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Personal pension tax exemption as a factor which influences taxation rate in selected European countries
Křížová, Lucie ; Vančurová, Alena (advisor) ; Kábelová, Lucie (referee)
This thesis deals with the effects of personal pension tax exemption on the tax rate in selected European countries, namely in the Czech Republic, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The main goal is to quantify the effect of exempt incomes on tax rate. To fulfil the stated goal, firstly important terms related to this issue, such as tax expenditures, are defined. Then methods of their measurement are described. The following chapter addresses the structure of personal pension taxation. The third chapter analyses exempt incomes in the selected states, and with regards to the Czech Republic quantifies tax expenditures related to incomes of a social nature. The last chapter contains a comparative analysis of tax-exempt social incomes in the selected countries, and analyses their effect on tax rate as related to various household types with various levels of income.
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Impact of taxation rate on labor productivity across OECD countries
Šmejkal, Martin ; Komrska, Martin (advisor) ; Špecián, Petr (referee)
There are many recent studies which try to explain amount of people's effort on labor market by various determinants. I focus on two sides of labor supply: quantity and quality. Quantity is defined as average hours worked per employed person a year, quality is then GDP per hour worked. The main objective of this paper is to empirically investigate the relationship between labor supply and personal income tax rate. My primary hypothesis assumes that higher tax rate leads to lower labor supply (in both dimensions -- quantitative and qualitative). Panel regression has been employed, using data for 20 to 26 OECD countries in period 2001-2010. Final models have been estimated by first differences method, which has been evaluated as the most suitable. Tax rate was qualified as significant determinant only in model of labor quality. But only with important assumption that tax rate includes social insurance contributions.
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Business Management and Taxes
Pelíšková, Marie ; Dvořák, Jiří (advisor) ; Kozlová, Taťána (referee)
This thesis aims to compare taxation levels and tax liability of limited companies and natural persons in the area of income tax, including health and social insurance (for natural persons). Division of tax base to intervals by taxation level. Impact of changes in income taxation for natural persons and limited companies. Influence on management decision making.
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Reconversion of the U.S. economy after the World War 2
Švec, Petr ; Tajovský, Ladislav (advisor) ; Krček, Matěj (referee)
The main idea of this bachelor thesis is to describe and evaluate policies of the U.S. administration that has influenced both economic and social development of the United States of America in 1940s. Description and analysis of economic development in that time period and identification of its causes are included as well. Regarding that this thesis also tries to bring a different point of view to the discussion of when did the U.S. reconversion start and when did it end. From the analytics point of view a special attention has been given to the changes of certain aspects of the U.S. economy in the 1940s. The main ones include the structure of demand (private vs. public), structure of total investment demand (private vs. public), structure of total public demand (military vs. non-military expenses), national debt growth, inflation processes from 1946 to 1948, tax rate and others. Possible causes of so called "ratchet effect", both those tax and institutional ones are also being investigated in this bachelor thesis.
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Comparison of profit taxation by legal form of business
Homolková, Lenka ; Vančurová, Alena (advisor) ; Finardi, Savina (referee)
This diploma Thesis was focused on comparison of profit taxation by legal form of business. Two legal forms were chosen - sole trader and limited company. The main objective was to compare the effective rate of taxation of defined incomes in the period 2003 to 2009. The maximum amount of income produced was set to 5 million CZK. A secondary goal of this work was to describe and analyze which types of income can one reach through doing business via Ltd. In the final analysis, when compared with the sole trader have been used only the most common types of income.
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The Laffer Curve and Its Verification
Zadražilová, Jana ; Klazar, Stanislav (advisor) ; Weberová, Jana (referee)
The thesis deals with a conception of the Laffer curve. It shows up economic chain of events of the Laffer curve origin. The conception is upgraqded by administrative costs of tax collection, thesis put into the connection tax rate and tax efficiency through this way. Further, there is checked by statistical software relation between tax yield and tax rate. There is also made quantification of administrative costs of the tax collection.
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Model zavedení rovné daně z příjmů v České republice
Fiedlerová, Petra ; Vančurová, Alena (advisor) ; Láchová, Lenka (referee)
Práce je zaměřena na aplikaci rovné daně podle příkladu Slovenska a podle původního vládního návrhu zákona o stabilizaci veřejných rozpočtů na náš daňový systém a z toho zejména dopady plynoucí na poplatníky ? zaměstnance. Teoretická část práce popisuje podstatu rovné daně a dává jí do souvislosti s daňovými zásadami. Praktická část práce analyzuje vliv zavedení rovné daně na míru zdanění, na průměrnou daňovou sazbu a čistý měsíční příjem u poplatníků s příjmy ze závislé činnosti a na progresivitu daně z příjmů ze závislé činnosti. Analýza potvrzuje, že každý poplatník s každou výší příjmů by na tom po zavedení rovné daně byl lépe nebo alespoň stejně než v současném systému. Lépe v tom smyslu, že daňová zátěž by byla nižší a čistý měsíční příjem by byl vyšší. Porovnáním progresivity bylo zjištěno, že po zdanění rovnou daní dochází ve společnosti k rovnoměrnějšímu rozdělení důchodů.
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