|
|
SMV-2023-54: EM Nematodes II 2023
Hrubanová, Kamila
The aim of the contract research was the expert analysis of biological samples with the intention of describing morphological features for species classification. As part of the collaboration, chemical preparation of the samples was carried out, followed by observation of the bodies of the nematodes themselves in different positions so that individual morphological characters could be distinguished using an electron microscope.
|
|
|
SMV-2023-55: EM Nematodes I 2023
Hrubanová, Kamila
The aim of the contract research was the expert analysis of biological samples with the intention of describing morphological features for species classification. As part of the collaboration, chemical preparation of the samples was carried out, followed by observation of the bodies of the nematodes themselves in different positions so that individual morphological characters could be distinguished using an electron microscope.
|
|
|
Diagnostika parazitárních onemocnění a úspěšnost vybraných terapeutických postupů u lichokopytníků a sudokopytníků
HAVRDOVÁ, Nikola
This dissertation dealt with the diagnosis and therapeutic procedures for the treatment of parasitic diseases in odd-toed and even-toed ungulates with selected anthelmintics. Between 2020 - 2023, 5.359 artiodactyls and 819 solipeds, namely cattle, sheep, goats, aurochs, mouflon, deer, bison, bison bonasus, horses, donkeys and ponies, were microscopically examined for the presence of nematodes, trematodes or cestodes in faecal samples in the Czech Republic. Molecularly, 76 cattle samples, 26 bison bonasus samples and 52 bison samples were examined for the presence of trematodes and C. daubneyi was detected. Parasitic infections were monitored in naturally infected individuals, and during the study no clinical signs suggestive of parasitemia were observed in any of the monitored individuals. The most parasitic infections were evaluated for H. contortus, O. ostertagi, M. benedeni, C. daubneyi and A. perfoliata. As part of the dissertation, a total of ten anthelmintics available in the Czech Republic were chosen, focusing on individual categories of parasitic infections in various animal species. Based on laboratory analyzes of LDA tests, the species of nematode was determined according to the developmental stage of the larvae, which helped to choose the appropriate anthelmintic during treatment. In conclusion, it can be stated that almost all anthelmintics have been shown to be effective in therapeutically treated farm animals.
|
|
| |
|
|
Possibilities of use of selected entomopathogenic fungi in biological control of agricultural pest species
KONOPICKÁ, Jana
Ph.D. thesis is focused on the entomopathogenic fungi that can be used in biological control. Ph.D. thesis consists of two main parts: 1) a detailed background research, and 2) five subchapters of the experimental part and results, which contain original publications describing results of my own studies. The first study focused on the isolation and identification of new strains of entomopathogenic fungi from soil samples collected in garlic and onion fields in the Czech Republic and Israel. Furthermore, the efficacy of selected fungal strains against the bulb mite Rhizoglyphus robini was tested. A total of 5 genera of entomopathogenic fungi (Metarhizium sp., Beauveria sp., Isaria sp., Lecanicilium sp. and Purpureocillium sp.) were identified among the soil isolates from both countries. The most frequent was the genus Metarhizium sp. especially in sampling sites of the Czech Republic. The highest efficacy against Rhizoglyphus robini mites was found in Metarhizium anisopliae strains isolated from soil samples collected in the Czech Republic and in Metarhizium indigoticum strain from Israel. Mortality after 4 days of the bioassay was almost 100%. The second study investigated the efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria fumosorosea CCM 8367 against box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis). Fungal infection was mostly observed in pupae. However, mortality did not exceed 60%, indicating a very low susceptibility of box tree moth to Isaria fumosorosea CCM 8367. In the third subchapter, various strains of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana were tested against the Colorado potato beetle, a serious pest of potato. First, laboratory experiments were performed and the most virulent strain BBA 08 against this pest was selected and used subsequently in further experiments. The strain efficacy against L. decemlineata adults was evaluated in pot experiments and under field conditions. The fungus was applied alone and in combination with entomopathogenic nematodes. In all experiments, the fungus reduced the number of Colorado potato beetle adults by about 30% compared to the control. The fourth study described enrichment of soil substrate with entomopathogenic fungus Isaria fumosorosea CCM 8367 for increasing its suppressivity. The results showed that the fungus successfully colonized the soil substrate and remained in it for more than 6 months at 20 °C, although the average concentration decreased slightly from 5.89×104 to 2.76×104 spores per milliliter of substrate during the experiment. The last study described dissemination of Isaria fumosorosea CCM 8367 spores by nematodes of Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. The results of our study revealed for the first time that the spread of conidia and blastospores of Isaria fumosorosea in soil environment is significantly enhanced by the presence of entomopathogenic nematodes.
|
|
|
Migration and pathogenicity of neurotropic helminths
Pech, Václav ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Chanová, Marta (referee)
A neurotropism of helminths can be observed in their intermediate, paratenic and definitive hosts. Neurotropic helminths migrate through the nervous tissue, where maturation and reproduction can take place. The neurotropic helminths can be found in the family of trematodes (Diplostomum baeri, D. phoxini, Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus, Trichobilharzia regenti), cestodes (Taenia multiceps, T. solium) and nematodes (Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Elaphostrongylus cervi, Parelaphostronglus tenuis, Baylisascaris procyonis). Presence of these helminths in the nervous tissue can (usually with contribution of the immune system) lead to neurological or other pathological changes: the infected hosts can even die. Some of the neurotropic helminths (A. cantonensis, B. procyonis, T. solium, T. multiceps) can infect humans as well.
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Migration and pathogenicity of neurotropic helminths
Pech, Václav ; Chanová, Marta (referee) ; Horák, Petr (advisor)
A neurotropism of helminths can be observed in their intermediate, paratenic and definitive hosts. Neurotropic helminths migrate through the nervous tissue, where maturation and reproduction can take place. The neurotropic helminths can be found in the family of trematodes (Diplostomum baeri, D. phoxini, Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus, Trichobilharzia regenti), cestodes (Taenia multiceps, T. solium) and nematodes (Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Elaphostrongylus cervi, Parelaphostronglus tenuis, Baylisascaris procyonis). Presence of these helminths in the nervous tissue can (usually with contribution of the immune system) lead to neurological or other pathological changes: the infected hosts can even die. Some of the neurotropic helminths (A. cantonensis, B. procyonis, T. solium, T. multiceps) can infect humans as well.
|
|
|
Intestinal nematodes of horses
JAROLÍMKOVÁ, Alžběta
The intestinal nematodes of horses were investigated in this study. Especially the gastrointestinal parasites of groups Strongylinae and Cyathostominae were studied: Strongyloides westeri, Parascaris eqourum a Oxyuris equi. Study concerns with preventive proceeding of inception of parasitic diseases, selection of right anthelmintics and antiparasitic programmes, resistance of gastrointestinal parasites on anthelmintics and their effective matters. Finally, the possible solutions are suggested based on the study.
|
guest ::
