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The relationships between diversity patterns and community abundance
Dlouhá, Hana ; Storch, David (advisor) ; Keil, Petr (referee)
Increase in the number of species with area is one of the most studied ecological patterns. There is a considerable amount of literature devoted to this question. The rate of increase in the species diversity with area isn't equal at all the spatial scales, as shown by empirical studies. On the finest and coarsest scales, there is distinctively higher rate of increase than on the middle (regional) scales. These distinctions were attributed to many characteristics of environment, taxon etc. There is a possibility to explain the variability of this particular rate by mean species abundance. This work focuses on summarizing the relationships between the rate of increase in biodiversity with area, factors that influence it and mean species abundance.
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Macroecological analysis of economy
Krupička, Jan ; Storch, David (advisor) ; Petrusek, Adam (referee) ; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (referee)
Abstract: Brown et al. (2011) proposed a fundamental similarity between organisms and the economies of nationstates based on the distribution networks necessary for the functioning of the metabolism / economics and limitations arising from them according to the Metabolic theory of ecology. This work is primarily intended to investigate whether these limitations figure even within individual sectors of the economy and their relation to some other macroeconomic and demographic indicators. Key words: ecology, macroecology, metabolic theory of ecology, economy, energy
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Why are geographic ranges of species mostly small? Causes of range size variation
Kalendová, Pavlína ; Storch, David (advisor) ; Hořák, David (referee)
Species range size is collection of all regions which the specie occupies. Every specie has different range size, the most widespread are marine species. Range size distribution is log-normal, which means that the most of species have narrow ranges, some are widespread, and a few have extremely small ranges. This distribution can be a result of speciation and extinction. Speciation adds new species, which inhabits a part of original range. It causes a reduction of original range. Old species, which are getting closer to their extinction, are also declining their range together with abundance. One of the interesting theories is the stochastic theory, it is based on stochastic differential equation. This equation describes a changes of range size towards its equilibrium, which is the value when the range size is in steady state. The next factor is abundance. It is known that species with more individuals occupy larger ranges. Abundance distribution is also log-normal. In this thesis, I would try to summarize theories which explains why the most of species have small range sizes and how range vary among similar species.
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Spatial Variability in Pollination Networks
Hadrava, Jiří ; Janšta, Petr (advisor) ; Keil, Petr (referee)
Plant-pollinator interaction assembly can be represented as so called pollination network. Using these networks, assembly of plant-pollinator communities and geographic patterns in pollination networks can be studied. During last years, a great progress in describing patterns in structure of plant-pollinator interaction webs and in describing their spatial variability was made. However, these results are mostly based on data from previous studies, which are not seamlessly comparable due to their nonuniformity. My thesis aims at the methodological concepts of study on pollination networks. Based on meta- analysis of previously published data and on data from four years detailed study of plant-pollination system from one locality, I show several methodological problems caused by dissimilarities in sam- pling method of current pollination-network data. These dissimilarities could be responsible for some observed patterns in the assembly of pollination networks. Thus, I propose a uniform method for observing pollination networks suitable for macroecolo- gical meta-analyses (pollination network samples). I tested this method in the field and I described 49 pollination networks from the central and eastern Europe by using such method. In these ne- tworks, no nonrandom structure character such as...
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Macroecological analysis of economy
Krupička, Jan ; Storch, David (advisor) ; Petrusek, Adam (referee) ; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (referee)
Abstract: Brown et al. (2011) proposed a fundamental similarity between organisms and the economies of nationstates based on the distribution networks necessary for the functioning of the metabolism / economics and limitations arising from them according to the Metabolic theory of ecology. This work is primarily intended to investigate whether these limitations figure even within individual sectors of the economy and their relation to some other macroeconomic and demographic indicators. Key words: ecology, macroecology, metabolic theory of ecology, economy, energy
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Macroecological analysis of economy
Krupička, Jan ; Storch, David (advisor) ; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (referee)
Abstrakt: Brown et al. (2011) navrhli fundamentální podobnost mezi organismy a ekonomikami národních států založenou na rozvodných sítích nutných k fungování metabolismu/ekonomiky a omezeních z nich vyplývajících podle Metabolické teorie ekologie. Tato práce má primárně za účel prozkoumat zda tyto omezení figurují i v rámci jednotlivých sektorů ekonomiky a jejich vztahu k některým dalším makroekonomickým a demografickým ukazatelům. Klíčová slova: ekologie, makroekologie, metabolická teorie ekologie, ekonomie, energie
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Geographical variation in functional traits of European birds
Kopsová, Lenka ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Remeš, Vladimír (referee)
Each species has specific adaptations to its environment, and since environmental parameters reveal geographic trends, it is reasonable to expect the existence of geographic trends in species characteristics as well. The aim of this study has been to evaluate the effect of environmental conditions on geographic variability of functional traits of European birds. I have analysed the effect of temperature, precipitation, productivity, altitude and habitat type (forest, open habitats, bush, settlements, wetlands) on clutch size, number of clutches per breeding season, egg size, incubation length, age of maturity, body mass, wing, tail, bill and tarsus length. I have used data from the European breeding bird atlas, so that I have calculated mean values of all the traits for quadrats 50x50 km, and then related them to environmental characteristics using OLS and GLS. Clutch size increases with temperature, whereas the number of clutches decreases with it, indicating possible trade-off between clutch size and the number of clutches, whose result is determined by the length of breeding season. Egg size decreases with temperature, possibly due to higher survival of large eggs (and consequently juveniles) in cold regions. Incubation length increases with both temperature and environmental productivity,...
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The relationships between diversity patterns and community abundance
Dlouhá, Hana ; Storch, David (advisor) ; Keil, Petr (referee)
Increase in the number of species with area is one of the most studied ecological patterns. There is a considerable amount of literature devoted to this question. The rate of increase in the species diversity with area isn't equal at all the spatial scales, as shown by empirical studies. On the finest and coarsest scales, there is distinctively higher rate of increase than on the middle (regional) scales. These distinctions were attributed to many characteristics of environment, taxon etc. There is a possibility to explain the variability of this particular rate by mean species abundance. This work focuses on summarizing the relationships between the rate of increase in biodiversity with area, factors that influence it and mean species abundance.
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