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Influence of matrix type on the authentication of foodstuffs containing fruits
Kopková, Pavlína ; Strečanská, Paulína (referee) ; Fialová, Lenka (advisor)
Certain types of food, mainly the more expensive ones, are often adulterated to reduce their manufacturing price. However, this reduces their quality and can also have a negative impact on the health of the consumer. Children's fruit products are also targeted by fraudulent producers, where the declared fruit is most often replaced by a cheaper version. This work focuses on the detection of adulterated foods using various analytical methods, in particular PCR. The theoretical part focuses on the issue of food adulteration, the analytical methods used for detecting adulteration, and also on mango and banana which are determined in this work. The aim of this thesis was to determine what effect the type of matrix has on the determination of fruit components in food by PCR. Three types of matrix were used for this purpose - fruit puree, smoothie, and bars. An important task was to optimize the DNA isolation to achieve adequate purity and concentration of DNA. Then, the amplifiability of the obtained DNA was verified. The DNA isolates were then analyzed by multiplex PCR with primers specific for mango and banana. The results were verified by agarose gel electrophoresis. Subsequently, it was possible to determine that the fruit component in bars and fresh smoothies was the most easily analyzed by PCR and, on the contrary, the determination was problematic for puree. The instrumental part was focused on the determination of phenolic compounds in the products by HPLC. For this purpose, optimization of the extraction of phenolic compounds was necessary. This method was able to detect the presence of mangoes in all samples.
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Development and optimization of methods for detection of selected fruit species in foodstuffs
Šlosárová, Katarína ; Wikarská, Monika (referee) ; Fialová, Lenka (advisor)
Various types of adulteration of food products are becoming more frequent in the food industry than ever. That is no different for fruit products. This bachelor thesis deals with the detection of mango in fruit purées for infants through the use of qPCR and HPLC in three selected commercial products and their prepared replicas. Within the framework of molecular biology, different primers specific for mango were tested. Several primers, which were the most suitable for the demonstration of mango in fruit purées, were selected based on the course of the qPCR reaction, the size of the amplified product, specificity, and sensitivity. Using these primers, the presence of mango was proven in all six analysed samples. Regarding the instrumental part of the work, a rapid and simple method of extraction of phenolic compounds for their analysis by HPLC was tested, which has been previously successfully used on another plant matrix. This method was proved to be unsuitable for the extraction of phenolic compounds from fruit purées for the purpose of their authenticity verification using HPLC [1].
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The influence of polysaccharide contamination on molecular-biology analysis
Žylková, Kateřina ; Strečanská, Paulína (referee) ; Fialová, Lenka (advisor)
The presence of polysaccharides in DNA isolation and its subsequent analysis often leads to undesirable effects. Polysaccharides together with other metabolites (phenolics, proteins) can act as inhibitors of PCR. In this work, the effect of polysaccharide contamination on the analyzed DNA was investigated. In the experimental part, DNA samples were isolated from two exotic fruits (mango, banana), from which the concentration of polysaccharides was then determined. The analysis showed that by adding CaCl2, the polysaccharide content of the samples was significantly lower. After checking the amplification of the DNA samples with added CaCl2, it was found that CaCl2 itself inhibited PCR and therefore had to be removed from the samples. After purification, the amplification of the DNA was reverified and it was found that the DNA with CaCl2 after purification gave the best results. These results were further verified by agarose gel electrophoresis, which confirmed that a reduction in the polysaccharide content of the samples helped DNA amplification. It was also observed that it depends on the type of polysaccharides present in the source plant material. Banana DNA showed better amplification results than mango DNA. This is due to the different chemical composition of these fruits. Banana, unlike mango, does not contain polysaccharides that would significantly contaminate the isolated DNA.
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Zhodnocení možností zpracování přebytků manga na malých farmách v Ghaně
Ohnheiser, Michal
Ohnheiser, Michal. Evaluation of the possibilities of processing mango surpluses on small farms in Ghana. Bachelor thesis. Brno: Mendel University, 2021. The presented bachelor thesis deals with the issue of mango wasting on a specific farm in the Greater Accra Region in a developing country, Ghana. In the theoretical part of the final thesis, the author defines the basic topics closely related to the issue. The reader is acquainted with the agricultural sector and its basic functions, agricultural markets, added value by agricultural crops and a description of the agricultural commodity mango. The practical part contains the basic economic, demographic and climatic characteristics of the Republic of Ghana. Central to this part is the draft business plan, which presents the possibilities of processing unused mango surpluses in the form of mango jam production and possible socio-economic impacts in the area of the production.
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The impact of value addition to fresh mangoes on the Socio-economic development of small scale mango farmers in Ghana
Jašková, Ivana
This diploma thesis aims to analyse the possibilities of processing the mangoes that farmers in Ghana regularly discard. Furthermore, it demonstrates, that by adding a value to the mango processing industry, the income of a farmer in Ghana could be considerably increased, leading to higher standard of living. The practical part of the thesis is based on literature research and introduces a business plan for the mango jam production in the Eastern Region, using simple and technologically undemanding processes. The study also provides economic calculations and overall project assessment. The estimated socioeconomic impacts of processing the mango surplus on the farmer can be found at the end of the thesis.
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Sociálně ekologické aspekty dovozu manga do České republiky
Havlíková, Denisa
This Bachelor´s thesis characterizes the family Anacardiaceae and genus Mangifera. Next parts are focused on the most common cultivars and ways of their use. Concretely it is focus on Mangifera indica. There are described required nature conditions for planting, the most common diseases and pests of mango trees and its fruit. Next chapter is about world production of mango, the biggest world importers and exporters. There is also described the mango trees growing in country with the highest export to the Czech republic and further chapter contains information about mango import to the Czech republic. In the last part of this work is characterized impact of mango planting on nature and local population. This is followed by description of Fairtrade certification of mango.
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Influence of matrix type on the authentication of foodstuffs containing fruits
Kopková, Pavlína ; Strečanská, Paulína (referee) ; Fialová, Lenka (advisor)
Certain types of food, mainly the more expensive ones, are often adulterated to reduce their manufacturing price. However, this reduces their quality and can also have a negative impact on the health of the consumer. Children's fruit products are also targeted by fraudulent producers, where the declared fruit is most often replaced by a cheaper version. This work focuses on the detection of adulterated foods using various analytical methods, in particular PCR. The theoretical part focuses on the issue of food adulteration, the analytical methods used for detecting adulteration, and also on mango and banana which are determined in this work. The aim of this thesis was to determine what effect the type of matrix has on the determination of fruit components in food by PCR. Three types of matrix were used for this purpose - fruit puree, smoothie, and bars. An important task was to optimize the DNA isolation to achieve adequate purity and concentration of DNA. Then, the amplifiability of the obtained DNA was verified. The DNA isolates were then analyzed by multiplex PCR with primers specific for mango and banana. The results were verified by agarose gel electrophoresis. Subsequently, it was possible to determine that the fruit component in bars and fresh smoothies was the most easily analyzed by PCR and, on the contrary, the determination was problematic for puree. The instrumental part was focused on the determination of phenolic compounds in the products by HPLC. For this purpose, optimization of the extraction of phenolic compounds was necessary. This method was able to detect the presence of mangoes in all samples.
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Development and optimization of methods for detection of selected fruit species in foodstuffs
Šlosárová, Katarína ; Wikarská, Monika (referee) ; Fialová, Lenka (advisor)
Various types of adulteration of food products are becoming more frequent in the food industry than ever. That is no different for fruit products. This bachelor thesis deals with the detection of mango in fruit purées for infants through the use of qPCR and HPLC in three selected commercial products and their prepared replicas. Within the framework of molecular biology, different primers specific for mango were tested. Several primers, which were the most suitable for the demonstration of mango in fruit purées, were selected based on the course of the qPCR reaction, the size of the amplified product, specificity, and sensitivity. Using these primers, the presence of mango was proven in all six analysed samples. Regarding the instrumental part of the work, a rapid and simple method of extraction of phenolic compounds for their analysis by HPLC was tested, which has been previously successfully used on another plant matrix. This method was proved to be unsuitable for the extraction of phenolic compounds from fruit purées for the purpose of their authenticity verification using HPLC [1].
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Roubování mangovníku indického v jižní Etiopii
Kalinová, Nela
This thesis focuses on the grafting of mango (Mangifera indica) at the Chano Mile training center, located near town Arba Minch in southern Ethiopia. An experiment was conducted in this area concerning the grafting of different mango varieties. The work done and this thesis deals with the comparison method of grafting splice graft often used in the Czech republic and method of grafting cleft graft used in Ethiopia and subsequently evaluate the success of these methods. It also deals with the success of grafting individual mango varieties. The essence of this research is to propose improvement of procedures and methods of grafting used in South Ethiopia. The research conducted revealed significant differences between the different grafting methods.
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Inventarizace a návrh managementu mangové plantáže na ostrově Guimaras, Filipíny
Hrbek, Šimon
The thesis’ objective was to process inventory of a mango plantation owned by the Brázdil family in Guimaras Island of the Philippines, to calculate a supposed volume of production and earning based on the measured data and to propose a management plan. The data was collected in the Philippines during October 2016 when GPS positions of individual trees were taken as well as their heights, perimeters and height of tree crowns’ deployment. For the calculation of supposed yield production, trees were divided into three reference groups based on the estimation of their yield. The result fulfils the thesis’ objective. In other words, inventory was processed and a map attachment is enclosed to the thesis together with the data measured. The volume of production was computed as well as the estimated earning and the proposed management plan is discussed in the end.
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