case a child at the age of 5 and less was always hospitalized with a parent. Moreover, it was found that compared to the presence of a parent, parents claim the psychological preparation (talking in form of play or with the help of a therapist) has slightly more important point. That was confirmed by the children as well. We can obviously see from the response that they stand the hospitalization better if they are prepared for the surgery. Conclusion The research has shown that most of the children felt informed enough during the hospitalization and before the surgery. I find the psychological preparation of children for a surgery very important. That was also confirmed both by the children and parents, who consider the psychological preparation to be one of the most important factors. The hospitalization of a parent with a child depends on the age of the children. We trust that this work could serve as a study material for paediatric nurses working at corresponding postoperative departments, besides other things as a study material for students of medical subjects. This diploma thesis can describe given illness or the care of a child after an orthopaedic surgery to both parents and children.
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Biocompatible titanium alloys and theirs application
Hofírek, Michal ; Kohout, Jan (referee) ; Věchet, Stanislav (advisor)
This thesis presents use of titanium alloys in medical applications in form of literature research. In first part the basic properties of titanium as element are discussed as well as its behavior in alloys. Next part focuses on proper explanation of term biocompatibility and sums up specific requirements for alloys used in orthopaedic applications. These properties are shown on alloy Ti-6Al-4V ELI and other selected titanium based alloys which are currently being developed.
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Analysis and strategy of Beznoska s.r.o. on the domestic and foreign markets
Mokáň, Dan ; Zamykalová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Rod, František (referee)
The thesis analyses the company Beznoska s.r.o. on the domestic and foreign markets. It describes the activities and strategy of the company, which is engaged in the production of orthopaedic implants and implants in the field of orthopaedics. The second part of the thesis focuses on the analysis of the domestic market, i.e. the Czech Republic. It analyses particularly Ukraine from the foreign markets. Subsequently, by using comparison and analysis among the selected countries, it is searching for potential market for company expansion.
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The possibilities of physiotherapy treating children with evolutionary hip joints disorders
PEŠTUKOVÁ, Lucie
This bachelor thesis deals with the possibilities of physiotherapy treating children with evolutionary hip joint disorders. The theoretical part describes general background related to the issue. The content of the theoretical part brings a summary of findings related to the anatomic-physiologic relation of the hip joint, describes diagnostics and treatment of children affected by hip dysplasia and summarizes knowledge based on motor development of a child in relation to hip joints. Development Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) belongs to the most frequent disorders of infant locomotor system and brings numerous morphological deviations that might include simple instability, subluxated or luxated femoral head or other serious pathologies. Therapy choice is then different, depending on the character of diagnosed deformities, and influences individual growth during development. Numerous factors contribute to DDH occurrence, originally the genetic factor used to be considered the main factor, new researches however mention influence of mechanic factors in prenatal live (e.g. foetus position during birth) as well as in postnatal live (e.g. forced deflection of legs immediately after birth or tight wrapping of an infant in swaddling clothes) and of higher hip capsular laxity. DDH treatment has undergone lots of changes during development. The Czech Republic is one of few states paying special attention to early detection and therapy. Research into the issue is linked to great figures like Zahradníček, Frejka, Pavlík and many more. Screening tests already start at maternity wards and continue to the following weeks of life in our conditions. Deviations are detected through clinical examinations performed by a paediatric orthopaedist and are based on images taken by various imaging methods. Therapy possibilities differ according to the joint damage character. Less serious hip joint deformities are treated by conservative methods including treatment with abduction aids including e.g. Frejka Pillow, Pavlík Stirrups and others. Surgery interventions and hospitalization have to be applied to more serious cases. DDH treatment is relatively successful nowadays and starts immediately after pathology detection. Nevertheless there are mixed opinions on treatment requirements among specialists. A lot of orthopaedists are satisfied with conservative treatment immediately after detection. Influence of this kind of therapy has its justification and its irreplaceable importance backed by numerous studies. Today?s physiotherapy tends to offer children with diagnosed DDH supportive rehabilitation methods that might enrich conservative treatment set by an orthopaedist. Cooperation with physiotherapists after successful treatment of children with DDH not only after surgical operations, but also after conservative treatment application is also developing. Children are often left to their own development after removal of abduction aids, which may be dangerous for future interplay of muscles (not activated before) after a long period of movement restriction. Qualitative research method in the form of elaborated case study of one patient with diagnosed DDH was chosen for the practical part. The thesis includes an introductory as well as final kinesiological analysis, description of the therapy course, the evaluation itself, communication with the mother and the physiotherapist in charge of the rehabilitation. The aim of the thesis was to point out the inseparable role of physiotherapy in treatment of children with DDH, to propose possible rehabilitation techniques for DDH treatment and to outline the way how Vojta method affects congenital hip joint disorders.
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