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Behavioural patterns exhibited by three populations of house mouse ( Mus musculus lato) in five-tests battery: the effects of subspecies and commensal way of life
Voráčková, Petra ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Macholán, Miloš (referee)
The term "personality" nowadays occurs more often not only in psychological studies of humans but also in animal studies. Studying of personality help us to define the behavioural characteristics which can vary within the age, sexes, species or enviroments. Behavioral experiments are used to detect these behavioral patterns and they can divide the animals into the different groups. The subject of our research became three populations of house mouse (Mus musculus sensu lato) which we tested in a series of experiments involving free exploration, forced exploration, hole- board test, test of vertical activity and Elevated plus-maze. These experiments should reveal wheter the mice differ in their behaviour through the context of sex, comensalism or subspecies. We found (with in excepcion of one test) that intrapopulation variability differences are very small but interpopulation differences purely increase in the cas of comensalism and effects of subspecies. Keywords: Mus musculus, comensalism, open fieldtest, Elevated plus-maze, Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
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Assortative mating in Endler's Livebearer
SCHAFFELHOFEROVÁ, Dana
The thesis deals with assortative behaviour of Poecilia wingei. The aims of the thesis are to describe character traits of fish and their heritability, then set breeding pairs of Endler's Livebearer (Poecilia wingei) and to determine their traits (shy or bold). After that, the offspring generation of such pairs was bred and their personal traits were determined too. Finally a comparison of the parents and the offspring generation was carried out and the heritability was analyzed. The traits were analyzed using the Open Field test. Fifty pairs of the parent generation were measured, coupled into pairs according to their traits. After that the offspring generation was measured too. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated, determining the share of the total phenotypic variance that is conditioned by the variability of genetic information in the population. The results were analysed using Statistica 12. The comparisons of the results revealed the heritability of the traits.
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Underlying causes and stability of intraspecific variation in behaviour of microtine rodents
ŠÍCHOVÁ, Klára
Two crucial issues related to personality in non-human animals have been identified: firstly, the underlying 'causes' of personality and,secondly, the stability of behavioural repertoires (essentially the defining feature of personality) have both been the subject of long-standing debate. This thesis is focused on investigating stable inter- and intra- individual differences in the behaviour of wildcaught bank voles, Myodes glareolus (that varied according to mtDNA type), and in common voles, Microtus arvalis. The first study, using wild voles, revealed empirical evidence about the effects of sex and mtDNA type on individual differences in basal metabolic rate and in behaviour in the open field which provides measures of approach and avoidance (here, generically termed 'proactivity') and which relate to several theoretical conceptualisations of animal personality. The second study demonstrated the presence of stable individual differences in reactions to exposure to open field test and radial maze in common voles, which were shaped by the social environment and in turn, related to cognitive efficiency. The same species was used in the third study documenting the distinct temporal patterns of behavioural plasticity that manifested over repeated exposures to the open field test. We suggest that this distinct temporal patterning in habituation, whilst it varied over time, was predictable in nature and therefore a reflection of a stable underlying personality. To conclude, this body of thesis work draws together a number of influencing factors, and considers their contribution to animal personality.
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Behavioural patterns exhibited by three populations of house mouse ( Mus musculus lato) in five-tests battery: the effects of subspecies and commensal way of life
Voráčková, Petra ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Macholán, Miloš (referee)
The term "personality" nowadays occurs more often not only in psychological studies of humans but also in animal studies. Studying of personality help us to define the behavioural characteristics which can vary within the age, sexes, species or enviroments. Behavioral experiments are used to detect these behavioral patterns and they can divide the animals into the different groups. The subject of our research became three populations of house mouse (Mus musculus sensu lato) which we tested in a series of experiments involving free exploration, forced exploration, hole- board test, test of vertical activity and Elevated plus-maze. These experiments should reveal wheter the mice differ in their behaviour through the context of sex, comensalism or subspecies. We found (with in excepcion of one test) that intrapopulation variability differences are very small but interpopulation differences purely increase in the cas of comensalism and effects of subspecies. Keywords: Mus musculus, comensalism, open fieldtest, Elevated plus-maze, Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
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Repeatability and personality in tests of exploratory behaviour
Žampachová, Barbora ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Sedláček, František (referee)
Personality, or behavioural differences among individuals, which are stable both in time and across contexts, is a highly popular topic. Currently there has been an increase of interest in the relationship between personality and repeatability, which is a methodical approach developed to measure the stability of interindividual differences in time. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the personality of rats according to behavioural patterns exhibited under widely used testing procedures in new environment (open field test, hole board test) and to compare, how behavioural traits in these tests mutually correlate and change over time. Each test trial was repeated eight times with different intervals (24 hours, 6 days, 4 weeks). The results suggest that most of the recorded behavioural variability can be explained with three principal axes. The first one is associated with loco-exploratory activity of the subject. The elements of behaviour associated with this axis are the most repeatable. The second axis is mostly associated with time the animal spent in the central part of the arena and the third axis represents the interest in holes in hole board test. These two axes are less repeatable. A significant effect of the identity of the animal was found in all behavioural traits, associated with these...
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The role of cannabinoid system in neurobiology and therapy of psychotic disorders - an experimental study in animal models of psychosis
Nováková, Pavlína ; Páleníček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šustková, Magdaléna (referee)
Throughout the scientific world the topic of cannabis usage and its link with psychosis seems to be discussed intensively. Considering the fact that the Czech Republic is a country with one of the highest prevalence of cannabis usage in the world it becomes a sensitive issue even in our circumstances. In the theoretical part of the work we attempted to review current knowledge of a link between cannabinoid system, canabis usage and psychosis and to point out possible future therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in the treatment of psychotic diseases. In the practical part of the work we focused on verification of propsychotic features of THC in animal model with particular attention to validation of acute subcutaneous admonistration of this drug as a novel cannabinoid model of psychosis. At the same time we tried to elucidate antipsychotic effect of CBD in this model. We tested these hypotheses in two behavioral tests (open field test, PPI ASR) and electrophysiologically (quantitative EEG). The whole analysis is enriched with pharmacokinetic data from subcutanneous and oral administration of cannabinoids. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Is daily activity in known environment correlated with activity in experimental apparatus?
KOLÁŘOVÁ, Petra
This study was aimed at daily activity of common vole (Microtus arvalis). The features as trajectory and differences in body weight were measured. Trajectory during three days long activity were compared with trajectory measured in Open Field Test. The impact of gender was assessed and change in body weight was analysed. Values as trajectory, mobility and mean velocity were gauged in Phenotyper and Open Field test, measuring were done in EthoVision (Noldus). Analysing proved differences between genders in body weight change. Correlation between trajectories and impact of gender at daily activity were not proved.
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Influence of developmental rate on behavioral personality forming
SCHMIDTMAJEROVÁ, Eva
The aim of this thesis was to empirically examine one of the theories regarding the laws of intraspecific variability in animal behavior, which assumes that differences in behavior are directly related to individual differences in the rate of growth. One of our most common rodents, common vole (Microtus arvalis) was chosen as a model species, mainly because lots of previous studies on this species have demonstrated, among other things, presence of consistent differences in behavior.
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Assessment of animal personality based on recaptures in bank vole (\kur{Clethrionomys glareolus})
ELEXHAUSEROVÁ, Anna
The aim of this study was to investigate the personality of bank vole using recaptures. Some behavioural types were determined (for example shy and bold) and influence of some factors on animal personality was defined (especially the daytime). The rate of repeatability of behaviour was also specified and the dependence of behaviour change on number of days between two captures was defined. Last, two types of tests used for animal personality were compared, indicating the differences between them.
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Causes and consequences of personalities in microtine rodents
LANTOVÁ, Petra
This thesis focuses on individually specific differences in behavioural strategies, personalities, with two microtine rodents (Microtus arvalis and M. oeconomus) as study species. The work evaluates methodology necessary to reveal and measure consistent individual differences in behaviour, identifies possible proximate and ultimate mechanisms behind the existence of individual behavioural variability, and describes some ecological, evolutionary and behavioural consequences of personalities.
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