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Mechanisms of muscle non-shivering thermogenesis
Vávrová, Anna ; Bardová, Kristina (advisor) ; Galatík, František (referee)
The capacity to regulate body temperature is of great importance for the survival and evolution of organisms. Endotherms possess highly efficient mechanisms for generating heat, including muscle shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis (NST), which occurs predominantly in brown adipose tissue and muscle. The process of muscle NST is a complex one, involving multiple mechanisms. However, it seems likely that the effect of sarcolipin on SERCA protein plays a key role. This occurs when ATP cleavage occurs without Ca2+ pumping into the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum, accompanied by heat generation. Other key proteins of the muscle NST include ryanodine receptors, which regulate calcium concentrations, and phospholamban, which regulates SERCA activity. Mitochondrial activity also plays a crucial role in this process. The ability of muscle NST depends on the ontogenetic stage of the organism and the external conditions to which it is exposed. In addition to thermal homeostasis, these mechanisms also have a major impact on the regulation of whole-body metabolism and may serve as protection against diet-induced obesity. As with other thermogenic mechanisms, muscle NST is an energy-intensive process. Consequently, an understanding of its processes and the ability to regulate them could provide a new avenue in...
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Brown adipose tissue and its positive effects
Máchová, Magdaléna ; Horníková, Daniela (advisor) ; Haasová, Eliška (referee)
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized type of adipose tissue that plays an important role in non-shivering thermogenesis which is induced most often after cold acclimation. However, many studies have also highlighted the role of BAT in influencing the cardiovascular system and thus obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2, atherosclerosis, and insulin resistance. BAT has a protective effect against oxidative stress and recent studies suggest that it also has a potential therapeutic relevance for the treatment of cancer and osteoporosis, while it may also play a role in the body's immunomodulatory effects. Key words: brown adipose tissue, non-shivering thermogenesis, cold acclimation, β-adrenergic receptors, therapeutic potential
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Gamma-delta T lymphocytes in adipose tissue
Sztoláriková, Adéla ; Krulová, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Pačes, Jan (referee)
T lymphocytes are a unique type of T lymphocytes which, because of their innate-like qualities, belong to the so-called innate lymphocytes. Although they are a relatively rare population of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood, they are enriched in many peripheral tissues where they participate in immune responses to infectious pathogens and cell transformation. In addition, they play a role in the development of several autoimmune disorders. Recently, non- immune functions of T lymphocytes in tissue repair and tissue homeostasis have also been emphasized. This work focuses on the characterization of T lymphocytes, especially those residing in adipose tissue. T lymphocytes regulate adipose tissue homeostasis and overall energy metabolism. The roles of T lymphocytes under physiological and non-physiological conditions are described, including their impact on the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The possible applications of these lymphocytes in the treatment of these diseases are also briefly mentioned.
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An effect of cold showers on physical characteristics of adults
ANDERLOVÁ, Štěpánka
The bachelor thesis is focused on the behavior of brown adipose tissue (BAT) when activated by cold exposure. Non-shaking thermogenesis then takes place in this tissue, during which heat is generated. For this reason, it is possible to activate BAT with a cold shower, during which a given thermogenesis takes place, and to monitor the impact on the change in the physical charakteristics of an adult. The cold showers research involved 48 students aged 19-26 who took a shower with cold water several times a week. One group was taking cold showers for 11 months, the other for three months. Their body composition was measured with a Bodystat device and skin folds was measured at four parts of the body using a caliper, always at the beginning and at the end of the research. The measured data were processed and evaluated. An important result can be found in experimental groups, where with increasing number of cold showers there was an increase in adipose tissue, even though the result is not statistically significant.
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Non-shivering thermogenesis - UCP1 and other alternative mechanisms
Kružíková, Nikola ; Zouhar, Petr (advisor) ; Tauchmannová, Kateřina (referee)
Adaptive thermogenesis is a natural mechanism by which endothermic organisms increase their basal metabolic rate to maintain stable body temperature. During acute exposure to subthermoneutral temperatures, the first reaction of organism is shivering which is gradually replaced by nonshivering thermogenesis. Nonshivering thermogenesis in mammals is associated with a UCP1 protein located in the inner mitochondrial membrane in adipose cells. In active mode, UCP1 uncouples respiratory chain from ATP synthesis and by that significantly increases metabolic rate. Apart from UCP1, some alternative mechanisms of nonshivering thermogenesis were suggested - namely: sarcolipin uncoupling ATP hydrolysis from pumping calcium ions through SERCA pump in skeletal muscle, phosphocreatine hydrolysis in adipose tissue or futile cycling of triacylglycerols and fatty acids reesterification. However, to date, there is rather indirect and not generally accepted evidence that these mechanisms contribute significantly to adaptive nonshivering thermogenesis. Better understanding of the nonshivering thermogenesis processes would be of great clinical importance as it could allow identification of potential targets for pharmacological manipulation of energy expenditure and thus provide novel methods for reducing obesity and...
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An effect of cold showers on the BMI or prevalence of obesity
OSTRÁ, Marie
The thesis is based on recent evidence of the presence and functionality of brown adipose tissue (in human body) which have brought increased interest in non-sheath thermogenesis and the role of BAT in metabolism. Since BAT is generally activated by cold exposure, there is a question of the relationship between the amount of body fat in human body (BMI index) and regular cold exposure. The study (cold showers several times a week for three months) was attended by a total of 49 probands in the age range of 19 - 25 years. They were all measured before and after cold showers on a Bodystat device where body fat percentage, the percentage of active body mass (ATH), the percentage of lean body mass, the percentage of body water, the BMI and the WHR index were found. Subsequently, the identified characteristics were compared and evaluated. An important result is the difference in body fat percentage where, due to the cold showers and anticipated activation of BAT, there was a statistically significant reduction in body fat in the experimental group of women. It can be stated that cold showers can have significant potential in the fight against obesity.
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