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Dostupnost chladnokrevných hřebců pro zapouštění klisen v přirozené plemenitbě
BALOUŠKOVÁ, Lidmila
The diploma thesis deals with the availability of cold blood stallions for mating with mares in natural breeding. There are currently three breeds of cold blood horses in the Czech Republic. It is a Noriker horse, a Silesian horse and a Czech-Moravian Belgian horse. In 2020, the total number of horses in the Czech Republic was 92 172, of which 1 352 were Noric horse, 1 365 Silesian horse and 1 971 Czech-Moravian Belgian horse. A total of 132 cold blooded stallions and 532 cold blooded mares were included in the monitoring, which were reproductive active between 2017-2019. In stallions, the age structure, the development of basic body dimensions, the proportion of original genes, the level of performance achieved and the location of the stallion, i.e., the breeding station were monitored. In the case of cold blood mares, the location of the mare was monitored, which was important for determining the distance to the selected stallion. Finally, an economic evaluation was performed
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Laboratorní test disasortativního párování u hraboše polního - literární rešerše
BÍLKOVÁ, Pavlína
Petrásková P. (2019): Laboratorní test disasortativního párování u hraboše polního - literární rešerše [Laboratory test of disassortative pairing in the common vole - literature search. Bc. Thesis in Czech]-49 pp. , Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. The aim of this work is to use the literature research to map current knowledge about the effect of odour preference on reproductive success in mammals focusing on voles. As assortative pairing is referred to each form of non-random pairing. Most of the time is meant a situation in which individuals who have similar phenotypes pair more often. The opposite is the situation where individuals with different phenotypes pair more often. This is sometimes referred to as negative assortative or disassortative pairing. In particular, this study deals with non-random pairing among to body odour . These are mainly linked to genes for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in animals, which play a key role in the immune system. MHC gene products found in various body secretions form the specific odour of each individual. In the research part were searched question for following questions: How is the breeding partner chosen? Is Assortative or Disassortative Pairing More Frequent? What information does body odour convey? What channels is the odour information transmitted and received? How is odour preference testing solved in laboratory conditions? In the practical part, a plan of the experiment is presented in which T-labyrinth will play the main role in determining the odour preference. Under laboratory conditions, voles will have plenty of time to complete the process
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The role of male external glands in sexual behaviour of insect
Dvořák, Tomáš ; Kotyková Varadínová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Hanus, Robert (referee)
The body of some insect's males is covered by glands, which females are interested in during or after courtship and copulation. Female can palpate this glands or feed on their secretion. My bachelor thesis describes these glands in five orders of insect, where they are known: Zygentoma, Zoraptera, Coleoptera and especially Orthoptera and Blattodea. In the introduction i describe briefly their histology, morphology and ontogeny. But the main part of the work deal with their ethological and ecological function. This glands have four main functions. They can serve to maneuver female into proper position and allow the male to clasp her genitalia. Another function is prolonging of copulation, which enable the male to transfer more sperm. Glands can also provide nutritious secret, through it the male directly affects the female fitness. The last function is simple signal of male quality, which through the production of secret demonstrates his good condition. The role of the glands is often uncertain and their functions are often overlaping.
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The role of male external glands in sexual behaviour of insect
Dvořák, Tomáš ; Kotyková Varadínová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Hanus, Robert (referee)
The body of some insect's males is covered by glands, which females are interested in during or after courtship and copulation. Female can palpate this glands or feed on their secretion. My bachelor thesis describes these glands in five orders of insect, where they are known: Zygentoma, Zoraptera, Coleoptera and especially Orthoptera and Blattodea. In the introduction i describe briefly their histology, morphology and ontogeny. But the main part of the work deal with their ethological and ecological function. This glands have four main functions. They can serve to maneuver female into proper position and allow the male to clasp her genitalia. Another function is prolonging of copulation, which enable the male to transfer more sperm. Glands can also provide nutritious secret, through it the male directly affects the female fitness. The last function is simple signal of male quality, which through the production of secret demonstrates his good condition. The role of the glands is often uncertain and their functions are often overlaping.
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Behaviour and acoustic communication in Egyptian fruit bat
Vašíčková, Pavla ; Jahelková, Helena (advisor) ; Karadžos, Alexis (referee)
Egyptian fruit bats were observed in Prague Zoo, where stable conditions are provided (year-round food supply, stable temperature and roosts). The colony has bimodal breeding cycle. Births are synchronized and occur on the turn of April and May and in September. The mating occurs throughout the year but there is an increase during lactation and in the period outside parturitions. There is no obvious pattern in cluster dynamics. Bats roost in four clusters (left, middle, upper right and lower right). The presence of clusters throughout the year is stable except upper right cluster. There are changes in the number of clusters and in the number of individuals inside each cluster. Fruit bats occupy approximately the same spots in clusters, however young individuals show the highest variability. An autogrooming is balanced throughout the year, there is no regular pattern in the observation period and even no increase after artificial twilight. From these activities a licking of wing membranes and fur are the most often. The mother cares for her young especially during lactation and weaning, while the care decreases with a development of the young. This is especially true for the licking of the wing membranes. An allogrooming is the most common between male and female during lactation and in the period...
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Study of the reproductive biology of the crayfish - mating, laying eggs and morphological structure of the male and female gametes
KUBEC, Jan
In the nature, crayfish are represented like predators or a part of food base of some fish. Also in free waters they acts as detrivors and are an important element in the nutrient and energy circle in aquatic ecosystem. The crayfish weren't able to avoid negative impacts of anthropogenic activities such as water pollution and devastation of habitats. For these reasons reproduction of the crayfish is necessary in hatcheries and farms. The main aim of my work was to study the reproductive biology of the crayfish focused on the process of mating, the interval between mating and laying eggs, fertilization and morphological structure of the male and female gametes. Among the secondary objectives there was included using of repeated electrostimulation of the crayfish and the possibility of hybrids of the noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) and the narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus). The observation of the period of reproduction was realized on representativies of the noble crayfish and the narrow-clawed crayfish throughout natural mating in the tanks. The structure of gametes was observed on the samples taken from thenoble crayfish (Astacus astacus), the narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus), the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus), the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and spinycheek crayfish (Orconectes limosus). The experiments were carried out during the autumn season in 2012 and 2013. The results of observations of the reproduction of crayfish made us clear as for the period and intervals for all phases of the process of mating crayfish. For females the noble crayfish and the narrow-clawed crayfish was found oviposition without the presence of males. Their individual components have been described by using ultrastructure of males and female gametes. Repeated electrostimulation showed at the family Astacidae as a suitable tool for collecting large mass of sperm material. Hybridization experiment proved that it can occur to mate the two species of crayfish in areas where they occur simultaneously. These experiments helped to further knowledge of reproductive biology of crayfish.
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Factors regulating the expression and activity of digestive enzymes in the tick \kur{Ixodes ricinus}
KONVIČKOVÁ, Jitka
The intracellular proteolysis of ingested meal plays an essential role in tick development. The thesis focuses on the factors influencing the expressions and activities of digestive enzymes in Ixodes ricinus females during the feeding and post-feeding period. We have revealed the effect of fertilization on blood feeding and digestion. The females cannot reach the rapid engorgement phase without being fertilized. The rate of mated females in the nature proved the presumption that mating can occur even off the host. Implementation of in vitro feeding technique further extended our current knowledge about tick digestive apparatus. Adult females were fed on hemoglobin-rich and hemoglobin-poor diet and the mRNA expression levels of digestive proteases were determined. In line with obtained data, we assumed that albuminolysis is conducted by the same or similar pathway as hemoglobinolysis. The gene silencing method and protein immuno-detection were used to unequivocally identify the isoforms of 'early expressed' IrCL1 and 'late expressed' IrCL3 isoform of cathepsin L.
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Physiological mechanisms of aging in maless of model insect species
PROVAZNÍK, Jan
Trade-off between reproduction and longevity is a widely accepted fact, yet proximate mechanisms are scarcely understood. In this work I tested differences in lifespan between diapause and non-diapause males of a model insect, the linden bug Pyrrhocoris apterus. Also the role of juvenile hormone in regulation of longevity and immunity (measured by relative phenoloxidase activity) was assessed. In addition to that, I examined if juvenile hormone is the mediator of reduction in longevity induced by mating.
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