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Applying new approaches in potato crop nutrition
RŮŽIČKA, Jan
The main objective of the bachelor thesis was to conduct a literature review in the field of fertilization and nutrition of the potato plant and to collect and sort information on new approaches used in potato cultivation. The thesis describes the methods of fertilization and nutrition with organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers (including essential elements) and their effect on potato growth and quality. Furthermore, the possibilities of using microbial and biochemical approaches to improve potato nutrition and their advantages or disadvantages are presented. The paper also presents opportunities to improve fertilizer use and minimize negative environmental impacts using new technologies and innovative practices. Finally, three practical examples from potato farms are presented.
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Technologie aplikace kapalných organických hnojiv
Brychta, Ondřej
This theses deals with technology of application liquid organic fertilizer. It contains summary of organic fertilizer and mineral fertilizer. This work includes description of various types of applicators for organic liquid fertilizer and opportunity for transportation by road. There are also the results of measurements leaking Gates out during application fermentation residue through selected technology application. Work includes a comparison of selected types of application kits in terms of fuel consumption per hectare.
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Perspektivní hnojiva pro produkci okrasných dřevin v kontejnerech
Plchová, Andrea
The task of this work was to evaluate the prospective use of fertilizers in containerproduction and their impact on ornamental trees. The experiment was established in April 2011 on the land department the Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice in one growing season. It was used five variants of substrates. For variant I was used peat-bark substrate (RKS II), which was regularly fertilizing with Kristalon fertilizer. For variant II was used substrate RS II with Osmocote. For the other three variants was used substrate RS II with low content (var. III), medium content (var. IV) and high content of organic fertilizers (var. V). Experimental plant was Philadelphus x hybr. 'Mont Blanc'. During the growing season was measured the plant height, at the end of the vegetation was measured strength of the root neck, root volume and number of stems. The variant II with Osmocote achieved the best results, the control variant I reached the second best results. The variants III, IV and V with organic fertilizers fell the worst, the variant III with low content of organic fertilizers fell the worst of all.
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Production and use of specialized substrates and organic fertilizers in agriculture: Methodology for practice
Šimon, Tomáš ; Usťak, Sergej ; Váňa, Vojtěch
The aim of the methodology is to provide to farmers, agricultural advisors, gardeners, producers and users of organic fertilizers and cultivation substrates, research workers and agricultural educators and all other interested parties, the basic information on the possibilities to use specialized substrates and organic fertilizers in agriculture. Its application in practice can ensure environmentally acceptable and economically efficient fertilization of agricultural crops. In the introduction, the methodology provides a basic overview of literary information about the concerned issue. Furthermore, the methodology describes the results obtained during the research project, which can be used in practice and provides agrochemical, agronomic and economic assessment. Part of the methodology is the assessment of agrochemical efficiency of fertilizer application at the cultivation of selected agricultural crops. There are described application methods and effects on soil and plants. Finally, it provides a summary of the results achieved and general recommendations for practice.
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Nitrogen use from fertilizers applied to spring barley and winter wheat
Buráňová, Šárka ; Balík, Jiří (advisor)
Nitrogen fertilization is considered to be an important agronomic intervention. Its application to the field must be deliberate and well-timed. Poor management of nitrogen fertilizers can lead to significant losses with economic and environmental consequences. In the long-term field experiment of the Department of agroenvironmental chemistry and plant nutrition will be observed the influence of different organic and mineral fertilizers and the impact of location on the nitrogen balance and nitrogen use of applied fertilizer by spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). For the purpose of the thesis will be evaluated six treatments of fertilization: Control, Sewage sludge, Manure, N, NPK, N + straw. To the crops will be in the three-year cycle applied a single dose of 330 kg N ha-1. After the harvest will be annually determined the content of total nitrogen in plant material and yield of grain and straw. For wheat will be evaluated selected yield and quality parameters. From analyses of plant material will be then calculated indicators of nitrogen utilization of applied fertilizers.
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The effect of fertilization on yield and quality of malting spring barley
Mužík, Jiří ; Černý, Jindřich (advisor) ; Jiří, Jiří (referee)
Spring barley is the cereal with the shortest growing season and high demands on soil structure and quality of fertilization.
The experimental part of the study was carried out on the long-term stationary experiments at two sites with different soil and climatic conditions - Červený Újezd and Prague Suchdol. Experiments were established in 1996 with a crop rotation in order - potato (corn), winter wheat and spring barley. Organic fertilizers are: sewage sludge, manure and straw. Mineral fertilizers were applied directly to the barley such as phosphates, potassium fertilizers were used in autumn in the course of plowing and nitrogen fertilizer during seedbed preparation of the soil. Used mineral fertilizers are: calcium amonium nitrate, triple superphosphate and potassium salt. Spring barley is the third crop after the application of organic fertilizers and therefore uses fertilizers in the third year.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of organic and mineral fertilization on yield parameters of spring barley and selected qualitative indicators. We evaluated the number of offsets, number of grains per ear, yield of grain, straw and N-substances in grain.
The number of offsets and grains per ear had the greatest influence by fertilization mineral fertilizers. The highest number of offsets was found in variant NPK Červený Újezd in year 2013 (2,357 offsets/m2) and the largest number of grains in ear at the same station in year 2014 on variant Manure 1/2 + N (24.6 grains). Yield of grains was significantly influenced by both sites and variants of fertilization. It was different in year 2013, when the higher yields were found in the station Suchdol, however yields in years 2014 and 2015 were higher at the station Červený Újezd, especially in variants fertilized with mineral fertilizers. The highest grain yield was at the station Červený Újezd variants NPK and N + straw (9 t / ha) and at the station Suchdol was the highest grain yeild on NK variant (6.1 t / ha), both cases in year 2015. Straw yield was influenced by both fertilizes mineral and organic according to influence of individual years. The highest yield of straw was found at the station Červený Újezd variant N + straw (5.6 t / ha) in year 2015 and at the station Suchdol was the highest yield on the variant N (4.3 t / ha) in year 2014.
The content of N-substances in grains of the spring barley was found to be low in all variants of fertilization in the analyzed years. Optimal values throughout the three-year experiment was achieved at the station Červený Újezd only in year 2015 on variant N (10.5%) and N + straw (10.6%) and at station Suchdol in year 2014 on variant N (10.3%) and NP (10.4%).
It was found that a propitious effect on the yield and quality of spring malting barley has fertilization by mineral fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Fertilization by organic fertilizer has a positive effect while used in lower quality soil and climatic conditions.
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The effect of fertilization and locality on yield of spring barley
Koželuh, Josef ; Černý, Jindřich (advisor) ; Kovářík, Jakub (referee)
This Bachelor thesis is focused on evaluating the impact of fertilization of spring barley by organic and mineral fertilizers, and comparing their effects on yield and quality. The literature search sought to determine spring barley requirements for environmental factors, nutrition and fertilization, and to determine cultivation problems, such as lodging, pests and disease. As an experiment included in my thesis, I conducted the long-term field study on plant nutrition, being performed since autumn 1996 at the Department of Agro-environmental Chemistry. In this study, three crops rotate in the following order: potatoes, winter wheat, spring barely. In the area of Červený Újezd the corn is used instead of potatoes, due to the agrotechnical reasons. The study took place at five areas (Suchdol, Červený Újezd, Humpolec, Lukavec, Hněvčeves). These are areas with different soil and climatic conditions, which are used to assess the influence of habitat. The experiment was conducted under several controlled conditions. The Control area was left fertilizer-free. The variant Manure involved organic fertilization with the potato-intended manure, with estimated dosage of 330 kg N/ha. Variant Kal was also fertilized with potato-intended manure, with the same amount of nitrogen as variant Manure. Variant Manure 1/2 + N was organically fertilized by the manure at a dose of 165 kg N / ha and subsequently fertilized for spring barley at a dose 55 kg N / ha in the form of ammonium nitrate with limestone (ANL). Variant N received only mineral fertilization 70 kg N/ha with ANL. In the Variant NPK, only mineral fertilizers were used (ANL, triple superphosphate, potassium salt) with the total dosage 70 kg N/ha, 30 kg P/ha, 100 kg K/ha. Variant N+straw was fertilized with 70 kg/ha of mineral nitrogen and a straw was always plowed after harvesting spring barley. The results clearly show that Červený Újezd is the most suitable area for the cultivation of spring barely. This experiment also confirmed substantial influence of fertilizer on the quality and yield of grain, as well as the influence of the habitat. NPK variant had the highest yield and quality in most locations, hence a variant with mineral fertilizers containing three basic nutrients. From the economical view, Control variant only was evaluated. Profitable production was reached only at sites Suchdol and Červený Újezd.
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The effect of fertilization on potato tuber yield
Mikula, Václav ; Černý, Jindřich (advisor) ; Šárka, Šárka (referee)
Potatoes are the fourth worldwide most important crop for human nutrition after rice, wheat and maize. In the Czech republic growing of potatoes has a tradition and a huge food significance. In last years importatnt decline of growing areas have taken place and the area has stabilized on a little less than 30 000 ha, and average yield on 20 t.ha-1. Experimentally was achieved yield of 120 t.ha-1 thus the potatoes can perform importatnt part in solving shortage of food.
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the impact of different fertilizers on potato tuber yield under different soil-climatic conditions. This thesis is a part of long-term stationary experiments which was established in 1996 on five sites with different soil-climatic conditions, but deals only with Suchdol, Humpolec and Hněvčeves. Three crops (potatoes, winter wheat, spring barley) are rotated on each site within the experiment under different fertilizers, using organic fertilizers, mineral fertilizers and the combination of them.
In Suchdol site the biggest yields were obtained in the Manure (22,8 t.ha-1) and NPK (22,3 t.ha-1) plots and resulted in higher yield by 8,1 % and by 5,7 % over control, respectively. Small differences were probably caused by high natural soil fertility. In Humpolec application of sewage sludge and nitrogen resulted in yield higher by 34,5 % (yielding 19,5 t.ha-1) and by 22,8 % (yieling 17,8 t.ha-1) over control. The lowest yield was obtained after application of manure, yield declined by 9,7 % under control. In Hněvčeves application of NPK and N+straw resulted in higher yield by 129,5 % (yielding 28,0t.ha-1) and by 112,3 % (yielding) over control, respectively.
Plots fertilized by the half dosage of manure and nitrogen to preceding crops always belonged to top 3 plots. Due to different soil-climatic conditions diverse fertilizers can be recomended. Manure for Suchdol site, sewage sludge for Humpolec and NPK for Hněvčeves.
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The nutrients balance on the farm when fertilizing by organic fertilizers
Pejsar, Petr ; Černý, Jindřich (advisor) ; Lucie, Lucie (referee)
The aim of this thesis is the evaluation and balance calculation of the basic nutrients in soil. The content of this thesis is focused on the evaluation of nutrients input, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulphur in organic fertilizers, while taking into account the direct influence of the nutrients after their application as well as long-term effects during delayed and recurring application of the organic fertilizers. During the observed period from 2008 to 2014 the following individual fields were assessed Březinka (68,51 ha), Jiříkovo (16,93 ha), Kocourovské (58,16 ha) and U Akátu (35,84 ha). The balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulphur in these certain areas was assessed within the scope of balance on individual fields for one crop rotation period. The balance calculation inputs include the amount of nutrients that was provided in form of organic and mineral fertilizers, which in case of nitrogen was furthermore extended by the amount acquired by its symbiotic fixation, overall deposition and sowing inputs (i.e. soil surface balance of nitrogen). The outputs of the balance calculation consist of amounts of major nutrients that were drawn away by crop yield including the calculated losses in case of surface balance of nitrogen. In the thesis an elementary balance of organic compounds was performed together with evaluation of change of the supply state of P, K and Mg based on the available data from agrochemical soil properties conducted in the period of 2009 to 2015 and balance results for individual nutrients. The results of surface balance of nitrogen in individual fields exhibited notably positive values, which according to the final balance might be the cause of heightened or excessive nitrogen loss. It is however difficult to determine the direct and residual effect of nitrogen applied trough the organic fertilizers and its utilization by plants. Without the mineral fertilizer inputs, the resulting values of other nutrients in specific years were dependant on the amount of input trough organic fertilizers. Within the scope of simple balance of organic compounds for individual fields, the overall sum of organic compound requirements were achieved over the observed years.
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Porovnání hnojivé účinnosti digestátů
Oudová, Barbora
Digestate is a fertilizer produced by anaerobic fermentation in biogas stations. It is used as organic fertilizer. In this study, we compared the fertilising effects of digestate with mineral fertilizer. The vegetation pot experiment was carried out in 2013-2014 in vegeta-tion hall of ÚKZUZ in Brno. We grew Corn (Zea mays L.), Paprika (Capsicum annu-um), Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Peas (Pisum sativum). The crop yield in the first year was comparable or better than mineral fertilized variants. Results in the second year were ambiguous, fertilizing with digestate did not show long-term effects. Digestate with its effects is more similar to mineral fertilizer.
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