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Ekonomická kríza a zmena role centrálnych bánk: prípadová štúdia Českej a Slovenskej republiky
Galbová, Lenka
Galbová, L. Economic crisis and the change of role of central banks: case study for Czech republic and Slovak republic. Diploma thesis. Brno. Mendel University in Brno, 2018 Diploma thesis deals with impact of monetary policy on economics in Czech republic and Slovak republic in times of financial crisis and after. The theoretical part describes the measures taken by the monetary authorities in both countries, focusing on both standard and non-standard tools that have been used in these times. The main part of the thesis examines the impact of monetary policy through a multiple regression analysis of time series on export and inflation of the Czech and Slovak Republic using selected indicators. Based on the results of the analysis, the thesis evaluates this impact of monetary policy in both countries.
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Nekonvenčné nástroje Európskej centrálnej banky v období finančnej krízy
Bírošík, Roman
The bachelor thesis is focused on monetary policy of the European Central Bank. This thesis describes the causes of the use of unconventional monetary policy measures and explains their functioning in practise. Subsequently, the effectiveness of non-standard measures is evaluated on the basis of the relevant economic indicators in relation to the objectives, which was set. One chapter of the thesis is devoted to the functioning of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy and the causes of disruption.
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Negative interest rates as a monetary policy measure
Tvrdek, Filip ; Bič, Josef (advisor) ; Žamberský, Pavel (referee)
Bachelor thesis examines negative interest rates used as a monetary policy measure. In the first part, theoretic overview and description of current macroeconomic developments are provided, as well as reasons which led central banks to implement unconventional policy steps. In the main part of the thesis, possible effects of negative interest rate policy are presented and verified using the example of five economies - Sweden, Denmark, euro area, Switzerland and Japan. The final assessment states that negative interest rate policy brings mixed results with strong possible threats in the future.
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The Effectiveness of Unconventional Monetary Policy Tools at the Zero Lower Bound: A DSGE Approach
Malovaná, Simona ; Holub, Tomáš (advisor) ; Franče, Václav (referee)
The central bank is not able to further ease monetary conditions once it ex- hausts the space for managing short-term policy rate. Then it has to turn its attention to unconventional measures. The thesis provides a discussion about the suitability of different unconventional policy tools in the Czech situation while the foreign exchange (FX) interventions have proven to be the most appropriate choice. A New Keynesian small open economy DSGE model estimated for the Czech Republic is enhanced to model the FX interventions and to compare dif- ferent monetary policy rules at the zero lower bound (ZLB). The thesis provides three main findings. First, the volatility of the real and nominal macroeconomic variables is magnified in the response to the domestic demand shock, the for- eign financial shock and the foreign inflation shock. Second, the volatility of prices decreases significantly if the central bank adopts price-level or exchange rate targeting rule. Third, intervening to fix the nominal exchange rate on some particular target or to correct a misalignment of the real exchange rate from its fundamentals serves as a good stabilizer of prices while intervening to smooth the nominal exchange rate movements increases the overall macroeconomic volatility at the ZLB. 1
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Fed's and ECB's monetary policy during the crisis - differences and their reasons
Žáček, Jan ; Holub, Tomáš (advisor) ; Franče, Václav (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyzes the approaches of the Federal Reserve System and the European Central Bank to monetary policy during the crisis. The main part of this thesis is devoted to unconventional monetary policy measures conducted during the crisis. We firstly introduce the respective measures, subsequently compare them and state reasons which caused different behaviour of the Federal Reserve System and the European Central Bank. This thesis states six main differences and their respective reasons. First, the fundamental difference is the perspective on unconventional monetary policy measures in terms of whether they were considered a substitute or complement to the existing policy instruments. The second significant difference can be found in the behaviour before the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Third, the timing of implementation of measures was also distinct. Fourth, the purchases of government bonds were common for the Federal Reserve System even before the crisis, while for the European Central Bank it was a novelty. The fifth difference is in the use of outright purchases versus collateralized lending. The last difference resides in the attitude toward main interest rates steering, in which the Federal Reserve System was more aggressive than the European Central Bank. Reasons which contributed to...
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Importance of sources of central bank liquidity during the financial crisis. The development of the lender of last resort function
Laga, Václav ; Brůna, Karel (advisor) ; Šíma, Ondřej (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to document the importance of liquidity resources of central banks during banking panics and financial crises and analysis of the development of LLR function. We examined three historical examples: the banking panic of 1866, the Great Depression and the current financial crisis, and we focused on the interaction between the demand for liquidity on the one hand and the supply of liquidity by central banks on the other. On the wide historical background we also analysed the changes in the function of LLR. We present that a restrictive monetary policy during financial market distortions may lead to further disturbances and cause serious recession. The analysis of the BoE during 1866 and of the FED between 2007 and 2009, on the contrary shows that the expansionary stance and considerably endogenous liquidity supply are able to reduce financial market's distortions and mitigate possible recession. Analysis of FED's reaction also indicated that should the LLR remain efficient, central banks must expand their instruments portfolio.
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Spillover of the ECB's Monetary Policy Outside the Euro Area: How Different is Conventional From Unconventional Policy?
Babecká Kucharčuková, Oxana ; Claeys, Peter ; Vašíček, Bořek
This paper studies the macroeconomic impact of ECB policy on the euro area and six non-EMU countries. The analysis is based on the evolution of a synthetic index of overall euro area monetary conditions (MCI) that can be decomposed into conventional and unconventional policy measures. A standard monetary VAR including the MCI subcomponents shows that the transmission of unconventional monetary policy in the euro area is quite different than under conventional policy: prices react quickly, but the response of output (industrial production) is muted. A block-restricted VAR analysis confirms that euro area monetary policy spills over to the macroeconomic developments of non-EMU countries. While conventional monetary policy has a generalised effect on economic activity, exchange rates and prices, unconventional measures have generated a variety of responses. Exchange rates respond rather quickly, but an effect on the real economy is found only for some countries, and inflation remains largely unaffected.
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