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Degree of Parkinson's disease estimation based on acoustic analysis of speech
Ustohalová, Iveta ; Kiska, Tomáš (referee) ; Galáž, Zoltán (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the non-invasive analysis of progression of Parkinson´s disease using the acoustic analysis of speach. Hypokinetic dysarthria in connection with Parkinson´s disease as well as speech parameters are described in this work. Speech parameters are sorted according to the speech component they affect. The work uses the phonation of vowels "a" speech task as the most commonly used speech task in the field of pathological speech processing, because of its resistance to demographic and linguistic characteristics of the speakers. Based on obtained knowledge, in MATLAB development enviroment were created systém for UPDRS III scale estimation. The UPDRS III scale is based on subjective diagnosis given by the doctor. At first, one individual parameter is used for the UPDRS III scale value estimation. Then the feature selection using SFFS algorithm is applied to gain feature combination with minimal estimation errror. Attention i salso paid to correlation between individual symptoms and UPDSR III scale.
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Translation potential of current preclinical techniques for gene therapy of neurological diseases in clinic. A critical review.
Žideková, Paulína ; Novák, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jendelová, Pavla (referee)
Research in the field of gene therapy has potential to become a revolutionary way to the existing treatment for a wide spectrum of neurological diseases. To treat these disorders causally, by specific substituting, deleting, silencing or editing faulty genes could be a privilege of gene therapy. The concept of translational medicine is to facilitate the transfer of working principles in preclinical research into treatment in humans. Its key issue is to overcome limitations associated with the gap between the tremendous variety molecular biology tools of preclinical research and the lack of simple corresponding options in humans. Clinical implementation of most of the preclinical approaches is still considered to be limited. The main focus of this thesis is to summarize latest advancements of molecular and genetic engineering tools that themselves or in combination have the potential to promote most preclinical gene therapy of neurological diseases to clinical use. Based on that, this study aims to suggest perspective methods of treatment for selected neurological diseases.
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The Use of Vibration in Sports and Health Care
Koutná, Martina ; Stackeová, Daniela (advisor) ; Malá, Jitka (referee)
Title: The Use of Vibration in Sports and Health Care Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine whole-body vibration training as potential training method in sport and health area. The usage of vibration training should increase strength, bone mineral density, and balance. Methods: This diploma thesis is solely theoretical. It is based on review of available literary sources, clinical trials accessible through electronic databases of medical and sports, and library catalogs. The resources from sport, physiology, biomechanics, and various medical disciplines (osteology, physiotherapy, kinesiology) were used also. Results: The research concluded that the usage of whole-body vibration of an appropriate frequency or acceleration respectively could represent an alternative or a supplement to conventional training in order to increase muscle strength and bone mineral density or improve balance and mobility of elderly. The selection of right vibration parameters could support ordinary physical therapy of some neurological disorders. Keywords: vibration, whole-body vibration training, muscle strength, balance, bone mineral density, neurological disorders, physical therapy
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Use of vibration in sports and health care
Koutná, Martina ; Malá, Jitka (advisor) ; Pavlů, Dagmar (referee)
Title: The Use of Vibration in Sports and Health Care Objectives: The aim of this study is to confirm or refute established hypotheses. Hypotheses: 1. The use of vibration loading improves muscle strength. 2. The use of vibration loading improves bone mineral density. 3. The use of vibration loading can influence balance. Methods: This diploma thesis is elaborated as search form. It is based on exploration of available literary sources, clinical trials accessible through electronic databases of medical and sports, and library catalogs. The resources from sport, physiology, biomechanics, and various medical disciplines (osteology, physiotherapy, kinesiology) were used also. Results: Due to retrieval process of whole body vibration training it was found out that this method can improve muscle strength, bone mineral density, balance and mobility. The effect depends on chosen parameters of whole-body vibrations. Under certain conditions whole-body vibration training could represent an alternative or a supplement to conventional training in order to increase muscle strength and bone mineral density or improve balance and mobility of elderly. The selection of right vibration parameters could support ordinary physical therapy of some neurological disorders. Keywords: vibration, whole-body vibration...
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Defects in DNA repair and RNA metabolism associated with human neurological disorders
Cihlářová, Zuzana ; Hanzlíková, Hana (advisor) ; Čermák, Lukáš (referee) ; Roithová, Adriana (referee)
The human genome is constantly under the attack by various damaging agents, leading to the breakage of one or both strands of DNA that might interfere with RNA processing. Importantly, our cells have evolved diverse mechanisms to rapidly repair various DNA lesions, highlighting the importance of genetic integrity. Defects in DNA repair and/or RNA metabolism can lead to a variety of human hereditary diseases, with pathologies including growth and developmental defects, immunodeficiency, predisposition to cancer, and neurodegeneration. Mutations in the BRAT1 (BRCA1-associated ATM activator-1) protein have been associated with neurological disorders characterized by heterogenous phenotypes with varying levels of clinical severity ranging from microcephaly, hypertonia, epilepsy, seizures, and early death in the first two years of life to mild cerebellar atrophy and ataxia. Previously, BRAT1 protein has been implicated in the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks and ATM signalling. However, the exact mechanism/s by which mutations in BRAT1 gene trigger neurological disorders are largely unknown. Recently, we have identified a homozygous missense c.185T>A (p.Val62Glu) variant in BRAT1 that markedly reduced the level of BRAT1 protein in patient-derived cell lines. Surprisingly, our data show that...
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Nutritional support in patients with neurological disease
Laštovička, Petr ; Jambor, Daniel (advisor) ; Cempírek, Ondřej (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of nutritional support in patients with neurological diseases (stroke, craniocerebral trauma, critical-illness-polyneuropathy. The aim of this thesis is to find out, how implemented unified system of nutritional support affects the well-being of patients at neuro-rehabilitation clinic Asklepios Schlossberg Klinikum in Bad König. There were observed 58 patients (33 men and 25 women) during 8 weeks. The theoretical part of this thesis describes basic components of nutrition, energy expenditure and needs, selected neurological diseases, dysphagia, malnutrition and nutrition in intensive neurological care. The practical part of the thesis analyses data obtained by the observation. There are observed changes of body weight, BMI and laboratory values of total protein and albumin in serum. These data are divided by sex, age and type of disease. Based on the results, it was found that although patients due to uniform tube feeding do not have sufficient protein intake, serum total protein and albumin levels increased. This can be caused by eating a uniform diet that contains good quality protein in patients, which suffered from hypoalbunemia at the outset of observation, also by reducing the effect of stress reactions with gradual improvement of the state and...
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Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II as a Drug Target and a Molecular Address for Cancer Treatment
Knedlík, Tomáš ; Konvalinka, Jan (advisor) ; Stiborová, Marie (referee) ; Souček, Pavel (referee)
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), also known as prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), is a membrane metallopeptidase overexpressed on most prostate cancer cells. Additionally, GCPII also attracted neurologists' attention because it cleaves neurotransmitter N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate (NAAG). Since NAAG exhibits neuroprotective effects, GCPII may participate in a number of brain disorders, which were shown to be ameliorated by GCPII selective inhibitors. Therefore, GCPII has become a promising target for imaging and prostate cancer targeted therapy as well as therapy of neuronal disorders. Globally, prostate cancer represents the second most prevalent cancer in men. With the age, most men will develop prostate cancer. However, prostate tumors are life threatening only if they escape from the prostate itself and start to spread to other tissues. Therefore, considerable efforts have been made to discover tumors earlier at more curable stages as well as to target aggressive metastatic cancers that have already invaded other tissues and become resistant to the standard treatment. Since patients undergoing a conventional therapy (a combination of chemotherapy and surgery) suffer from severe side effects, more effective ways of treatment are being searched for. Novel approaches include selective...
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The Use of Vibration in Sports and Health Care
Koutná, Martina ; Stackeová, Daniela (advisor) ; Malá, Jitka (referee)
Title: The Use of Vibration in Sports and Health Care Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine whole-body vibration training as potential training method in sport and health area. The usage of vibration training should increase strength, bone mineral density, and balance. Methods: This diploma thesis is solely theoretical. It is based on review of available literary sources, clinical trials accessible through electronic databases of medical and sports, and library catalogs. The resources from sport, physiology, biomechanics, and various medical disciplines (osteology, physiotherapy, kinesiology) were used also. Results: The research concluded that the usage of whole-body vibration of an appropriate frequency or acceleration respectively could represent an alternative or a supplement to conventional training in order to increase muscle strength and bone mineral density or improve balance and mobility of elderly. The selection of right vibration parameters could support ordinary physical therapy of some neurological disorders. Keywords: vibration, whole-body vibration training, muscle strength, balance, bone mineral density, neurological disorders, physical therapy
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Use of vibration in sports and health care
Koutná, Martina ; Malá, Jitka (advisor) ; Pavlů, Dagmar (referee)
Title: The Use of Vibration in Sports and Health Care Objectives: The aim of this study is to confirm or refute established hypotheses. Hypotheses: 1. The use of vibration loading improves muscle strength. 2. The use of vibration loading improves bone mineral density. 3. The use of vibration loading can influence balance. Methods: This diploma thesis is elaborated as search form. It is based on exploration of available literary sources, clinical trials accessible through electronic databases of medical and sports, and library catalogs. The resources from sport, physiology, biomechanics, and various medical disciplines (osteology, physiotherapy, kinesiology) were used also. Results: Due to retrieval process of whole body vibration training it was found out that this method can improve muscle strength, bone mineral density, balance and mobility. The effect depends on chosen parameters of whole-body vibrations. Under certain conditions whole-body vibration training could represent an alternative or a supplement to conventional training in order to increase muscle strength and bone mineral density or improve balance and mobility of elderly. The selection of right vibration parameters could support ordinary physical therapy of some neurological disorders. Keywords: vibration, whole-body vibration...
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Degree of Parkinson's disease estimation based on acoustic analysis of speech
Ustohalová, Iveta ; Kiska, Tomáš (referee) ; Galáž, Zoltán (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the non-invasive analysis of progression of Parkinson´s disease using the acoustic analysis of speach. Hypokinetic dysarthria in connection with Parkinson´s disease as well as speech parameters are described in this work. Speech parameters are sorted according to the speech component they affect. The work uses the phonation of vowels "a" speech task as the most commonly used speech task in the field of pathological speech processing, because of its resistance to demographic and linguistic characteristics of the speakers. Based on obtained knowledge, in MATLAB development enviroment were created systém for UPDRS III scale estimation. The UPDRS III scale is based on subjective diagnosis given by the doctor. At first, one individual parameter is used for the UPDRS III scale value estimation. Then the feature selection using SFFS algorithm is applied to gain feature combination with minimal estimation errror. Attention i salso paid to correlation between individual symptoms and UPDSR III scale.
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