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Waste water toxicity.
Urminská, Barbora ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The theoretical thesis is focused on evaluation of toxicity of wastewaters and effluents and also on specification of legislative requirements related to the subject. As the negative effects of effluents on receiving water do not always depend on presence and concentrations of toxic chemicals contained in the effluent, analyses of physical and chemical parameters only is not sufficient and does not provide adequate results. The aim of the thesis is to show the importance of using ecotoxicological biotests as a necessary part of whole effluent toxicity assessment and to describe approaches to this testing in the European Union countries.
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Assessment of the efficiency of wastewater treatment plant using ecotoxicity tests
Urminská, Barbora ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The possibilities of environmental pollution control are increasing and more advanced wastewater treatment methods are being emphasized, as well as more specific control of contaminants presence in treated waters. That is why it becomes relevant to perform not only chemical analysis but also ecotoxicological bioassays as the means of evaluation of biological effects caused by wastewater discharges to ecosystems. No wastewater treatment plant is able to treat the water perfectly – it can only decrease the pollution level to an acceptable value. Therefore it is important to find out if the treatment process is sufficient to provide a satisfactory decrease of ecotoxicity and also what effects to the organisms in recipient will be caused by wastewater discharges. The thesis is focused on the evaluation of wastewater ecotoxicity. In the experimental part of the thesis, wastewater samples were collected at four wastewater treatment plants in the Czech Republic. At one of them also the sludge samples were taken. The aim was to evaluate the efficiency of wastewater treatment by selected ecotoxicological bioassays. The results have shown that the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants with secondary treatment is sufficient to reduce acute toxic effects to the minimum. Average toxicity removal was over 80 % at three of four evaluated wastewater treatment plants. At the fourth WWTP it was 41 %, however, at this WWTP high efficiency of treatment is not necessary.
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Preparation and phytoextraction of 125-I labelled pharmaceuticals
Luptáková, Dominika ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Soudek, Petr (referee)
Pharmaceuticals are group of organic substances with significant worldwide consumption in human and veterinary medicine. These compounds may be metabolized in the organism, but in some cases they remain unchanged and both are usually excreted via renal excretion in the native form or as metabolites. Large quantities of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites contaminate municipal wastewater. The wastewater treatment plants are unable to remove these substances completely, so they contaminate surface water, groundwater and soil as well. Due to the biological activity of pharmaceuticals, long - term effect may cause bacterial resistance, endocrine influence, DNA and renal damages in non-target organisms. The phytoextraction and the translocation of radiolabeled diclofenac with 125 I were experimentally studied by using of in vitro cultivated plants Helianthus annuus and Zea mays. Efficiency od phytoextraction was monitored as decrease of radioactivity of tested substance [125 I]diclofenac in Murashige-Skoog cultivation medium. Both species are able to extract tested substance during 8 to 10 days of cultivation, with efficiency approximately 85 % using Zea mays and 79 % using Helianthus annuus. Better extraction ability of diclofenac was observed at Helianthus annuus - 80 mg/ kg of dry weight compared...
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Phytoextraction of Artificial Sweeteners from Aqueous Solutions
Luptáková, Dominika ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Břichnáčová Habartová, Věra (referee)
The artificial sweeteners are currently worldwide used as food additives. In human organism they are only partially metabolized and then renally excreted. The big amounts of these abiogenic compounds contaminate municipal wastewaters. The efficiency of cleaning process in the sewage treatment plants (STP) is usually for cyclamate about 99 % and saccharine cca. 90 %. Acesulfame K is in STP practically not eliminated. Although most of artificial sweeteners are considered as good degradable, the residues were found in both surface waters and groundwaters. At long-term treatment can these compounds exhibited biological effect such as cancer genesis, gastrointestinal effects and/or surprisingly body mass increasing. The phytoextraction of saccharine and acesulfame K was experimentally studied by using of "in vitro" cultivated plants Helianthus annuus, Zea mays, and Brassica napus. The phytoextraction was monitored as decrease in medium concentration of tested substance in Murashige-Skoog cultivation medium. It was shown, that used species are able to extract tested substances and during 5 to 7 days 30 - 60 % of acesulfam K and 50 - 60 % of saccharine amounts disappear from cultivation medium depending of used plant species. The best extraction ability was observed at Helianthus annuus cultivars - 0.1...
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Assessment of the efficiency of wastewater treatment plant using ecotoxicity tests
Urminská, Barbora ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The possibilities of environmental pollution control are increasing and more advanced wastewater treatment methods are being emphasized, as well as more specific control of contaminants presence in treated waters. That is why it becomes relevant to perform not only chemical analysis but also ecotoxicological bioassays as the means of evaluation of biological effects caused by wastewater discharges to ecosystems. No wastewater treatment plant is able to treat the water perfectly – it can only decrease the pollution level to an acceptable value. Therefore it is important to find out if the treatment process is sufficient to provide a satisfactory decrease of ecotoxicity and also what effects to the organisms in recipient will be caused by wastewater discharges. The thesis is focused on the evaluation of wastewater ecotoxicity. In the experimental part of the thesis, wastewater samples were collected at four wastewater treatment plants in the Czech Republic. At one of them also the sludge samples were taken. The aim was to evaluate the efficiency of wastewater treatment by selected ecotoxicological bioassays. The results have shown that the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants with secondary treatment is sufficient to reduce acute toxic effects to the minimum. Average toxicity removal was over 80 % at three of four evaluated wastewater treatment plants. At the fourth WWTP it was 41 %, however, at this WWTP high efficiency of treatment is not necessary.
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Waste water toxicity.
Urminská, Barbora ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The theoretical thesis is focused on evaluation of toxicity of wastewaters and effluents and also on specification of legislative requirements related to the subject. As the negative effects of effluents on receiving water do not always depend on presence and concentrations of toxic chemicals contained in the effluent, analyses of physical and chemical parameters only is not sufficient and does not provide adequate results. The aim of the thesis is to show the importance of using ecotoxicological biotests as a necessary part of whole effluent toxicity assessment and to describe approaches to this testing in the European Union countries.
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