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Seasonal mortality
Hrušková, Eliška ; Kačerová, Eva (advisor) ; Brom, Ondřej (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the seasonality of mortality in the Czech Republic since the end of the 17th century to the present. In the theoretical part the used demographic terms and data sources are cleared up. The analytical part focuses on the development of mortality with a focus on seasonality. Emphasis is then placed on the period after 1989, and the differences in seasonal trends by cause of death. Further, the thesis is comparing the seasonality of mortality in the Czech Republic and Spain, where the two states were chosen for their different geographic location.
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The incidence, prevalence, letality and fatality from cancers in the Czech Republic
Křížová, Jana ; Mazouch, Petr (advisor) ; Malečková, Romana (referee)
In the past few decades, the Czech Republic took place significant changes in mortality rates. The objective of this study is to determine the development of cancer in the Czech Republic over the last forty years. Indicators of morbidity and mortality are being used. Emphasis is placed on the current development of all cancers in this country and further detail on those cancers that affect most of our population. In the very end, based on the results of the mortality tables, are analyzed the changes in life expectancy depending on the elimination of the deaths of some cancers. This model can use as an idea of how many years would, on average, our population lingered longer, if the cancer did not cause of death.
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Mortality by cause of death: international comparison of recent trends
Filip, Jakub ; Pechholdová, Markéta (advisor) ; Langhamrová, Jitka (referee)
The aim of my work is to describe and compare changes in mortality according to classes of causes of death in the Czech Republic and selected European countries between 1994 - 2009. The work includes mortality characteristics of the Czech Republic, Germany, Estonia, Austria and Finland. The work is divided into three main parts. The first part describes terms related to mortality. The second part deals with the coding of causes of death, its history and origin. The third part is devoted to comparing mortality by cause of death, where the emphasis is on diseases of the circulatory system, malignant neoplasms and external causes.
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Analysis of Mortality in Czech Republic During Past 90 Years
Říha, Jan ; Fiala, Tomáš (advisor) ; Arltová, Markéta (referee)
This Bachelor thesis is aimed on analysis of mortality in Czech Republic between years 1920 and 2009. Thesis is calculated mortality characteristics and done their comparison with some other countries. Thesis is divided into calculation of crude death rates, infant mortality rates, neonatal mortality rates, specific mortality rates in 5 years interval (divided into biological generations), complete life tables (life expectancy) and indirect standardization. Mostly rates are computed different for men and women.
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Are Recessions Good for Your Health?
Kopecká, Petra ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor) ; Rotschedl, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of macroeconomic conditions on mortality from different causes during the period 1991-2007 by the same way as Ruhm (2000) did his analysis for the period 1972-1991 and then compare the results of these two analysis. Using the model with fixed effects panel data from 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia was tested. Results of the analysis in this work were distorted due to autocorrelation, which could not be removed. It was therefore only possible to evaluate the results of the analysis of total mortality and mortality due to suicide and murder. Ruhm (2000) showed pro-cyclical nature of total mortality, as well as eight of the ten causes of death. In the analysis performed in this work pro-cyclicity was proved only in total mortality rate. Mortality due to suicide and murder proved to be countercyclical in the period 1991-2007.
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Effect of electrofishing on macrozoobenthos
PAVLÍČEK, Michal
Experiment has been addicted for observing effect of electrofishing on macrozoobenthos including mechanical stimulus (passing of trawling squad). Reaction on electrofishing and fading has been rebound by drift increment. Sample taking had been done by use of Surber and drift nets. Evaluation has been made both quantitative (standing crop in drift in particular methods), and qualitative (substitution of taxons in particular methods).
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Epidemiology of tuberculosis - reaction on vaccine BCG
FOŠUM, Pavel
Epidemiology of tuberculosis-reaction to BCG vaccine World Health Organization records nine million people worldwide who fall ill with tuberculosis and more than three million who die of this disease a year. Tuberculosis has been known for a long time and despite the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis etiological role by Robert Koch, the invention of RTG diagnostics by Roentgen and effective treatment using antibiotics by Waksman as the first, this disease still represents a considerable risk for society. Prevention using BCG vaccine has positive as well as negative aspects. This thesis is focused on describing newborn vaccination coverage, occurrence and duration of side and adverse effects after the application of BCG vaccine during the first days of life and on the influence on the following compulsory vaccination. We used the method of quantitative research in the form of epidemiology descriptive study using the technique of individual data collection and analysis. As a research area the group of children born in 2004, 2005, and 2006 was used. The group of 804 children (410 boys and 393 girls) was selected by the technique of random cluster sampling. We found out that out of 804 respondents 98.6 % were vaccinated with BCG vaccine. The group of 11 children was not vaccinated due to: HBsAg positivity of mother, low birth weight or health problems. Reaction after BCG vaccination was not healed until the next planed shot in 307 children (38.1 %). There were 4 people with no reaction at all to BCG (0.8%). The most frequent side (adverse) reaction after vaccination was scar unhealed at the time of next planed vaccination in 274 cases, (34.1%). Monoreactions accounted for more than a half of recorded reactions. Reaction time period was in the range from 11 to 300 days. Median of reaction time period was 30 days. We did not find any serious adverse reaction. Our research demonstrated, that frequency of side and adverse reactions after BCG vaccination is high (38.1 %). These are mainly benign side effects. We found that these reactions lead to postponing of the subsequent vaccination of the compulsory vaccination scheme in all who reacted to BCG vaccination. The occurrence of side reactions after BCG vaccine raises the question of appropriateness to carry out the BCG vaccination in first days of life. The results of this thesis can be used as a pilot study for the whole country study of mapping side and adverse reactions and further consideration of compulsory vaccination scheme.
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The Influence of Pesticides on the Infectivity of Entomopathogenic Nematodes
NERMUŤ, Jiří
It is known that entomopathogenic nematodes rarely live in fields where pesticides and fertilizers are used. Because they are organisms with a high potential for biological and integrated pest control the thesis tried to determine the influence of pesticides on the infectivity and mortality of selected nematodes: Steinernema feltiae, S. arenarium and S. kraussei in water solution of some pesticides. The results are that preparations Vydate (a. i. oxamyl) and Sulka (a. i. sulphur) have the highest negative influence on both characteristics. These pesticides cause a mortality of 94.3 - 99.9 % and reduce infectivity by about 50 {--} 75 % (level 3). The following preparations may be identified as having higher potential for infectivity reduction: above all, Starane 250 EC (fluroxypyr), Sumithion super (fenithrothion), and Novozir MN 80 (mancozeb); on the other hand, Treflan 48 EC (trifluralin) significantly increases mortality. Another important observation is a fact that infectivity is significantly influenced only by concentration of pesticides, not by exposure time. During an experiment with enhacement of resistance to oxamyl (Vydate) I falling mortality and increasing infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes were observed after five rounds.
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Effect of selected abiotic factors on wing polymorphism of semiaquatic bug Microvelia reticulata Burmeister, 1835.
ČERMÁKOVÁ, Táňa
Wing polymorphism of semiaquatic bugs is affected by environmental factors as temperature, photoperiod, population density or permanency of habitat. The heritability has its own specific part, too. A lot of field studies suggest that crucial effect on wing polymorphism has temperature, but laboratory experiments often do not confirm this hypothesis. The main aim of this thesis was to describe the effect of environmental factors (photoperiod, temperature and permanency of habitat) on wing polymorphism of Microvelia reticulata, additionally of Gerris lacustris. The partial tasks included description of effect of mentioned abiotic factors on mortality and rate of development. The individuals of both species were kept at combinations of two levels of temperature, photoperiod and permanency of habitat (overall at eight treatments) from first larval instar to adult. All adults of Microvelia reticulata emerged as apterous, so there was no response of wing polymorphism to tested environmental factors. The main influence of heritability is presumable. Only ten individuals of G. lacustris developed into the adult stage, so it was impossible to describe the influence of abiotic factors on wing polymorphism, mortality and lenght of development in this species. Mortality of individuals of M. reticulata was significantly influenced by the type of substrate. Only 3.5% of individuals survived when reared on wet filter paper, while 80.5% on the water surface. Both other factors (temperature, photoperiod) had no effect on total mortality. There was no difference between mortality of males and females, so it is impossible to note sexual dependent mortality. The lenght of development did not differ between sexes either. Lenght of development was significantly affected by temperature, as low temperature reduces development of M. reticulata. The fastest development showed nymphs of second instar and slowest development nymphs of fifth instar at all treatments. Since the effect of abiotic factors on wing polymorphism was not found in M. reticulata, it would be sufficient to study the effect of heritability on development of wings in this species in the future.
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