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Ethical aspects of the use of behavioural insights in public policy making in the case study of the shared medication record
Havlíček, Petr ; Nekola, Martin (advisor) ; Kohoutek, Jan (referee)
The master's thesis is focused on the use of behavioural insights in public policy making. It presents possibilities and limitations that this approach brings in general and in the case study of shared medication record, describes the legislative framework and explores the ethical issues perceived by relevant stakeholders. The shared medication record is based on the principle of presumed consent of access doctors and pharmacists to the database of prescribed and dispensed medicines of the patient. He or she may thus make no effort to allow consent. If the patient does not agree with their access, he or she has the option of so-called opt-out, the granting of a prohibition of access. This type of public policy measure, i.e., nudge, is based on the libertarian paternalism. The paternalistic aspect in the shared medication record is represented by the protection of all citizens from possible unwanted medication interactions, the libertarian aspect is the possibility of opt-out.
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Evaluation of behavioral insights with its aplication in the Czech Republic
Makovec, Petr ; Cingl, Lubomír (advisor) ; Štěpánek, Pavel (referee)
Implementing behavioral insights into policy making goes along well with widespread effort for increased efficiency. From the public budget administrator point of view, this efficiency is crucial since it directly affects the current state of the budget. The theoretical part of this thesis consists of description of the most important parts of behavioral economics that can be used during the creation and setting of public policies. It also consists of brief description of current behavioral insights teams that are already using the insights representing more realistic behavior and decision making of individuals. In the analytical part of this thesis, I provide methodology of experiment evaluation as well as result extrapolation facets and risks. Those experiments usually take place before any reasonable extension is made. I also provide financial analysis of several experiments, should they be extended to larger group of individuals. In the last chapter of the analytical part, I discuss the possibilities of implementation of behavioral economics in the Czech Republic. Based on the calculations I ran, even a small change of the environment where people make decisions can significantly improve the results of the intervention, all that with minimal costs. It is however important to point out that not all behavioral insights inspirations end with success. Application of behavioral insights into policy making has got a great potential when it comes to the Czech Republic, as I show Using two examples from Health care and taxes revenues.
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The concept of libertarian paternalism in the recodification of Czech private law.
Mičková, Barbora ; Urban, Michal (advisor) ; Ondřejková, Jana (referee)
The master thesis The concept of libertarian paternalism in the recodification of Czech private law introduces a concept that works as an efficient synthesis of two different approaches to the relationship between the individual and the state: liberalism and paternalism. Libertarian paternalism deals mainly with the default system setting and setting of the recommendations and mechanism that are helpful in the decision making process of an individual as well as the whole society. The master thesis defines this concept, its main attributes and its tradition in the behavioral economics as well as its means and limits. The thesis shows how the use of this concept provides cheap and effective tools for nudging human decisions and behavior. The libertarian paternalistic approach in the law regulation is demonstrated in the new civil recodification, especially Civil Code 2012 as the fundamental act of civil law. The master thesis uses interdisciplinary approach to the topic, applying the perspectives of philosophy of law, economy, psychology and sociology.
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