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Digitálna dermatitída a jej dopad na produkčné a ekonomické ukazatele
Bončová, Barbora
Hoof health problems are a concern in all dairy farms worldwide, impacting the well-being of cows and productivity, which directly affects the farm’s economy. One of the most widespread diseases is digital dermatitis (DD). The subject of this work was to evaluate the incidence of digital dermatitis based on parity and lactation phase on dairy farm with approximately 700 Holstein cows. An experiment was conducted to determine the correlation between disease presence and milk yield. ANOVA with repeated measures was used as statistical analysis, with the dependant variable being average daily milk yield. Dairy cows were divided into four groups based on parity and lactation phase. Furthermore, the course of lactation was examined during the period of nine weeks with hooves treated in fifth week. The cost of digital dermatitis was calculated per sick cow and for the entire farm using multiple models for comparison. Results showed that primiparous cows had the highest incidence of the disease, and numbers decreased with increasing parity. The incidence of digital dermatitis was approximately 12% in the observed group. A statistical dependence was confirmed in only one group, specifically in dairy cows during the second and third lactation in the second phase. After treatment, a few weeks of reduced milk production were noted, while cows with DD had higher milk yield during the study period. This suggests that high-productive cows have a higher predisposition to DD. The calculated costs per cow ranged from 1,488.66 to 2,234.51 CZK across different models, with total costs for the company ranging from 113,784.67 to 193,545.32 CZK per year.
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Problematika mléčných farem v České republice
JANŮ, Tereza
This thesis deals with the issue of dairy farms in the Czech Republic. In the theoretical part the main dairy and mixed breeds of cattle bred in the Czech Republic are presented. It also shows the number of dairy cows over the years since 1995. Milk producer organisations operating in the Czech Republic are presented. The evolution of milk prices is also shown. The milking process and milk composition are presented. In the practical part a selected dairy farm is presented. Introduction to its history, management, feeding of dairy cows, housing of dairy cows. The development of fat, protein, total microorganism content and somatic cell count in milk for the year 2021 is shown. A SWOT analysis for the selected dairy farm was drawn up. The owner of the farm gave an interview on dairy management.
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Vliv kvality siláže na množství a složení mléka dojnic českého strakatého plemene skotu
Úradníčková, Hana
The diploma thesis is focused on analysing the impact of the quality of silage on the production and quality of milk of the Czech fleckvieh cattle. For this purpose, a herd of Czech fleckvieh cattle was observed in monthly intervals for the whole year 2016. I focused mainly on assessing the impact of the quality of silage and total mixed ration (TMR) on the components of milk and the milk production. At each observation, was carried out an assessment of the individual TMR fractions using a separator. The detection of cow comfort index (CCI) was followed by monitoring movements of chewing, chewing times and evaluation of condition of selected cows at the first lactation. The structure of the TMR during the year varied widely. The fraction of TMR on the first separator sieve ranged from 4.1% of TMR for cows at the peak of the lactation up to 91.41% of TMR for cows standing dry. The structure of the TMR for cows at the peak of lactation during the year was nearly optimal, since on the bottom of the separator there was only a minimal amount of TMR. The majority of the TMR remained in the second and third sieves. On the first sieve, there was found more than 10% TMR (except month of January - 4.55%), which corresponds to the general requirements of the structural fibre. According to the laboratory analyses the quality of the corn silage had not significantly changed. The dry matter was in the range from 31.78 to 37.91%, crude protein was from 8.3 to 11.04%, starch was from 28.78 to 41.55%, fibre was from 14 to 19.95%, pH from 3.70 to 3 81, NEL 6.60 to 6.81 MJ/kg and acidity of water extract from 1916 to 2211 mg KOH/100 g. CCI during the year ranged from 79.25 to 91.49%. Regarding chewing movements, the cow performed an average of 58 chewing movements in an average time of 58 seconds. Also, an evaluation was carried out of the body condition score of cows at their first lactation. The average value was 3.21 points, which is reported below the minimum threshold which a cow should achieve in this period (3.25 points). Due to the optimized feed rations, whose nutritional content was approaching the optimal values, the impact of variation of these values did not show up either on quantity or quality of milk, or dairy cow welfare parameters.
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Rozdíl v tržní produkci mezi dojeným a masným plemenem skotu
Pešová, Nikola
The thesis Difference between business production of dairy cattle and beef cattle breed is focused on quantification the differences between dairy and beef cattle breed. Main objects of observation were differences in the number of born and dead calves, the differences in negative selection of cows, average states of heifers during one year, average number of fattening bulls and young bulls destined to fattening , and also differences between revenues of milk and sold animals. This information was gathered on two farms with cattle production, one is dairy farm on South-Moravia region and another with beef cattle is in Moravian-Silesian region. All was observed in year 2016. The results of this thesis were that difference of all business production between dairy farm × beef cattle farm could be until 53 036,5 Kč/cow/year for dairy cow farm. Dairy cattle farm earned almost 30 799 824 Kč for year, with no subsidy. The 77,8 % of revenues was formed by milk and 22,2 % was formed by slaughter animals. The beef cattle farm earned 2 509 888 Kč for year 2016, with no subsidy. Difference between the number of born and dead calves was almost identical. Approximate natality in dairy farm was 91,2 %, in beef farm was 95,5 %. The number of dead calves was in both farms same, 10 %. About negative selection of cows, there was bigger selection in dairy farm (20.51 %), than on beef farm, where was lower selection (8,15 %). In average states of heifers in category from 6 months to 1 year the states were different in seasons, when in June and July there were no heifers in beef farm. The states in category of 1 year to 2 years were judged as a contradictory, because in months where on dairy farm states grew up, the states on beef farm falls. The category of heifers in 2 years and older was the most same and the lower state were in both on the beginning of the year and higher on the end of the year. About the fattening bulls, in both farms were different production (fattening × production of young bulls and heifers). The dairy farm has earned for fattening bulls all year long. The September was the month where the both farms sell the most animals. In this month the beef farm sold all young animals. The exception was two breed bulls sold in the half of the year.
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Analýza působení mikroklimatu ve stáji na produkci, reprodukci a chování dojnic holštýnského skotu ve vybraném chovu
Zavadilová, Kristýna
The aim of the diploma thesis was to elaborate a literary review on the topic: Analysis of microclimate effect in stable on production, reproduction and behaviour of the dairy cows of the Holstein cattle at the selected breeding. The practical part took part in ZD Hříšice, where in 2018 yearly measurements of temperatures and relative air humidity were performed using the Onset Hobo sensor. The AfiFarm system recorded daily milk yields from 355 Holstein dairy cows; performance control data were used as well. February was the coldest month with an average temperature of 5.42 °C. August was the warmest month with an average temperature 21.35 °C, simultaneously the lowest average relative humidity of 59.85 % was measured. In the production group of high-yielding dairy cows, which achieved an average milk yield of 35.6 kg, the average daily milk yield decreased by 3 kg in August. For a group of less production with an average daily production of 23 kg, production decreased by 2.3 kg. In August, the insemination index was 5.1 for cows and 2.4 for heifers. The results obtained from pedometers of dairy cows recorded the highest physical activity in July, it can therefore be assumed that they were lying less.
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Různé strategie terapie a prevence mastitid dojnic
Bednářová, Vladana
This theses verifies the efficiency of a preventive (antimastitis) plan for a specific farm and the efficiency of the therapeutic protocol used for dairy cows infected by Staphylococcus aureus during dry stand. The introduction of this theses sets of the overview of methods of prevention of the mastitis and its treatment including the influence at the mammary gland of high productivity dairy cows. In the practical part the comparison of milk samples from the year before the preventive plan came into an action and the year after the start of the preventive plan has been made. Further the efficiency of chosen therapy has been made. This theses compares milk components of individual dairy cows (fat, proteins, somatic cells count and lactose) during the period, when cows has been evidently infected by Staphylococcus aureus and during the period when there has been no evidence of Staphylococcus aureus pathogen. Using the mentioned comparison, there has been observed the affectability of milk components during the infection of mammary gland with Staphylococcus aureus. Then the milk components of treated cows has been compared to the milk components of healthy cows never infected by Staphylococcus aureus. This comparison has been made to decide if the yield of treated cows achieves the yield of healthy cows. Based on the evaluation of the examined data, the success rate of treatment was 88 %. The milk components affected by the pathogenic microorganism Staphylococcus aureus are mainly somatic cells and fat in milk. From pool samples and the comparison of meantioned milk performance indicators, it has been found that the preventive program has been successfully implemented and met expected results.
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Vyhodnocení úrovně reprodukce, odchovu a mléčné užitkovosti koz
Julina, Šimon
The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate the level of reproduction and kid rearing of the selected goat herd and to evaluate the milk production of the herd. The practical part of the thesis evaluates the results achieved on a selected family farm with goat breeding. In the period 2015-2017, the total dairy yield of the herd was recorded. In 2017, the level of reproduction and kid rearing was also monitored. The detected values are then compared to the average data achieved in performance testing in the given years and the results of foreign studies on a similar topic. Herd fertility was rather average and reached 136 %. The percentage of kids reared by 1 goat was 112 %. Dairy production per 1 goat for lactation was rather below average, it was 437 kg in 2015, 414,4 kg in 2016, and 347,2 kg in 2017. The percentage of fat, protein and lactose content was comparable to performance testing values. In the end of the thesis several modifications are suggested to improve the organisation of goat breeding on the farm.
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Analýza úrovně výživy a vybraných ukazatelů produkce mléka
PLACKOVÁ, Lenka
The subject of my thesis was an analysis that deals with the level of nutrition of holstein cattle, witch evaluates feeding, drinking, silage quality techniques and optimalization of the feed ration in 2017 and 2018. In 2017 the feed ration used for dairy cows contained more PDIE. In 2018 the feed ration contained lower amount of energy (6MJ NEL/ 1kg of dry matter) and NL (138,6 g NL/kg of dry matter). After comparing of these two diets for dairy cows with nutrient need, there was recommended an increase of dry matter content in feeding ration. In the milk productivity assessement, the fat and protein content, SC, total aerobic microbial count, was reviewed. The statistic shows the impact of the season of the year on the fat and protein content, SC, total aerobic microbial count in milk. From ecomomy point of view, costs per litre of selled milk was 7,69 Kč in 2017, which was lowered to 7,28 CZK per litre of selled milk. Both years was profitable, and in comparing the economy from 2017 with Czech republic average, tracked stable was more profitable 3 662 CZK per dairy cow.
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Cattle Domestication and pastoralism in the African Sahel
Salajková, Veronika ; Černý, Viktor (advisor) ; Kyselý, René (referee)
Breeding of domesticated animals was one of the most important events which led to a significant progress in the history of mankind. Domestication appeared in several places simultaneously and inhabitants of these areas gained a considerable advantage in comparison with their hunters- gatherers ancestors. Fertile Crescent in the Near East, where many useful animals were domesticated, cattle included, was most important of them. In sub-Saharan territory gradual introduction of pastoral farming was limited for example by incidence of serious diseases in certain areas. In addition, Sahara, which in the past used to be a very favourable pastoral territory, in the progress of time started to change into despairing desert and the onset of devastating drought forced local inhabitants to move to the area of Sahel and to engage with cattle breeding. Due to the reduction of other natural sources local inhabitants had to draw attention to milk production which became an important source of food. Some of them have not left this life strategy up to the present time.
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Zásady chovu koz zaměřených na produkci mléka
Julina, Šimon
The bachelor thesis describes basic principles of dairy goat breeding. With the help of professional literary sources, the paper tries to emphasize some important aspects of goat breeding and explain their purpose. The introductory part of the thesis provides the history of goat breeding and current numbers of particular breeds. The paper also deals with production of goat milk, its composition and general importance in human nutrition. It highlights the differences between goat and cow milk, and gives an overview and characteristics of Czech and worlds goat breeds which are kept for milk production. Further in the thesis there are listed various technological systems used in goat breeding. The paper also addresses issues concerning goat reproduction and herd development, and describes principles of herd management and goat nutrition. The final part of the paper outlines an experiment the author of the thesis wants to deal with in the diploma thesis.
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