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Reakce neuroendokrinního systému koní na stres
Šimková, Daria
ŠIMKOVÁ, D. Reaction of Horse´s Neuroendocrine System to Stress. Mendel University in Brno, 2017. Bachelor thesis. The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of stress in connection with neuroendocrine systems. The work is focused on the comparison and cooperation of these two systems depending on the stress. The first part describes general characteristics of the endocrine system and hormones, a general description of the nervous system and the definition and view of stress. In the next part are given the specific organs of the given systems and their main function. End of the chapter is devoted to the pathological processes of both systems. In conclusion the effect of stress on these systems and the impact on possible desorders and diseases of the neuroendocrine system are summarized.
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Effect of stress hormones on mesenchymal stem cells
Karásková, Eva ; Krulová, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Hejnová, Lucie (referee)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with the capacity to differentiate into cell lineages such as osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes. They maintain homeostasis in organism and contribute to wound healing and tissue regeneration. Usually, they are isolated from bone marrow or adipose tissue and they are primarily studied in regenerative medicine. Stress reaction is neurohumoral preparation for "fight or flight", that occurs in response to physical or mental stresssors. However, chronic stress has a negative impact on organism; it causes gradual exhaustion and damage in the whole body. Main hypothesis of this study is that stress hormones and neurotransmitters affect MSCs, which subsequently results in disturbed homeostasis and integrity of organism, delayed wound healing and attenuated tissue regeneration. Stress hormones influence quality and function of MSCs, especially their capabilities of differentiation, migration to wounded tissue and production of bioactive molecules. Key words: mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), catecholamines, hormones, dopamine, nervous system, stress
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Technology for growing Leuzey Saflor (Leuzea Carthamoids DC) and its application
FEJO, Eva
Maralí kořen or parcha saflorová is very easy-growing plant from Asie, specifically from the area of Sibir. It has a specific form resembling thistle. It is very durable plant which can be grown in almost all kinds of climate conditions. Thanks to its origin it has wide range of utilization as well. Its use has been know for many years and it was mainly used in the place of origin. In the Czech Republic parcha is not so common because it came several years ago. However, it has very positive impacts on curing even serious illnesses, central nervous system and libido.
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Functional morphology of schistosome miracidia
Svobodová, Kateřina ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Bulantová, Jana (referee)
Trematodes of the family Schistosomatidae are important pathogens invading various species of birds and mammals, including man. Miracidium is the first larval stage in the complex life cycle of these parasites. The fate of the parasite depends on the ability of the larva to find, recognize and penetrate into a suitable snail host. Miracidium locates its snail host actively. Miracidium respond to environmental cues and also by recognition of specific glycoproteins produced by snails to the water environment. Free-living miracidium has limited energy reserves, so it has to find and penetrate into a suitable host as quickly as possible. Cilia serve to fast movement in the aquatic environment. The surface of the miracidium is covered with flat ciliated epidermal plates arranged in four tiers. These plates are separated from each other by epidermal ridges. The anterior end of miracidia is cone-shaped and is called apical papilla. Apical papilla is a key tool for penetration and it contains openings of penetration glands. Miracidia display a variety of sensory receptors which help miracidium in orientation. However, there is not much known about miracidial receptor function. Miracidial morphology can serve as a suitable characteristic for schistosome species identification. The thesis summarizes the...
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Nervous system and cognitive abilities of gallinaceous birds
Zhang, Yicheng ; Němec, Pavel (advisor) ; Landová, Eva (referee)
2. Abstract Avian brain has traditionally been looked upon as a small, simple and almost entirely composed of basal ganglia and subserving exclusively instinctive behavior. In stark contrast to these obsolete notions, recent evidence demonstrates that, despite a lack of layered neocortex, extensive regions of the avian cerebrum are homologous to pallial components of the mammalian brain, conform to the same organizational principles and play similar roles in higher cognitive functions. Indeed, behavioural studies have shown that some birds have cognitive abilities that match or surpass those of mammals, most notably corvids and parrots rivalling the great apes in many cognitive domains. While these highly encephalized birds are often utilized as models in behavioural studies addressing avian cognitive capacities, less encephalized birds receive only scant attention. The gallinaceous birds (Galliformes), which together with the anseriform birds (Anseriformes) represent a sister group of Neoaves and the most basal clade of Neognathae, possess relatively small brains. Their cerebrotype is characterized by small forebrain, small nidopallium and large brain stem. Brain of gallinaceous birds is significantly lateralized. Brains of domesticated galliforms are significantly reduced in comparison to brain of their...
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