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Transport of humic substances into leafs
Žáková, Michaela ; Kalina, Michal (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis simulates leaf foliar fertilization and describes transport processes of humic substances. Experiments were performed for two areas. The first focused on the flow through the plant cuticle as the main selective barrier. In the second one the transport of humic substances to the leaf was studied. The diffusion process was evaluated by the concentration loss of lignohumate solutions, which served as the medium of humic substances in the solution - leaf model. The results showed the effect of cuticle on nutrient penetration and its dependence on its condition. New findings are the transfer processes of humic substances into the leaves, that have proved effective in a short period of time, mainly at higher concentrations.
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Memories
Conde, Tamara ; Schubert,, Theres (referee) ; Malý, Břetislav (advisor)
In this work I reflect on the obsessive compulsive tendency of materializing fleeting thoughts and moments. I use leaves and their placement and detachment from landscapes as a metaphor to memories, through an installation with video.
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Evaluation of a micromethod for isolation of DNA from plant leaf, fruit and fruit products
Balažovičová, Nikola ; Rittich, Bohuslav (referee) ; Kovařík, Aleš (advisor)
The thesis has been focused on testing of micromethod of DNA isolation from leaves, fruits and fruit products. Jams were selected for the analysis of plant DNA in technologically processed foods. Plant leaves, fruits, and jams were homogenized using plastic copist in a lysis buffer containing 2% cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with 2.5M sodium chloride (NaCl). Microisolation of plant DNA was performed using poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate-co-glycidylmethacrylate) – P(HEMA-co-GMA)microparticles. Isolated the DNA concentration and purity were assessed by UV light aborbance using a spectrophotometer. After that, amplification of the DNA was tested in PCR. Primers specific for plant ribosomal DNA: 18S_for a 5,8S_rev (PCR product - 700bp), 26S_for a 26S_rev (PCR product - 220 bp), 18S_for a 18¬S_rev (PCR product - 263 bp) were used. The PCR conditions were optimized and the effect of the amplicon length on its detection was followed. PCR products were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. It was shown that DNA isolated from almost all of leaves using magnetic particles was in PCR-ready quality in contrary to the fruits. DNA amplified in PCR with primers giving short PCR products was isolated from almost all tested jams. The method must be optimalised, yet.
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Hodnocení produkční schopnosti jitrocele kopinatého pro pícní využití
Valigurová, Jana
Dycotyledonous herbs for forage use are more often being used in agriculture. This diploma thesis focuses on one of the variants, namely ribwort plantain, which is considered a high-quality fodder and whose main feature is the ability to withstand abiotic stresses and provide high forage production even in the dry season. With the increasing frequency of drier periods, ribwort plantain has got great potential to become a more grown crop. Therefore were cultivated varieties of ribwort plantain, which provide higher yields and are more resistant to adverse climatic conditions than common flatweed type. The practical part of this work is divided into two parts. The first part of the experiment was grown in sand rolls, where the production of rootstock biomass of ribwort plantain (cv. Tonic) was compared with four other species: chicory (cv. Puna II), red clover (cv. Callisto), festuca arundinacea (cv. Kora) and alfalfa (cv. Zuzana). This experiment was set up in September 2019 and the total lenght of vegetation was 69 days, the experiment was fertilized twice during the vegetation. Leaves heights of all species were written down during the vegetation. After the end of the vegetation there was evaluated total lenght of the roots, the maximum depth of the roots and the length of the roots based on their thickness. These parameters were evaluated via WinRHIZO program. The maximum of root depth (18,2 cm) and root length in total (2 032 cm) were demonstrated for Tonic plantain. The second part of the experiment focused on the evaluation of the production capacity and the production of the root biomass of ribwort plantain took place on experimental plots at the Forage station in Vatín. This experiment was set up in June 2019 in three variants, where three following species where sown: ribwort plantain (cv. Libor), chicory and a mixture of plantain, chicory, cocksfoot, perennial ryegrass, meadow fescue, Kentucky blue grass, timothy, white clover, birdsfoot trefoil. A statistically significant difference was found only in the dry matter yield and the dry matter content, where lower values were written down for plantain Libor than for the grass mixture (dry matter yield lower by 0,45 t.ha-1, dry matter content in the first mowing lower by 5,06 %, in the second mowing lower by 2,22 %). There was also evaluated the content of crude protein (15,87 %) and fibre (ADF 22,58 % and NDF 26,77 %). In the spring 2020 was evaluated the production of root biomass like in the first part of the experiment using the WinRHIZO program. In plantain Libor there was found higher density of rooting in the upper layer of the soil (10,2 cm.cm-3) than in chicory (3,1 cm.cm-3).
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The mycobiomes of vegetative organs of the dominant Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica (Posidoniaceae, Alismatales)
Soperová, Beáta ; Vohník, Martin (advisor) ; Kohout, Petr (referee)
Posidonia oceanica is a dominant seagrass of the Mediterranean Sea and its mycobiome has been increasingly studied, especially in recent years. Dozens of fungi associated with roots, rhizomes or leaves have been already described, but studies on the mycobiome of leaf sheaths are completely absent. One of the root-associated mycobionts is Posidoniomyces atricolor, which has not yet been isolated from any other organ. This thesis attempted to describe the mycobiome of vegetative organs of P. oceanica using two different methodological approaches - microscopic observation and molecular analyses. Microscopic observation confirmed the presence of fungal colonization in all vegetative organs except leaves. The conclusions from the microscopic part were subsequently verified by isolating and identifying several different endomycobionts, including P. atricolor, which has been also isolated for the first time from rhizomes and leaf sheaths. Leaf sheath mycobiome was then described for the first time ever.
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Diversity and ecology of endophytic fungi in different parts of pants.
Kovaříčková, Adéla ; Prášil, Karel (advisor) ; Kolařík, Miroslav (referee)
Even though endophytic fungi have been studied intensively in the past years, little attention has been payed to endophytic colonisation of a whole plant. The search part of this work is about the differences in diversity and ecology of endophytes within whole plants, whose single parts represent qualitatively different environments for growth of endophytic fungi. The main difference is between the colonisation of systemic endophytes of grasses from family Clavicipitaceae and the colonisation of taxonomically heterogenous group of non-systemic endophytes. A systemic endophyte colonizes all above-ground organs of grass, while a non-systemic endophytes form only local infections, and their species composition in specific plant parts differs. The practical part of this work encompasses the pilot study of species diversity of endophytic fungi from woody parts (branches, stems and roots) of an elm tree (Ulmus laevis). There are differences in the frequency of colonisation among samples cultivated on agar plates, and also in diversity of isolated fungal genera.
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Determination of zinc, cadmium and nickel in leaves by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
Plodík, Michal ; Hraníček, Jakub (advisor) ; Červený, Václav (referee)
Práce je zaměřena na stanovení těžkých kovů (zinku, kadmia a niklu) v listech různých druhů stromů. Vzorky byly odebrány z různých lokalit na území České republiky. Pro analýzu byla použita hmotnostní spektrometrie s indukčně vázaným plazmatem, která je dostatečně citlivá pro předpokládané nízké koncentrace vybraných kovů. Pro stanovení koncentrace byla klíčová příprava vzorků pro mikrovlnný rozklad v koncentrované kyselině dusičné. Naměřené koncentrace sledovaných kovů se lišily nejen mezi lokalitami a jednotlivými rostlinnými druhy, ale také v rámci jedné lokality. Použitá metoda ICP-MS prokázala dostatečnou citlivost i u prvků s přirozeně nízkou koncentrací v životním prostředí, což bylo v této práci kadmium.
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Transport of humic substances into leafs
Žáková, Michaela ; Kalina, Michal (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis simulates leaf foliar fertilization and describes transport processes of humic substances. Experiments were performed for two areas. The first focused on the flow through the plant cuticle as the main selective barrier. In the second one the transport of humic substances to the leaf was studied. The diffusion process was evaluated by the concentration loss of lignohumate solutions, which served as the medium of humic substances in the solution - leaf model. The results showed the effect of cuticle on nutrient penetration and its dependence on its condition. New findings are the transfer processes of humic substances into the leaves, that have proved effective in a short period of time, mainly at higher concentrations.
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Memories
Conde, Tamara ; Schubert,, Theres (referee) ; Malý, Břetislav (advisor)
In this work I reflect on the obsessive compulsive tendency of materializing fleeting thoughts and moments. I use leaves and their placement and detachment from landscapes as a metaphor to memories, through an installation with video.
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Evaluation of a micromethod for isolation of DNA from plant leaf, fruit and fruit products
Balažovičová, Nikola ; Rittich, Bohuslav (referee) ; Kovařík, Aleš (advisor)
The thesis has been focused on testing of micromethod of DNA isolation from leaves, fruits and fruit products. Jams were selected for the analysis of plant DNA in technologically processed foods. Plant leaves, fruits, and jams were homogenized using plastic copist in a lysis buffer containing 2% cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with 2.5M sodium chloride (NaCl). Microisolation of plant DNA was performed using poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate-co-glycidylmethacrylate) – P(HEMA-co-GMA)microparticles. Isolated the DNA concentration and purity were assessed by UV light aborbance using a spectrophotometer. After that, amplification of the DNA was tested in PCR. Primers specific for plant ribosomal DNA: 18S_for a 5,8S_rev (PCR product - 700bp), 26S_for a 26S_rev (PCR product - 220 bp), 18S_for a 18¬S_rev (PCR product - 263 bp) were used. The PCR conditions were optimized and the effect of the amplicon length on its detection was followed. PCR products were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. It was shown that DNA isolated from almost all of leaves using magnetic particles was in PCR-ready quality in contrary to the fruits. DNA amplified in PCR with primers giving short PCR products was isolated from almost all tested jams. The method must be optimalised, yet.
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