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Where and how much water do trees transport? Modelling the impact of spruce and beech stands on soil water fluxes during extreme climatic conditions
Zelíková, Nikol ; Šípek, Václav
Soil moisture links processes that influence the entire hydrological cycle and thus the availability of water resources. One important factor influencing these processes is the presence of vegetation. Research on the interactions between vegetation, its management and the processes affecting soil water fluxes is of particular importance in times of ongoing climate change and land cover changes. However, the complexity of these interactions, further influenced by differences between plant species, makes this research more difficult. Land cover change is also taking place in Czechia, specifically in the replacement of spruce monocultures by beech. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of two types of forest stands, spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica), on the soil water regime in the experimental Liz catchment in Bohemian Forest, Czechia. This was performed by (1) evaluating differences in soil moisture based on twenty years of measured data and (2) obtaining the two components of the soil water balance (transpiration and percolation) at two plots (beech and spruce) using a soil water balance model. Analysis of the long-term soil moisture data show slightly lower soil moisture values under the beech stands, which disappear when comparing the annual mean values. Differences are evident when evaluating average soil moisture data with depth, where the topmost layer of the soil profile at the spruce site has on average 6% higher soil water content than beech. At the start of the growing season the soil moisture was initially drier under spruce, due to its earlier start of transpiration. This difference was reduced over the season by the intensive transpiration of beech. The outputs of the balance model indicated a higher rate of actual evapotranspiration of beech and a higher rate of percolation of spruce every year. This effect was more pronounced over the dry years, whereas in years with sufficient rainfall the differences were minimal. Thus, the replacement of spruce trees by beech trees may affect the rate of groundwater recharge.
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Bývalý vojenský újezd Milovice-Mladá: změny krajinné a vegetační mozaiky regionálního hotspotu biodiverzity
JIRKŮ, Daria
The thesis documents an analyses changes of land cover, development of forests and vegetation of non-forest habitats of the largest complex of naturalistic dry lowland forests and grasslands in the Czech Republic in the context of historical development and nature conservation. The development of the area is documented for the first time during the military past and also after the abandonment by army (1950-2017). New data allow quantification of losses of surface area and high-value nature habitats, identification of conservation priorities and potential refugia of rare biota and consideration of impact of different management methods.
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Atlas of Land Cover Changes in the Lake Most Area
Kryndlerová, Anna ; Čábelka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Lysák, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to create atlas of landscape changes in Lake Most area. The partial goals include evaluation of landscape development within historical context, visualization of land cover structure in 1842, 1938, 1952, 1987 and 2021, and creatation of additional maps, graphs and tables to illustrate land cover development for the whole monitored period. The theoretical part explains the basic concepts related to landscape and land cover and describes the base data layers and methods for analysing and evaluating landscape changes. Furthermore, the rules, concepts and methods of thematic cartography are described. This is followed by the physical-geographical and socio-economic characteristics of Lake Most area and its historical development in regards to coal mining and reclamation. In the practical part, a suitable atlas creation method is proposed based on the acquired knowledge. The key part of the map creation process is working with historical base data layers. The output of the work is a printed atlas of landscape changes in the area of Lake Most, created in ArcGIS and InDesign softwares. Keywords: Land cover change, Visualisation, GIS, Lake Most, Atlas, Coal mining, Reclamation
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Typology of land cover changes and landscape structure in the post-communist countries of the Central Europe
Kuna, Petr ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Lipský, Zdeněk (referee)
Study of landscape change is a subject of interest for a wide range of professional work both in the Czech republic and abroad. This thesis therefore does not give a simple description of the changes in the landscape, but rather focuses on the further synthesis of these findings and the subsequent creation of a typology of land cover changes and their impacts on landscape structure in the region of interest, including also its heterogeneity. It is therefore a process of allocated areas that formed and still form the same processes that lead to homogenization of the landscape, as opposed to its fragmentation. Area of interest is so-called Visegrad Group of countries (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland). There are four countries of the former Eastern bloc in Central Europe, which shared some relatively similar initial conditions for the further development of the landscape after the "release" of the regime change in 1989. The landscape began to develop in different way. Each country began a different way to approach a completely different landscape interfering in its development. Review starts with describing landscape development in the period up to 1989, when it was not too taken of the ecological functions and the importance of the landscape. This period was characterized by the...
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Classification of land cover change in Ethiopia using Landsat and Sentinel-2 data
Zadražil, Filip ; Laštovička, Josef (advisor) ; Svoboda, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the comparison of Random Forest (RF) and CART classifiers on the example of the Ethiopian region of Sidama. An analysis of land cover change between 2014 and 2020 was performed for this region. The cloud-based platform Google Earth Engine (GEE) was used for classifications. Supervised classifications were performed on images from Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 missions, which were retrieved from the Earth Engine data catalogue. Data from in-situ measurement was used for training polygons, variability of input data over time was verified with Google Earth Pro. In the research part, the work deals with the methods and results of research that were conducted in a topic close to this work. In the empirical part, the work deals with the analysis of Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 data. The temporal, spatial and spectral resolution were compared. In terms of temporal resolution, it has been shown that Sentinel-2 data allows up to three times more images for the same area thanks to the two satellites scanning in parallel. Spectral and spatial resolution of Sentinel-2 allows better observation of smaller and less distinguishable elements. The data was then used for land cover classifications using RF and CART classifiers in the cloud-based GEE environment. The RF classifier made it...
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Evaluation of the selected data sources of land use/land cover
Míček, Ondřej ; Štych, Přemysl (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee)
The topic of this study is to evaluate data sources from the perspective of the information about landscape they provide to their users. The aim is comparison of thematic content of Urban Atlas database and data from Czech cadastre of real estate in Prague metropolitan region between years 2006 and 2012 with focus at meaning of classification systems used by both datasets. The data are processed by evaluation of thematic similarity and statistical tools which quantify similarity between researched data. Results are further verified by using validation data. Important results are visualized by charts, tables and maps. The areas with high degree of dissimilarity were found using chosen methods and their thematic characteristics were further examined as well as their major causes. It was proved that differences between both datasets are significant and they share certain characteristics. It was also proved that cadastral data are to high extent out-of-date. Keywords Urban Atlas, cadastre of real estate, land use, land cover, Prague
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Typology of land cover changes and landscape structure in the post-communist countries of the Central Europe
Kuna, Petr ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Lipský, Zdeněk (referee)
Study of landscape change is a subject of interest for a wide range of professional work both in the Czech republic and abroad. This thesis therefore does not give a simple description of the changes in the landscape, but rather focuses on the further synthesis of these findings and the subsequent creation of a typology of land cover changes and their impacts on landscape structure in the region of interest, including also its heterogeneity. It is therefore a process of allocated areas that formed and still form the same processes that lead to homogenization of the landscape, as opposed to its fragmentation. Area of interest is so-called Visegrad Group of countries (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland). There are four countries of the former Eastern bloc in Central Europe, which shared some relatively similar initial conditions for the further development of the landscape after the "release" of the regime change in 1989. The landscape began to develop in different way. Each country began a different way to approach a completely different landscape interfering in its development. Review starts with describing landscape development in the period up to 1989, when it was not too taken of the ecological functions and the importance of the landscape. This period was characterized by the...
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