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Therapeutic potential of Sertoli cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases
Djekić, Danijela ; Krylov, Vladimír (advisor) ; Fikarová, Natálie (referee)
Neurodegenerative diseases are widespread and their incidence is increasing worldwide. They become the main cause of incapacity for work and affect not only their carriers, but also their immediate surroundings. One of the causes of the development of these diseases is the inflammatory process. Sertoli cells are capable of locally and systemically inducing an anti- inflammatory response of the immune system, which has recently been used for allotransplantation of grafts of various origins. It is the anti-inflammatory nature of these cells that can be interesting for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Case Study of Physiotherapeutic Treatment of a Patient with the Diagnosis M. Parkinson
Stuchlíková, Kateřina ; Neuwirthová, Svatava (advisor) ; Saveljev, Michal (referee)
v Abstract Author: Kateřina Stuchlíková Supervisor: Mgr. Svatava Neuwirthová Title: A case report of physiotherapeutic care for a patient with Parkinson's disease Objectives: The main objective of this bachelor thesis i to process a case study of a ptient diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in the special part and in the theorethical part to provide information about this diagnosis, particularly focusing on etiopathogenesis, diagnosis ant treatment. Methods: The general part includes theoretical information about Parkinson's disease concerning clinical presentation, ethiopathogenesis, pathophysiology, diagnostic options and teratment, including rehabilitation. The special part contains the case report of the patient, whoch was developer during the bachelor's internship at the Nemocnice milosrdných sester svatého Karla Boromejského. Results: The objectives of both the theorethical and special parts were fulfilled. Conclusion: Based on the evaluation of the therapy's efect, it can be stated that physiotherapeutic care was succesful because it had a partially positive impact on the patient's condition. Keywords: Parkinson's disease, physiotherapy, case report, neurodegenerative disease, tremor, rigidity, hypokinesia, bradykinesia, akinesia
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Case Study of Physiotherapy Treatment of a Patient with Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
Novotný, Ondřej ; Kučerová, Ilona (advisor) ; Nováková, Tereza (referee)
Title: Case study of physiotherapeutic treatment of patient with diagnosis of multiple sclerosis Author: Ondřej Novotný Head of the thesis: Mgr. Ilona Kučerová Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to elaboratethe theoretical part of the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Follow-up practical processing of the case study of patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis Methods: This work was processed based on bachelor's and specialized internships. The case study was conducted on a patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis at Agel Říčany a. s., with these internships taking place from January 8, 2024, to February 2, 2024. Specialized methods taught at the UK FTVS were used in the bachelor's degree program scope. Initialy, the patient's medical history was taken, followed by an initial kinesiological analysis. Based on the results of the initial kinesiological analysis, a shortterm and long-term therapeutic plan were established. A total of 17 therapeutic sessions were conducted. During the final session, an exit kinesiological analysis was performed, upon which the therapy's effectiveness was evaluated. The general section involved processing theoretical information related to multiple sclerosis. Results: As a result of the therapy, the patient experienced improvement, and most of the set goals were...
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Nutrition and cerebral neurodegenerative diseases
Šálková, Michaela ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
This bachelor‘s thesis is literary research and its topic is focused on the effect of nutrition on the development of neurodegenerative diseases. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part deals with the structure and physiology of the human brain. In the second part are described all essential nutrients which the brain needs to maintain its functions. The third part focuses on neurodegenerative diseases and their epidemiology and pathophysiology. In this part are also examined nutrients which could be possibly useful in the prevention or which could be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. Explored diseases include dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and unipolar depression.The aim of this thesis was to find accessible literature focused on this topic and make a discussion.
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Identification of sleep disorders based on actigraphy data and sleep diaries
Molík, Miroslav ; Mekyska, Jiří (referee) ; Mikulec, Marek (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with prediction of Parkinson's disease using sleep parameters from actigraphy and sleep diaries. The goal is to design a machine learning approach, which will be able to recognize pacients suffering from Parkinson's disease. For training dataset supplied by St. Anne's University Hospital Brno was used, which was variously modified for achieving best possible results. These adjustments were evaluated according to the results of the trained models and based on these results, two models (achieving test accuracies of 85 and 82%) were selected.
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Influence of parcellation atlas on quality of classification in patients with neurodegenerative dissease
Montilla, Michaela ; Lamoš, Martin (referee) ; Gajdoš, Martin (advisor)
The aim of the thesis is to define the dependency of the classification of patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases on the choice of the parcellation atlas. Part of this thesis is the application of the functional connectivity analysis and the calculation of graph metrics according to the method published by Olaf Sporns and Mikail Rubinov [1] on fMRI data measured at CEITEC MU. The application is preceded by the theoretical research of parcellation atlases for brain segmentation from fMRI frames and the research of mathematical methods for classification as well as classifiers of neurodegenerative diseases. The first chapters of the thesis brings a theoretical basis of knowledge from the field of magnetic and functional magnetic resonance imaging. The physical principles of the method, the conditions and the course of acquisition of image data are defined. The third chapter summarizes the graph metrics used in the diploma thesis for analyzing and classifying graphs. The paper presents a brief overview of the brain segmentation methods, with the focuse on the atlas-based segmentation. After a theoretical research of functional connectivity methods and mathematical classification methods, the findings were used for segmentation, calculation of graph metrics and for classification of fMRI images obtained from 96 subjects into the one of two classes using Binary classifications by support vector machines and linear discriminatory analysis. The data classified in this study was measured on patiens with Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a combination of PD and MCI and subjects belonging to the control group of healthy individuals. For pre-processing and analysis, the MATLAB environment, the SPM12 toolbox and The Brain Connectivity Toolbox were used.
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The role of a specific miRNAs in the regulation of apoptosis during physiological and pathophysiological processes in the CNS
Kaslová, Tereza ; Romanyuk, Natalyia (advisor) ; Klassen, Ruslan (referee)
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs of 20 to 24 nucleotides in size that are able to post- transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to mRNA. This paper focuses on how these microRNAs are generated and how they are able to regulate at the level of proteins involved in programmed cell death - apoptosis. By what mechanisms apoptosis occurs, what proteins are involved and what changes the cell undergoes are further discussed in this thesis. The precise influence of this post-transcriptional regulation is presented by using selected microRNAs that influence apoptosis during the development of the central nervous system, as well as during and as a consequence of the neurodegenerative diseases and damage that can affect it. Finally, it will also introduce the use of microRNAs as potential biomarkers, due to changes in their levels associated with various diseases, and as direct therapeutic targets. Keywords Apoptosis, microRNA, cell death, central nervous system, neurodegenerative diseases, gene expression regulation
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Disorders of brain energy metabolism in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease
Řezáčová, Adéla ; Telenský, Petr (advisor) ; Kolář, David (referee)
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases belong to group of neurodegenerative diseases that affect not only the patients, but also their surroundings. Patients of those diseases gradually lose their neurons. Both disorders are typical for pathophysiological accumulation of proteins which affect the functioning of neurons and astrocytes. These disorders are also characterised by mitochondrial senescence and its damages which itself manifest by dysfunction of various complexes. Furthermore, in both diseases, there can be found insulin resistance, which leads to an insufficient insulin signalization. Both diseases are also accompanied by impaired metabolisms of amino acids. With Alzheimer's disease, there is significantly lowered metabolism of glucose, whereas with Parkinson's disease, there is not enough stimulation for action potential to proceed in dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. These impairments in Alzheimer's disease cause cognitive dysfunction, while with Parkinson's disease, these defects predominantly lead to complications with motor function. By studying energetic changes in presented diseases could bring more effective treatment.
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Communication disorders of people with Alzheimer's disease
Bláhová, Natálie ; Korandová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Horynová, Jana (referee)
The topic of the thesis Communication disorders of people with Alzhiemer's disease is focused on the analysis of the manifestations of impaired communication ability of people with Alzheimer's disease. The bachelor thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part consists of two chapters. In the firts chapter, entitled Theoretical Background, the term communication is discussed, as well as the concept of dementia. Other subsections discuss cognitive-communication disorders and manifestiations of impaired communication ability of people with dementia. Speech and language process deficits in individual language levels are also listed here. The second chapter deals with neurodegenerative disease. It is followed by a subchapter related to Alzheimer's disease and subsequently clarifies the topic of the burden placed on family caregivers. The practical part presents an analysis of a research investigation that was carried out in the Clementas home for the elderly in Janovice nad Úhlavou. A presentation of the Clementas Center is also included in the bachelor's thesis. The research sample consisted of tree clients of this home. The practical part was based on observing the participants, using indicative diagnostic tools and the clients' health documentation. Furthermore, the...
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Case Study of a Physiotherapy Treatment of a Patient with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Pešková, Laura ; Novotná, Irena (advisor) ; Hamouzová, Dita (referee)
v Abstract Author: Laura Pešková Supervisor: Mgr. Irena Novotná Title: Case study of a physiotherapy treatment of a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Objectives: The aim of this bachelor thesis is to summarize the theoretical knowledge about the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, about the possibilities of therapy and to elaborate a case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient with this diagnosis. Methods: The thesis is divided into two parts - a general part and a special part. The general part is focused on the summary of theoretical knowledge about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This part includes chapters of neuroanatomy, general characteristics and clinical picture of the disease, possibilities of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The special part includes initial kinesiological examination, design of short-term and long-term physiotherapy plan, description of therapeutic units, output kinesiological examination and evaluation of the effect of therapy. Results: Positive outcomes of the physiotherapy intervention include increased range of motion, improved gait stability and training in independent verticalization. The therapy failed to affect muscle tone and spasticity. All results of the work are presented in the chapter on the effect of therapy. Conclusion: The above case...
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