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Molluscs as a new model system in molecular biology
Ber, Tobiáš ; Svoboda, Petr (advisor) ; Pergner, Jiří (referee)
Molluscs form the second largest animal phylum and are of great biological and economic significance. Their distinct evolutionary adaptations enabled them to inhabit a broad range of environments, with many of them invading new areas and becoming invasive pest species. Despite their importance, molluscan model systems have not received attention they deserve. In this bachelor thesis, I have reviewed the current state of molluscan model systems in molecular biology and analyzed their significance for more common use. From available data, it is apparent that the already established molluscan models are either marine or fresh-water, and therefore require more complex logistics and maintenance in order to set up a laboratory culture. To remedy the problem of aquaculture, the use of terrestrial gastropods was proposed. Here, I suggest that gastropods genus Deroceras have a good potential to become a new prominent molluscan model system in molecular biology.
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Characterization of the porcine induced pluripotent stem cells
Svobodová, Eliška ; Vodička, Petr (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Tereza (referee)
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are the cells established by introducing several transcription factors into the somatic cells and culturing them in embryonal stem cell (ESCs) culture conditions. Factors used for the establishment of the first iPSCs are OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC. IPSCs created by these means resemble closely to the ESCs. IPS technology may be used to derive iPS cells of individual pacients and apply these cells for their treatment in the cases where the use of ESCs represents an ethical and imunological problem. Therefore, it is important to establish an appropriate animal model for the longtime safety testing of iPSCs before acceding to their medicinal aplication.
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Diversity, distribution, phylogeny and ecology of the genus Micrasterias (Desmidiales)
Trumhová, Kateřina ; Šťastný, Jan (advisor) ; Bestová, Helena (referee)
The genus Micrasterias comprises one of the most beautiful organisms. It attracts, due to its spectacularly shaped cells, the attention of scientist and amateur biologist almost for almost 200 years. This thesis summarizes the current knowledge about these extraordinary organisms. The first part deals with the morphology and the life cycle of these algae. They share a unique type of reproduction (conjugation) with the other representatives of the class Zygnematophyceae. The second part concerns phylogeny of this genus. Several morphologically distinct species have been revealed with the aid of molecular phylogenetic methods to belong to the genus Micrasterias. A polyphasic evaluation of three species complexes within this genus also revealed an extensive hidden diversity. The last chapters summarize the knowledge about the influence of hidden diversity and accelerated morphological evolution on our understanding of diversity and biogeography of these organisms.
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Gene expression differences during regeneration in model organisms
Netušil, Jiří ; Šindelka, Radek (advisor) ; Hason, Martina (referee)
With new progressive methods allowing us to study natural regeneration in model organisms, we have an opportunity to gain important insights into the very essence of this process. These insights might help us radically improve the current state of therapeutic approaches based on tissue replacement. Many different animal models display an incredible ability to restore various body parts, allowing them to escape predators and avoid premature death. While invertebrate models give us a chance to investigate the fundamental elements of regeneration, vertebrates represent systems often more resembling human biology. This thesis outlines the variability of regeneration in frequently studied model organisms with a special emphasis on the impact of gene expression. Keywords: regeneration, model organism, gene expression, injury
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Yeast as the model for for neurodegenerative diseases
Motyčková, Věra ; Schierová, Michaela (advisor) ; Zikánová, Blanka (referee)
Yeasts are traditional model organisms, which can be, surprisingly, used for studying neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson, Alzheimer and Huntington diseases. These diseases affect mostly elder population. It's because of decrease of cell control. Common denominator of these diseases are impaired vesicular transport, protein synthesis and degradation, increasing oxidative stress and ROS. The main cause of neurodegenerative diseases is protein misfolding, which provokes cytotoxic protein aggregation. Modified yeast strains can be used to identify genes and proteins that affect cytotoxicity of these key proteins. If these genes have human orthologues, they could be therapeutic targets. The aim of this work is to summarize methods that study causes of neurodegeneration in yeast and to describe the main results discovered in yeast models. Key words: yeast, model system, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease
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Diversity, distribution, phylogeny and ecology of the genus Micrasterias (Desmidiales)
Trumhová, Kateřina ; Šťastný, Jan (advisor) ; Bestová, Helena (referee)
The genus Micrasterias comprises one of the most beautiful organisms. It attracts, due to its spectacularly shaped cells, the attention of scientist and amateur biologist almost for almost 200 years. This thesis summarizes the current knowledge about these extraordinary organisms. The first part deals with the morphology and the life cycle of these algae. They share a unique type of reproduction (conjugation) with the other representatives of the class Zygnematophyceae. The second part concerns phylogeny of this genus. Several morphologically distinct species have been revealed with the aid of molecular phylogenetic methods to belong to the genus Micrasterias. A polyphasic evaluation of three species complexes within this genus also revealed an extensive hidden diversity. The last chapters summarize the knowledge about the influence of hidden diversity and accelerated morphological evolution on our understanding of diversity and biogeography of these organisms.
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Characterization of the porcine induced pluripotent stem cells
Svobodová, Eliška ; Vodička, Petr (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Tereza (referee)
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are the cells established by introducing several transcription factors into the somatic cells and culturing them in embryonal stem cell (ESCs) culture conditions. Factors used for the establishment of the first iPSCs are OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC. IPSCs created by these means resemble closely to the ESCs. IPS technology may be used to derive iPS cells of individual pacients and apply these cells for their treatment in the cases where the use of ESCs represents an ethical and imunological problem. Therefore, it is important to establish an appropriate animal model for the longtime safety testing of iPSCs before acceding to their medicinal aplication.
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Monitoring the impact of exposure to electromagnetic fields in yeast colonies
Hájková, Renata ; Vorlíček, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Cifra, Michal (referee)
Identifikační záznam: HÁJKOVÁ, Renata. Sledování vlivu expozice elektromagnetickým polem na kolonii kvasinek [Monitoring the impact of exposure to electromagnetic fields in yeast colonies]. Praha, 2011, rok vydání. 74s., 2. příl. Diplomová práce (Mgr.). Univerzita Karlova v Praze, 1. Lékařská fakulta, Fakulta elektrotechnická, Katedra elektromagnetického pole, ČVUT v Praze. Vedoucí závěrečné práce Vorlíček, Jaroslav, Ing. Abstract: Current development of mobile telecommunication device increases interest of public to the question of influence of electromagnetic field to the living organisms. Results of this work contribute to better knowledge of interaction between electromagnetic field and cell structures. Beginning of the thesis is review of morphology and physiology of the yeast cell that was used in this work as a tested organism. Second chapter describe the basic facts about electromagnetic fiend and wireless energy transfer. Goal of the practical part of this master thesis is describe influence of electromagnetic field on population of yeast during their proliferation. We constructed special box connected with wireless energy generator that was source of exactly defined electromagnetic field. Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were diluted in fluid medium YPD and the proliferation of the culture was...
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